Towards HIV-1 remission: potential roles for broadly neutralizing antibodies
Ariel Halper-Stromberg, Michel C. Nussenzweig
Ariel Halper-Stromberg, Michel C. Nussenzweig
Published February 1, 2016
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2016;126(2):415-423. doi:10.1172/JCI80561.
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Category: Review Series

Towards HIV-1 remission: potential roles for broadly neutralizing antibodies

Abstract

Current antiretroviral drug therapies do not cure HIV-1 because they do not eliminate a pool of long-lived cells harboring immunologically silent but replication-competent proviruses — termed the latent reservoir. Eliminating this reservoir and stimulating the immune response to control infection in the absence of therapy remain important but unsolved goals of HIV-1 cure research. Recently discovered broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) exhibit remarkable breadth and potency in their ability to neutralize HIV-1 in vitro, and recent studies have demonstrated new therapeutic applications for passively administered bNAbs in vivo. This Review discusses the roles bNAbs might play in HIV-1 treatment regimens, including prevention, therapy, and cure.

Authors

Ariel Halper-Stromberg, Michel C. Nussenzweig

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Potential immune effector functions of bNAbs. (A) bNAbs can prevent infe...

Figure 1

Potential immune effector functions of bNAbs.

(A) bNAbs can prevent infection by directly neutralizing cell-free virions, which prevents infection and accelerates viremia decline through antibody-mediated viral clearance. (B) bNAbs can potentially bind to infected cells and mediate antiviral activity through Fc-FcR interactions that engage NK cells for ADCC or macrophages for phagocytosis and cellular destruction. (C) Immune complexes formed by bNAbs bound to viral antigen can be taken up by dendritic cells and may stimulate host adaptive immune responses, including increased antiviral cytotoxic T cell activity and B cell maturation.