The gut peptide ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has been implicated not only in the regulation of pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion but in a number of endocrine and nonendocrine functions, including appetitive behavior and carbohydrate substrate utilization. Nevertheless, recent genetic studies have failed to show any significant defects in GH levels, food intake, or body weight in adult ghrelin-deficient (Ghrl−/−) mice. Here we demonstrate that male Ghrl−/− mice are protected from the rapid weight gain induced by early exposure to a high-fat diet 3 weeks after weaning (6 weeks of age). This reduced weight gain was associated with decreased adiposity and increased energy expenditure and locomotor activity as the animals aged. Despite the absence of ghrelin, these Ghrl−/− mice showed a paradoxical preservation of the GH/IGF-1 axis, similar to that reported in lean compared with obese humans. These findings suggest an important role for endogenous ghrelin in the metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability.
Katherine E. Wortley, Juan-Pablo del Rincon, Jane D. Murray, Karen Garcia, Keiji Iida, Michael O. Thorner, Mark W. Sleeman
Title and authors | Publication | Year |
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Role of ghrelin hormone in the development of alcohol-associated liver disease
Mahalingam S, Bellamkonda R, Kharbanda KK, Arumugam MK, Kumar V, Casey CA, Leggio L, Rasineni K |
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy | 2024 |
The effects of ghrelin and LEAP-2 in energy homeostasis are modulated by thermoneutrality, high-fat diet and aging
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Journal of Endocrinological Investigation | 2024 |
Hunger signalling in the olfactory bulb primes exploration, food-seeking and peripheral metabolism.
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Molecular metabolism | 2024 |
Syndecans modulate ghrelin receptor signaling
Prins K, Mutsters N, Volker F, Huisman M, Mies R, Delhanty PJ, Visser JA |
Journal of Molecular Endocrinology | 2024 |
Ghrelin deletion and inducible ghrelin cell ablation increase pancreatic islet size in mice
Deepali Gupta, Avi W. Burstein, Dana Schwalbe, Kripa Shankar, Salil Varshney, Omprakash Singh, Subhojit Paul, Sean B. Ogden, Sherri Osborne-Lawrence, Nathan Metzger, Corine Richard, John Campbell, Jeffrey M. Zigman |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2023 |
Hormonal Determinants of Growth and Weight Gain in the Human Fetus and Preterm Infant
Page L, Younge N, Freemark M |
Nutrients | 2023 |
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Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal | 2023 |
From “Hunger Hormone” to “It’s Complicated”: Ghrelin Beyond Feeding Control
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Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) | 2022 |
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Nature Communications | 2022 |
Adipocyte-Specific Modulation of KLF14 Expression in Mice Leads to Sex-Dependent Impacts on Adiposity and Lipid Metabolism.
Yang Q, Hinkle J, Reed JN, Aherrahrou R, Xu Z, Harris TE, Stephenson EJ, Musunuru K, Keller SR, Civelek M |
Diabetes | 2022 |
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Frontiers in Endocrinology | 2022 |
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Kharbanda KK, Farokhnia M, Deschaine SL, Bhargava R, Rodriguez-Flores M, Casey CA, Goldstone AP, Jerlhag E, Leggio L, Rasineni K |
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research | 2022 |
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JCI Insight | 2021 |
Ghrelin Gene Deletion Alters Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Adult Female Mice
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Frontiers in Endocrinology | 2021 |
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MS Khelifa, LJ Skov, B Holst |
Frontiers in Endocrinology | 2021 |
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake
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In Search of Small Molecules That Selectively Inhibit MBOAT4
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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) | 2021 |
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Molecular Metabolism | 2020 |
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S Barja-Fernández, J Lugilde, C Castelao, R Vázquez-Cobela, LM Seoane, C Diéguez, R Leis, S Tovar |
International Journal of Obesity | 2020 |
Ghrelin Protects Against Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
K Shankar, D Gupta, BK Mani, BG Findley, S Osborne-Lawrence, NP Metzger, C Liu, ED Berglund, JM Zigman |
Frontiers in Endocrinology | 2020 |
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Zane Andrews |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2019 |
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SM Gray, LC Page, J Tong |
Journal of Neuroendocrinology | 2019 |
The Role of Ghrelin in Regulating Synaptic Function and Plasticity of Feeding-Associated Circuits
D Serrenho, SD Santos, AL Carvalho |
Frontiers in cellular neuroscience | 2019 |
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BK Mani, K Shankar, JM Zigman |
Endocrinology | 2019 |
