Despite substantial fluctuations in daily food intake, animals maintain a remarkably stable body weight, because overall caloric ingestion and expenditure are exquisitely matched over long periods of time, through the process of energy homeostasis. The brain receives hormonal, neural, and metabolic signals pertaining to body-energy status and, in response to these inputs, coordinates adaptive alterations of energy intake and expenditure. To regulate food consumption, the brain must modulate appetite, and the core of appetite regulation lies in the gut-brain axis. This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the neuroendocrine regulation of food intake by the gastrointestinal system, focusing on gastric distention, intestinal and pancreatic satiation peptides, and the orexigenic gastric hormone ghrelin. We highlight mechanisms governing nutrient sensing and peptide secretion by enteroendocrine cells, including novel taste-like pathways. The increasingly nuanced understanding of the mechanisms mediating gut-peptide regulation and action provides promising targets for new strategies to combat obesity and diabetes.
David E. Cummings, Joost Overduin
Title and authors | Publication | Year |
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Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Enhances Energy Expenditure and Extends Lifespan in Diet-induced Obese Rats
N Stylopoulos, AG Hoppin, LM Kaplan |
Obesity | 2009 |
Pulmonary surfactant: an immunological perspective
ZC Chroneos, Z Sever-Chroneos, VL Shepherd |
Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology | 2009 |
Enhanced weight loss with pramlintide/metreleptin: an integrated neurohormonal approach to obesity pharmacotherapy
E Ravussin, SR Smith, JA Mitchell, R Shringarpure, K Shan, H Maier, JE Koda, C Weyer |
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) | 2009 |
Sensing of dietary lipids by enterocytes: a new role for SR-BI/CLA-1
O Béaslas, C Cueille, F Delers, D Chateau, J Chambaz, M Rousset, V Carrière |
PloS one | 2009 |
Ghrelin and peptide YY in postpartum lactating and nonlactating women
DE Larson-Meyer, E Ravussin, L Heilbronn, L DeJonge |
The American journal of clinical nutrition | 2009 |
Salivary habituation to food stimuli in successful weight loss maintainers, obese and normal-weight adults
DS Bond, HA Raynor, JM McCaffery, RR Wing |
International Journal of Obesity | 2009 |
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GJ Wang, ND Volkow, PK Thanos, JS Fowler |
Journal of addiction medicine | 2009 |
Gut sensing mechanisms
A deFonseka, J Kaunitz |
Current Gastroenterology Reports | 2009 |
Release of endogenous opioids from duodenal enteroendocrine cells requires Trpm5
Z Kokrashvili, D Rodriguez, V Yevshayeva, H Zhou, RF Margolskee, B Mosinger |
Gastroenterology | 2009 |
Appetite responds to changes in meal content, whereas ghrelin, leptin, and insulin track changes in energy availability
KT Borer, E Wuorinen, K Ku, C Burant |
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism | 2009 |
Effect of alginate on satiation, appetite, gastric function, and selected gut satiety hormones in overweight and obesity
ST Odunsi, MI Vázquez-Roque, M Camilleri, A Papathanasopoulos, MM Clark, L Wodrich, M Lempke, S McKinzie, M Ryks, D Burton, AR Zinsmeister |
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) | 2009 |
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A Papathanasopoulos, M Camilleri, PJ Carlson, A Vella, SJ Nord, DD Burton, ST Odunsi, AR Zinsmeister |
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) | 2009 |
Messenger RNA for neuropeptide Y in the arcuate nucleus increases in parallel with plasma adrenocorticotropin during sepsis in the rat
DE Carlson, W Le, WC Chiu, GE Hoffman |
Neuroscience Letters | 2009 |
Opportunities for the replacement of animals in the study of nausea and vomiting
AM Holmes, JA Rudd, FD Tattersall, Q Aziz, PL Andrews |
British Journal of Pharmacology | 2009 |
Contributions of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex to energy and body weight regulation
TL Davidson, K Chan, LE Jarrard, SE Kanoski, DJ Clegg, SC Benoit |
Hippocampus | 2009 |
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J Saliba, J Wattacheril, NN Abumrad |
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care | 2009 |
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GW Cheung, A Kokorovic, TK Lam |
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | 2009 |
Modulation of Taste Sensitivity by GLP-1 Signaling in Taste Buds
B Martin, CD Dotson, YK Shin, S Ji, DJ Drucker, S Maudsley, SD Munger |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 2009 |
Impact of Different Bariatric Surgical Procedures on Insulin Action and -Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes
E Ferrannini, G Mingrone |
Diabetes care | 2009 |
The role of peptide YY in appetite regulation and obesity: Peptide YY in appetite regulation and obesity
E Karra, K Chandarana, RL Batterham |
The Journal of Physiology | 2009 |
Ghrelin Does Not Predict Adaptive Hyperphagia in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome
CW Compher, BP Kinosian, DC Metz |
JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition | 2009 |
Obesity, Gut Hormones, and Bariatric Surgery
DJ Pournaras, CW le Roux |
World Journal of Surgery | 2009 |