We extracted a granule-rich sediment from normal human neutrophils and subjected it to chromatographic, electrophoretic, and functional analysis. The extract contained three small (molecular weight less than 3,500) antibiotic peptides that were named human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3, and which will be referred to as "defensins." HNP 1-3, a mixture of the three defensins, killed Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli effectively in vitro when tested in 10 mM phosphate buffer containing certain nutrients, but it had little or no bactericidal activity in nutrient-free buffer. In contrast, the nutrient-free buffer supported a high degree of activity by HNP 1-3 against Cryptococcus neoformans. In addition to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, HNP 1-3 directly inactivated herpes simplex virus, Type 1. Two of the individual purified defensins, HNP-1 and HNP-2, were as microbicidal as the mixture HNP 1-3. HNP-3 was less active than the other defensins against most but not all of the microbes tested. Immunoperoxidase stains revealed HNP 1-3 to have a granular localization in the neutrophil's cytoplasm by light microscopy. Frozen thin section immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed HNP 1-3 to be localized in azurophil granules. These studies define a broad-spectrum antimicrobial system in human neutrophils. The defensin system may operate in conjunction with or independently from oxygen-dependent microbicidal processes to enable human neutrophils to inactivate and destroy potential pathogens.
T Ganz, M E Selsted, D Szklarek, S S Harwig, K Daher, D F Bainton, R I Lehrer
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Seminars in Immunopathology | 2007 |
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Leukotriene B 4 Triggers the In Vitro and In Vivo Release of Potent Antimicrobial Agents
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Molecular Immunology | 2007 |
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Inhibition of human neutrophil degranulation by transforming growth factor-beta1
L Shen, JM Smith, Z Shen, M Eriksson, C Sentman, CR Wira |
Clinical & Experimental Immunology | 2007 |
Protective immunity against cryptococcus neoformans infection
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The expression of human alpha and beta defensin in the endometrium and their effect on implantation
S Das, GS Vince, I Lewis-Jones, MD Bates, R Gazvani |
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics | 2007 |
Intein-mediated expression is an effective approach in the study of β-defensins
H Diao, C Guo, D Lin, Y Zhang |
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | 2007 |
Immunocytochemical localization of lysozyme and β-defensin in the apocrine glands of the equine scrotum
T Yasui, K Fukui, T Nara, I Habata, W Meyer, A Tsukise |
Archives of Dermatological Research | 2007 |
Innate Immune Defences in the Human Uterus during Pregnancy
AE King, RW Kelly, JM Sallenave, AD Bocking, JR Challis |
Placenta | 2007 |
The role of human innate immune factors in nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus
A Belkum, M Emonts, H Wertheim, C Jongh, J Nouwen, H Bartels, A Cole, A Cole, P Hermans, H Boelens, NL Toom, S Snijders, H Verbrugh, W Leeuwen |
Microbes and Infection | 2007 |
Defensins in the immunology of bacterial infections
A Menendez, BB Finlay |
Current Opinion in Immunology | 2007 |
The role of cathelicidin and defensins in pulmonary inflammatory diseases
C Herr, R Shaykhiev, R Bals |
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy | 2007 |
Analysis of differential gene expression between chronic hepatitis B patients and asymptomatic hepatitis B carriers
C Tang, Z Chen, G Peng, Z Yang, L Zhou |
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology | 2007 |
Effects of Acute Ethanol Exposure on the Early Inflammatory Response After Excisional Injury
DJ Fitzgerald, KA Radek, M Chaar, DE Faunce, LA DiPietro, EJ Kovacs |
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research | 2007 |
Genetics of the innate immune response in inflammatory bowel disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | 2007 |