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Ghrelin Receptor Agonist Rescues Excess Neonatal Mortality in a Prader-Willi Syndrome Mouse Model
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Endocrinology | 2018 |
Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism
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Molecular Metabolism | 2017 |
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Ghrelin as a Survival Hormone
BK Mani, JM Zigman |
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Mucosal Immunology | 2017 |
Ghrelin cell-selective β1-adrenergic receptor deletion causes hypoglycemia in susceptible individuals
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Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2016 |
Neuronal Deletion of Ghrelin Receptor Almost Completely Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity
JH Lee, L Lin, P Xu, K Saito, Q Wei, AG Meadows, OY Bongmba, G Pradhan, H Zheng, Y Xu, Y Sun |
Diabetes | 2016 |
Acylated but not des-acyl ghrelin is neuroprotective in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease
JA Bayliss, M Lemus, VV Santos, M Deo, JD Elsworth, ZB Andrews |
Journal of Neurochemistry | 2016 |
Butyrylcholinesterase Deficiency Promotes Adipose Tissue Growth and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Male Mice on High-Fat Diet
VP Chen, Y Gao, L Geng, MB Stout, MD Jensen, S Brimijoin |
Endocrinology | 2016 |
Clinical and molecular cytogenetic analyses of four patients with imbalanced translocations
HY Liu, J Huang, T Li, D Wu, HD Wang, Y Wang, T Wang, LJ Guo, QN Guo, FF Huang, RL Wang, YT Wang |
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Ghrelin
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Molecular Metabolism | 2015 |
Genetic determination of the cellular basis of the ghrelin-dependent bone remodeling
C Ma, T Fukuda, H Ochi, S Sunamura, C Xu, R Xu, A Okawa, S Takeda |
Molecular Metabolism | 2015 |
Ghrelin-ghrelin O-acyltransferase system in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Shao-Ren Zhang, Xiao-Ming Fan |
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG | 2015 |
Cognitive and autonomic determinants of energy homeostasis in obesity
D Richard |
Nature Reviews Endocrinology | 2015 |
Ghrelin-Related Peptides Exert Protective Effects in the Cerebral Circulation of Male Mice Through a Nonclassical Ghrelin Receptor(s)
JM Ku, ZB Andrews, T Barsby, A Reichenbach, MB Lemus, GR Drummond, MW Sleeman, SJ Spencer, CG Sobey, AA Miller |
Endocrinology | 2015 |
Peptides and Food Intake
CS Crespo, AP Cachero, LP Jiménez, V Barrios, EA Ferreiro |
Frontiers in Endocrinology | 2014 |
Hormonal regulation of the hypothalamic melanocortin system
JD Kim, S Leyva, S Diano |
Frontiers in physiology | 2014 |
Neonatal events, such as androgenization and postnatal overfeeding, modify the response to ghrelin
MG Novelle, MJ Vázquez, KD Martinello, MA Sanchez-Garrido, M Tena-Sempere, C Diéguez |
Scientific Reports | 2014 |
Altered ghrelin secretion in mice in response to diet-induced obesity and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
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Molecular Metabolism | 2014 |
Assessing Interactions Between Ghsr and Mc3r Reveals a Role for AgRP in the Expression of Food Anticipatory Activity in Male Mice
C Girardet, M Mavrikaki, MR Southern, RG Smith, AA Butler |
Endocrinology | 2014 |
Ghrelin Receptor Regulates Appetite and Satiety during Aging in Mice by Regulating Meal Frequency and Portion Size but Not Total Food Intake
L Lin, AM Nuotio-Antar, X Ma, F Liu, ML Fiorotto, Y Sun |
The Journal of nutrition | 2014 |
A link between FTO, ghrelin and impaired brain food-cue responsivity
Efthimia Karra, Owen O'Daly, Agharul Choudhury, Ahmed Yousseif, Steven Millership, Marianne Neary, William Scott, Keval Chandarana, Sean Manning, Martin Hess, Hiroshi Iwakura, Takashi Akamizu, Queensta Millet, Cigdem Gelegen, Megan Drew, Sofia Rahman, Julian Emmanuel, Steven Williams, Ulrich Rüther, Jens Bruening, Dominic Withers, Fernando Zelaya, Rachel Batterham |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2013 |
The central nervous system sites mediating the orexigenic actions of ghrelin
BL Mason, Q Wang, JM Zigman |
Annual Review of Physiology | 2013 |
Structure and Physiological Actions of Ghrelin
C Delporte |
Scientifica | 2013 |
Altered lipid and salt taste responsivity in ghrelin and GOAT null mice
H Cai, WN Cong, CM Daimon, R Wang, MH Tschöp, J Sévigny, B Martin, S Maudsley |
PloS one | 2013 |
Ghrelin and eating behavior: evidence and insights from genetically-modified mouse models
A Uchida, JM Zigman, M Perelló |
Frontiers in neuroscience | 2013 |
Ablation of ghrelin O-acyltransferase does not improve glucose intolerance or body adiposity in mice on a leptin-deficient ob/ob background
H Kirchner, KM Heppner, J Holland, D Kabra, MH Tschöp, PT Pfluger |
PloS one | 2013 |
Chronic central ghrelin infusion reduces blood pressure and heart rate despite increasing appetite and promoting weight gain in normotensive and hypertensive rats
JN Freeman, JM Carmo, AH Adi, AA da Silva |
Peptides | 2013 |
Ghrelin: central and peripheral implications in anorexia nervosa
M Méquinion, F Langlet, S Zgheib, S Dickson, B Dehouck, C Chauveau, O Viltart |
Frontiers in Endocrinology | 2013 |
Obesity pharmacotherapy: current perspectives and future directions.
