HMS activity in cells from nonpregnant and pregnant women with and without treatment with 50 ng/ml LPS. The metabolism of 1-14C-glucose and 6-14C-glucose to 14CO2 was measured as described previously (39, 40). The cpm of 14CO2 formed from 6-14C-glucose was subtracted from the cpm of that formed from 1-14C-glucose. The cpm (HMS activity) is listed on the graph (mean ± SEM). LPS substantially increases HMS activity in cells from nonpregnant individuals (P < 0.001, paired two-tailed t test) but not from pregnant individuals (P > 0.01). n = 7.