Graphical abstracts

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A graphical abstract is a single schematic image that visually represents the primary findings of an article, allowing readers to easily identify the article’s main message. The graphical abstract appears at the top of the online version of the article.

Authors may upload an image file prepared according to the Journal’s figure instructions. The figure should constitute a single image, without distinct lettered parts and without a separate legend. In general, information should flow either from left to right or top to bottom. Data figures are not permitted as graphical abstracts. A schematic model figure from the article itself may be used as the graphical abstract.

The use of AI technology for the preparation of graphical abstracts is permitted. Authors must disclose such use in the “AI disclosures” paragraph (Manuscript information section). The disclosure should specify the task performed, the name and version of the AI tool, and the date or range of dates of use.

• Example
  • The graphical abstract was created in BioRender with AI-assisted layout suggestions (July 1, 2026).
  • Schematic illustrations in the graphical abstract were drafted using the AI-assisted design tool FigureLabs (figurelabs.ai) (July 10, 2026).

The following specifications are recommended:

• Size: minimum 5.5 in. (14 cm) wide
• Resolution: 600 pixels per inch (ppi)

Examples of graphical abstracts:

Example 1

Example 2