(A) The allelic spectrum of schizophrenia. Shown are high-confidence empirical findings of the contribution of rare and common variants to the genotypic relative risk for developing schizophrenia. The x axis depicts the log10 of allele frequency in controls, and the y axis depicts the point estimate for log₁₀ of the genotypic relative risk. (i) No Mendelian variants for schizophrenia are known. A Mendelian form of schizophrenia would be expected to be rare with a very high genotypic relative risk (>50). (ii) CNVs associated with schizophrenia (represented by diamonds) are uncommon or rare and have an intermediate to high genotypic relative risks. (iii) Whole-exome sequencing studies have yet to identify protein-altering variants in this region, but the extant studies are few and small. (iv) High-confidence exclusion zone defined by risk allele prevalence >0.1 and genotypic relative risk >1.16, in which no loci have been identified despite statistical power nearing 100%. (v) Approximately 22 common variants have been significantly associated with schizophrenia to date (red circles). Common variants have a low genotypic relative risk individually but together account for more than 50% of the heritability of schizophrenia. (B) Expanded view of v, identifying the genomic regions achieving genome-wide significance. Circles denote the 22 common variants that have been significantly associated with schizophrenia; green circles represent long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs).