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Citations to this article

Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils.
T Ganz, … , D F Bainton, R I Lehrer
T Ganz, … , D F Bainton, R I Lehrer
Published October 1, 1985
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1985;76(4):1427-1435. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112120.
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Research Article Article has an altmetric score of 22

Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils.

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Abstract

We extracted a granule-rich sediment from normal human neutrophils and subjected it to chromatographic, electrophoretic, and functional analysis. The extract contained three small (molecular weight less than 3,500) antibiotic peptides that were named human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3, and which will be referred to as "defensins." HNP 1-3, a mixture of the three defensins, killed Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli effectively in vitro when tested in 10 mM phosphate buffer containing certain nutrients, but it had little or no bactericidal activity in nutrient-free buffer. In contrast, the nutrient-free buffer supported a high degree of activity by HNP 1-3 against Cryptococcus neoformans. In addition to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, HNP 1-3 directly inactivated herpes simplex virus, Type 1. Two of the individual purified defensins, HNP-1 and HNP-2, were as microbicidal as the mixture HNP 1-3. HNP-3 was less active than the other defensins against most but not all of the microbes tested. Immunoperoxidase stains revealed HNP 1-3 to have a granular localization in the neutrophil's cytoplasm by light microscopy. Frozen thin section immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed HNP 1-3 to be localized in azurophil granules. These studies define a broad-spectrum antimicrobial system in human neutrophils. The defensin system may operate in conjunction with or independently from oxygen-dependent microbicidal processes to enable human neutrophils to inactivate and destroy potential pathogens.

Authors

T Ganz, M E Selsted, D Szklarek, S S Harwig, K Daher, D F Bainton, R I Lehrer

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Total citations by year

Year: 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1981 1979 Total
Citations: 6 15 20 21 33 26 29 30 26 38 36 38 29 26 34 40 34 43 40 29 38 37 35 27 24 23 36 16 17 16 15 16 18 26 32 32 32 28 10 7 1 1 1080
Citation information
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Citations to this article in year 2007 (40)