The polymorphism in the ?4-defensin gene and its association with production and somatic cell count in Holstein-Friesian cows
E Bagnicka, N Strzałkowska, K Flisikowski, T Szreder, A Jóźwik, B Prusak, J Krzyżewski, L Zwierzchowski |
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics | 2007 |
Phagocytosis and antigen presentation in dendritic cells
A Savina, S Amigorena |
Immunological Reviews | 2007 |
Cathelicidin LL-37 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and release of human α-defensins from neutrophils
Y Zheng, F Niyonsaba, H Ushio, I Nagaoka, S Ikeda, K Okumura, H Ogawa |
British Journal of Dermatology | 2007 |
Dual antiviral activity of human alpha-defensin-1 against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV): Inactivation of virus particles and induction of a type I interferon-related response
A Falco, V Mas, C Tafalla, L Perez, JM Coll, A Estepa |
Antiviral Research | 2007 |
Discovery of α-defensins in basal mammals
DJ Lynn, DG Bradley |
Developmental & Comparative Immunology | 2007 |
REVIEW ARTICLE: Antimicrobial Polypeptides are Key Anti-HIV-1 Effector Molecules of Cervicovaginal Host Defense
AM Cole, AL Cole |
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology | 2007 |
Molecular cloning and characterization of lysozyme II fromArtogeia rapaeand its expression in Baculovirus‐infected insect cells
IS Bang, CS Kang |
Integrative Biosciences | 2007 |
Efficient production of soluble human beta-defensin-3–4 fusion proteins in Escherichia coli cell-free system
H Chen, L Fan, Z Xu, X Yin, P Cen |
Process Biochemistry | 2007 |
Human β-defensin-2: A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid participates in the host response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity
E Soto, J Espinoza, JK Nien, JP Kusanovic, O Erez, K Richani, J Santolaya-Forgas, RR Chief |
Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine | 2007 |
Review: Human antimicrobial proteins — effectors of innate immunity
J Harder, R Gläser, JM Schröder |
Journal of Endotoxin Research | 2007 |
Human immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells produce and secrete α-defensins 1-3
M Rodríguez-García, H Oliva, N Climent, F García, JM Gatell, T Gallart |
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Differential Expression of Human Beta Defensin 2 and Human Beta Defensin 3 in Human Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
JJ Song, SW Chae, JS Woo, HM Lee, HH Jung, SJ Hwang |
The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology | 2007 |
Toward Understanding the Cationicity of Defensins: ARG AND LYS VERSUS THEIR NONCODED ANALOGS
G Zou, E Leeuw, C Li, M Pazgier, C Li, P Zeng, WY Lu, J Lubkowski, W Lu |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 2007 |
Mechanisms of action of ostrich β-defensins against Escherichia coli
H Sugiarto, PL Yu |
FEMS Microbiology Letters | 2007 |
New Insights in Medical Mycology
K Kavanagh |
2007 | |
The β-Defensin Gallinacin-6 Is Expressed in the Chicken Digestive Tract and Has Antimicrobial Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens
A van Dijk, EJ Veldhuizen, SI Kalkhove, JL Bokhoven, RA Romijn, HP Haagsman |
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy | 2007 |
Study of the Interaction of Human Defensins with Cell Membrane Models: Relationships between Structure and Biological Activity
MR Lourenzoni, AM Namba, L Caseli, L Degrève, ME Zaniquelli |
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B | 2007 |
In Vitro Activity of Human β-Defensin 2 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Tear Fluid
LC Huang, RL Redfern, S Narayanan, RY Reins, AM McDermott |
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy | 2007 |
A novel horse α-defensin: gene transcription, recombinant expression and characterization of the structure and function
O Bruhn, P Regenhard, M Michalek, S Paul, C Gelhaus, S Jung, G Thaller, R Podschun, M Leippe, J Grötzinger, E Kalm |
Biochemical Journal | 2007 |
The Expression Patterns of Peritoneal Defensins
A Grupp, M Kimmel, P Fritz, B Voggenreiter, H Stöltzing, U Kuhlmann, EF Stange, T Mettang, K Fellermann, DM Alscher |
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