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ResearchIn-Press PreviewImmunologyReproductive biology Open Access | 10.1172/JCI202874

Decidua-accumulated effector-like memory CD8+ T cells orchestrate localized antimicrobial defense without compromising fetal tolerance

Lu Liu,1 Xixi Huang,1 Tingxuan Yin,1 Xianyang Hu,1 Hailin Yu,1 Guohua Zhu,1 Chunfang Xu,1 Jiajia Chen,2 Jiangyuan Du,1 Hongyan Wang,3 Qingyu Wu,4 Wei Zhang,1 Feng Wang,5 Huimei Wu,6 and Meirong Du1

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Liu, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Huang, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Yin, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Hu, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Yu, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Zhu, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Xu, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Chen, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Du, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Wang, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Wu, Q. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Zhang, W. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Wang, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Wu, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Femal, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

3Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

4Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine an, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

5Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

6The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

Find articles by Du, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published November 5, 2026 - More info

J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI202874.
Copyright © 2026, Liu et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published November 5, 2026 - Version history
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Abstract

Deciphering immune privilege at the maternal-fetal interface is essential for understanding how reproductive success and host defense are simultaneously maintained. Decidualization, occurring within the specialized stromal tissue encapsulating the fetus and placenta, shapes local immune adaptation required for healthy pregnancy. Here, we identify a decidua-enriched effector-like memory CD8+ T cell subset marked by CD45RA in humans and CX3CR1 in mice. These cells preferentially accumulate in the decidua, which harbors a CX3CL1-dominant chemokine niche, and disruption of Cx3cr1 or uterine Cx3cl1 impaired their decidual recruitment and tissue localization. Human CD45RA+ and murine CX3CR1+ decidual memory CD8+ T cells shared conserved transcriptional and functional features, including enhanced cytotoxic potential and limited inflammatory cytokine production. Functionally, CX3CL1-mediated CD8+ T cell accumulation improved local control of prenatal Listeria monocytogenes infection and reduced infection-associated fetal loss. In contrast, fetal antigen-specific CD8+ T cell accumulation and fetal resorption occurred independently of uterine CX3CL1. Together, our findings define the maternal-fetal interface as an active immunological gatekeeper, that compartmentalizing CD8+ T cell-mediated antimicrobial adaptive immunity through the conserved CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis, supporting pathogen-specific defense while preserving fetal tolerance.

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