We extracted a granule-rich sediment from normal human neutrophils and subjected it to chromatographic, electrophoretic, and functional analysis. The extract contained three small (molecular weight less than 3,500) antibiotic peptides that were named human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3, and which will be referred to as "defensins." HNP 1-3, a mixture of the three defensins, killed Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli effectively in vitro when tested in 10 mM phosphate buffer containing certain nutrients, but it had little or no bactericidal activity in nutrient-free buffer. In contrast, the nutrient-free buffer supported a high degree of activity by HNP 1-3 against Cryptococcus neoformans. In addition to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, HNP 1-3 directly inactivated herpes simplex virus, Type 1. Two of the individual purified defensins, HNP-1 and HNP-2, were as microbicidal as the mixture HNP 1-3. HNP-3 was less active than the other defensins against most but not all of the microbes tested. Immunoperoxidase stains revealed HNP 1-3 to have a granular localization in the neutrophil's cytoplasm by light microscopy. Frozen thin section immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed HNP 1-3 to be localized in azurophil granules. These studies define a broad-spectrum antimicrobial system in human neutrophils. The defensin system may operate in conjunction with or independently from oxygen-dependent microbicidal processes to enable human neutrophils to inactivate and destroy potential pathogens.
T Ganz, M E Selsted, D Szklarek, S S Harwig, K Daher, D F Bainton, R I Lehrer
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Innate Effector Systems in Primary Human Macrophages Sensitize Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae to Antibiotics
RS Rekha, H Karadottir, S Ahmed, GH Gudmundsson, B Agerberth, P Bergman, M Raffatellu |
Infection and immunity | 2020 |
Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential
N Mookherjee, MA Anderson, HP Haagsman, DJ Davidson |
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery | 2020 |
Topical antimicrobial peptide formulations for wound healing: Current developments and future prospects
RK Thapa, DB Diep, HH Tønnesen |
Acta Biomaterialia | 2020 |
Defensins: A Double-Edged Sword in Host Immunity
D Xu, W Lu |
Frontiers in immunology | 2020 |
Antiviral Activities of Human Host Defense Peptides
DC Brice, G Diamond |
Current medicinal chemistry | 2020 |
Human antimicrobial peptides in autoimmunity
ES Umnyakova, MS Zharkova, MN Berlov, OV Shamova, VN Kokryakov |
Autoimmunity | 2020 |
Cooperative Function of LL-37 and HNP1 Protects Mammalian Cell Membranes from Lysis
E Drab, K Sugihara |
Biophysical Journal | 2020 |
HNP-1 and HBD-1 as Biomarkers for the Immune Systems of Elite Basketball Athletes
R Pero, M Brancaccio, C Mennitti, L Gentile, A Franco, S Laneri, MD Biasi, C Pagliuca, R Colicchio, P Salvatore, G DAlicandro, D Terracciano, M Cennamo, EL Civita, A Liotti, C Mazzaccara, G Frisso, B Lombardo, O Scudiero |
Antibiotics | 2020 |
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection promotes enteric defensin expression via FOXO6-METTL3-m 6 A-GPR161 signalling axis
X Zong, H Wang, X Xiao, Y Zhang, Y Hu, F Wang, Y Wang, Z Lu |
RNA biology | 2020 |
Alpha-defensin lateral flow test does not appear to be useful in predicting shoulder periprosthetic joint infections
L Weigelt, A Plate, L Stadler, R Sutter, D Frustaci, R Zbinden, PO Zingg, C Gerber, Y Achermann |
International Orthopaedics | 2020 |
Anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 infection: the case for colchicine
AZ Reyes, KA Hu, J Teperman, TL Muskardin, JC Tardif, B Shah, MH Pillinger |
Annals of the rheumatic diseases | 2020 |
Defensins: Transcriptional regulation and function beyond antimicrobial activity
G Contreras, I Shirdel, MS Braun, M Wink |
Developmental and comparative immunology | 2020 |
Synthetic Polypeptide Polymers as Simplified Analogues of Antimicrobial Peptides
P Salas-Ambrosio, A Tronnet, P Verhaeghe, C Bonduelle |
Biomacromolecules | 2020 |
Increased Synovial Inflammatory Markers in Aseptic Total Hip Arthroplasty Dislocation
HC Bäcker, S Hardt, JT Richards, C Perka, V Janz |
The Journal of Arthroplasty | 2020 |
Antimicrobial Peptides as Anticancer Agents: Functional Properties and Biological Activities
AL Tornesello, A Borrelli, L Buonaguro, FM Buonaguro, ML Tornesello |
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) | 2020 |
Antibacterial activity of human defensins against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
A Bolatchiev |
PeerJ | 2020 |
ExPortal and the LiaFSR Regulatory System Coordinate the Response to Cell Membrane Stress in Streptococcus pyogenes
Y Lin, MA Sanson, LA Vega, B Shah, S Regmi, MB Cubria, AR Flores, KA Kline |
mBio | 2020 |
Fragmentation of Human Neutrophil α-Defensin 4 to Combat Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
D Ehmann, L Koeninger, J Wendler, NP Malek, EF Stange, J Wehkamp, BA Jensen |
Frontiers in microbiology | 2020 |
Antibiofilm Activity on Candida albicans and Mechanism of Action on Biomembrane Models of the Antimicrobial Peptide Ctn[15–34]
FL de Aguiar, NC Santos, CS de Paula Cavalcante, D Andreu, GR Baptista, S Gonçalves |
International journal of molecular sciences | 2020 |
Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Urinary Antimicrobial Peptides in Dairy Cows
A Sharma, R Nigam, A Kumar, S Singh |
Protein and peptide letters | 2020 |
Antibiotics: A Bibliometric Analysis of Top 100 Classics
AI Arshad, P Ahmad, MI Karobari, JA Asif, MK Alam, Z Mahmood, NA Rahman, N Mamat, MA Kamal |
Antibiotics | 2020 |
A Crosstalk on Antimicrobial Peptides
A Borah, B Deb, S Chakraborty |
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics | 2020 |
Identification and characterization of urinary peptides using Q-TOF mass spectrometry in cow
A Sharma, R Nigam, A Kumar, A Pal |
2020 | |
Human Antimicrobial Peptides: Spectrum, Mode of Action and Resistance Mechanisms
BS Bazzaz, S Seyedi, NH Goki, B Khameneh |
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics | 2020 |
Antimicrobial Peptides: An Approach to Combat Resilient Infections
D Parai, P Dey, SK Mukherjee |
Current drug discovery technologies | 2020 |
Antibiotics: A Bibliometric Analysis of Top 100 Classics.
Arshad AI, Ahmad P, Karobari MI, Asif JA, Alam MK, Mahmood Z, Abd Rahman N, Mamat N, Kamal MA |
2020 |