Title and authors Publication Year
Alpha-defensins block the early steps of HIV-1 infection: interference with the binding of gp120 to CD4
L Furci, F Sironi, M Tolazzi, L Vassena, P Lusso
Blood 2007
Human Defensin α-1 Causes Trypanosoma cruzi Membrane Pore Formation and Induces DNA Fragmentation, Which Leads to Trypanosome Destruction
MN Madison, YY Kleshchenko, PN Nde, KJ Simmons, MF Lima, F Villalta
Infection and immunity 2007
Antimicrobial peptides: natural effectors of the innate immune system
K Radek, R Gallo
Seminars in Immunopathology 2007
Antimicrobial peptides in human skin disease
K Yamasaki, RL Gallo
European journal of dermatology : EJD 2007
Host factors influencing susceptibility to HIV infection and AIDS progression
J Lama, V Planelles
Retrovirology 2007
Leukotriene B 4 Triggers the In Vitro and In Vivo Release of Potent Antimicrobial Agents
L Flamand, MJ Tremblay, P Borgeat
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2007
Effects of surfactant protein D on growth, adhesion and epithelial invasion of intestinal Gram-negative bacteria
A Hogenkamp, MV Herías, PC Tooten, EJ Veldhuizen, HP Haagsman
Molecular Immunology 2007
Impact of pro segments on the folding and function of human neutrophil alpha-defensins
Z Wu, X Li, B Ericksen, E Leeuw, G Zou, P Zeng, C Xie, C Li, J Lubkowski, WY Lu, W Lu
Journal of Molecular Biology 2007
Inhibition of human neutrophil degranulation by transforming growth factor-beta1
L Shen, JM Smith, Z Shen, M Eriksson, C Sentman, CR Wira
Clinical & Experimental Immunology 2007
Protective immunity against cryptococcus neoformans infection
J Schop
McGill journal of medicine : MJM : an international forum for the advancement of medical sciences by students 2007
The expression of human alpha and beta defensin in the endometrium and their effect on implantation
S Das, GS Vince, I Lewis-Jones, MD Bates, R Gazvani
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 2007
Intein-mediated expression is an effective approach in the study of β-defensins
H Diao, C Guo, D Lin, Y Zhang
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2007
Immunocytochemical localization of lysozyme and β-defensin in the apocrine glands of the equine scrotum
T Yasui, K Fukui, T Nara, I Habata, W Meyer, A Tsukise
Archives of Dermatological Research 2007
Innate Immune Defences in the Human Uterus during Pregnancy
AE King, RW Kelly, JM Sallenave, AD Bocking, JR Challis
Placenta 2007
The role of human innate immune factors in nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus
A Belkum, M Emonts, H Wertheim, C Jongh, J Nouwen, H Bartels, A Cole, A Cole, P Hermans, H Boelens, NL Toom, S Snijders, H Verbrugh, W Leeuwen
Microbes and Infection 2007
Defensins in the immunology of bacterial infections
A Menendez, BB Finlay
Current Opinion in Immunology 2007
The role of cathelicidin and defensins in pulmonary inflammatory diseases
C Herr, R Shaykhiev, R Bals
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2007
Analysis of differential gene expression between chronic hepatitis B patients and asymptomatic hepatitis B carriers
C Tang, Z Chen, G Peng, Z Yang, L Zhou
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2007
Effects of Acute Ethanol Exposure on the Early Inflammatory Response After Excisional Injury
DJ Fitzgerald, KA Radek, M Chaar, DE Faunce, LA DiPietro, EJ Kovacs
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 2007
Genetics of the innate immune response in inflammatory bowel disease
JV Limbergen, RK Russell, ER Nimmo, GT Ho, ID Arnott, DC Wilson, J Satsangi
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2007
The polymorphism in the ?4-defensin gene and its association with production and somatic cell count in Holstein-Friesian cows
E Bagnicka, N Strzałkowska, K Flisikowski, T Szreder, A Jóźwik, B Prusak, J Krzyżewski, L Zwierzchowski
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 2007
Phagocytosis and antigen presentation in dendritic cells
A Savina, S Amigorena
Immunological Reviews 2007
Cathelicidin LL-37 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and release of human α-defensins from neutrophils
Y Zheng, F Niyonsaba, H Ushio, I Nagaoka, S Ikeda, K Okumura, H Ogawa
British Journal of Dermatology 2007
Dual antiviral activity of human alpha-defensin-1 against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV): Inactivation of virus particles and induction of a type I interferon-related response
A Falco, V Mas, C Tafalla, L Perez, JM Coll, A Estepa
Antiviral Research 2007
Discovery of α-defensins in basal mammals
DJ Lynn, DG Bradley
Developmental & Comparative Immunology 2007
REVIEW ARTICLE: Antimicrobial Polypeptides are Key Anti-HIV-1 Effector Molecules of Cervicovaginal Host Defense
AM Cole, AL Cole
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2007
Molecular cloning and characterization of lysozyme II fromArtogeia rapaeand its expression in Baculovirus‐infected insect cells
IS Bang, CS Kang
Integrative Biosciences 2007
Efficient production of soluble human beta-defensin-3–4 fusion proteins in Escherichia coli cell-free system
H Chen, L Fan, Z Xu, X Yin, P Cen
Process Biochemistry 2007
Human β-defensin-2: A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid participates in the host response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity
E Soto, J Espinoza, JK Nien, JP Kusanovic, O Erez, K Richani, J Santolaya-Forgas, RR Chief
Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2007
Review: Human antimicrobial proteins — effectors of innate immunity
J Harder, R Gläser, JM Schröder
Journal of Endotoxin Research 2007
Human immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells produce and secrete α-defensins 1-3
M Rodríguez-García, H Oliva, N Climent, F García, JM Gatell, T Gallart
Journal of leukocyte biology 2007
Differential Expression of Human Beta Defensin 2 and Human Beta Defensin 3 in Human Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
JJ Song, SW Chae, JS Woo, HM Lee, HH Jung, SJ Hwang
The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2007
Toward Understanding the Cationicity of Defensins: ARG AND LYS VERSUS THEIR NONCODED ANALOGS
G Zou, E Leeuw, C Li, M Pazgier, C Li, P Zeng, WY Lu, J Lubkowski, W Lu
The Journal of biological chemistry 2007
Mechanisms of action of ostrich β-defensins against Escherichia coli
H Sugiarto, PL Yu
FEMS Microbiology Letters 2007
New Insights in Medical Mycology
K Kavanagh
2007
The β-Defensin Gallinacin-6 Is Expressed in the Chicken Digestive Tract and Has Antimicrobial Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens
A van Dijk, EJ Veldhuizen, SI Kalkhove, JL Bokhoven, RA Romijn, HP Haagsman
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2007
Study of the Interaction of Human Defensins with Cell Membrane Models: Relationships between Structure and Biological Activity
MR Lourenzoni, AM Namba, L Caseli, L Degrève, ME Zaniquelli
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2007
In Vitro Activity of Human β-Defensin 2 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Tear Fluid
LC Huang, RL Redfern, S Narayanan, RY Reins, AM McDermott
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2007
A novel horse α-defensin: gene transcription, recombinant expression and characterization of the structure and function
O Bruhn, P Regenhard, M Michalek, S Paul, C Gelhaus, S Jung, G Thaller, R Podschun, M Leippe, J Grötzinger, E Kalm
Biochemical Journal 2007
The Expression Patterns of Peritoneal Defensins
A Grupp, M Kimmel, P Fritz, B Voggenreiter, H Stöltzing, U Kuhlmann, EF Stange, T Mettang, K Fellermann, DM Alscher
Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 2007

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