The lymphocytes from eight patients with active visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disease associated with marked immunologic dysfunction, were examined for ability to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon during in vitro cultivation. It was found that both IL-2 and gamma interferon production, in response to leishmania antigen, was absent during the active disease, but was restored after successful chemotherapy. Untreated VL patients produced IL-2 and gamma interferon when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Six patients with either active cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis, a disease not associated with immunosuppression, showed high levels of gamma interferon in response to leishmania antigen and PHA. Since IL-2 and gamma interferon have been shown to have important roles in the immune response and in the killing of leishmania, their absence may represent a key defect in the immune response in VL.
E M Carvalho, R Badaró, S G Reed, T C Jones, W D Johnson Jr
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Chagas Disease, Part A | 2011 |
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Drug Development Research | 2011 |
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Practical Hepatic Pathology A Diagnostic Approach | 2011 |
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BMC Immunology | 2011 |
Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (Modified QuantiFERON) as a Potential Marker of Infection for Leishmania donovani, a Proof of Concept Study
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Evidence That Lipopolisaccharide May Contribute to the Cytokine Storm and Cellular Activation in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis
JR Santos-Oliveira, EG Regis, CR Leal, RV Cunha, PT Bozza, AM Da-Cruz, EM Carvalho |
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Th1/Th2 Cytokine Profile in Patients Coinfected with HIV and Leishmania in Brazil
MZ Rodrigues, MF Grassi, S Mehta, XQ Zhang, LL Gois, RT Schooley, R Badaro |
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI | 2011 |
KSAC, the First Defined Polyprotein Vaccine Candidate for Visceral Leishmaniasis
Y Goto, A Bhatia, VS Raman, H Liang, R Mohamath, AF Picone, SE Vidal, TS Vedvick, RF Howard, SG Reed |
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI | 2011 |
Control of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Infectious Diseases
J Aliberti |
2011 |