Misra M |
Current cardiology reviews | 2013 |
Obesity vaccines.
Monteiro MP |
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics | 2013 |
The Effects of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Rodents Are Ghrelin Independent
AP Chambers, H Kirchner, HE Wilson-Perez, JA Willency, JE Hale, BD Gaylinn, MO Thorner, PT Pfluger, JA Gutierrez, MH Tschöp, DA Sandoval, RJ Seeley |
Gastroenterology | 2012 |
Ghrelin and the central regulation of feeding and energy balance
A Abizaid, TL Horvath |
Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism | 2012 |
The role of ghrelin in reward-based eating
M Perelló, JM Zigman |
Biological Psychiatry | 2012 |
Ablation of ghrelin receptor in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice has paradoxical effects on glucose homeostasis when compared with ablation of ghrelin in ob/ob mice
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American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism | 2012 |
Scientific side trips: six excursions from the beaten path
MS Brown, JL Goldstein |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 2012 |
Role of SST, CORT and ghrelin and its receptors at the endocrine pancreas
B Chanclón, AJ Martínez-Fuentes, F Gracia-Navarro |
Frontiers in Endocrinology | 2012 |
Role of Ghrelin in the Pathophysiology of Eating Disorders: Implications for Pharmacotherapy
SC Cano, M Merkestein, KP Skibicka, SL Dickson, RA Adan |
CNS Drugs | 2012 |
Appetite regulation and weight control: the role of gut hormones
B Perry, Y Wang |
Nutrition and Diabetes | 2012 |
Metabolic and Hormonal Changes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Randomized, Prospective Trial
R Peterli, RE Steinert, B Woelnerhanssen, T Peters, C Christoffel-Courtin, M Gass, B Kern, M Fluee, C Beglinger |
Obesity Surgery | 2012 |
Ghrelin's second life: From appetite stimulator to glucose regulator
PJ Verhulst, I Depoortere |
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG | 2012 |
Postprandial inhibition of gastric ghrelin secretion by long-chain fatty acid through GPR120 in isolated gastric ghrelin cells and mice
X Lu, X Zhao, J Feng, AP Liou, S Anthony, S Pechhold, Y Sun, H Lu, S Wank |
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology | 2012 |
Profound hypoglycemia in starved, ghrelin-deficient mice is caused by decreased gluconeogenesis and reversed by lactate or fatty acids
RL Li, DP Sherbet, BL Elsbernd, JL Goldstein, MS Brown, TJ Zhao |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 2012 |
Ghrelin and Eating Disorders
D Atalayer, C Gibson, A Konopacka, A Geliebter |
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry | 2012 |
Hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase as a mediator of whole body energy balance
PB de Morentin, CR González, AK Saha, L Martins, C Diéguez, A Vidal-Puig, M Tena-Sempere, M López |
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | 2011 |
Deficiency of PTP1B in POMC neurons leads to alterations in energy balance and homeostatic response to cold exposure
BC de Jonghe, MR Hayes, R Banno, KP Skibicka, DJ Zimmer, KA Bowen, TM Leichner, AL Alhadeff, SE Kanoski, NE Cyr, EA Nillni, HJ Grill, KK Bence |
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism | 2011 |
Ablations of Ghrelin and Ghrelin Receptor Exhibit Differential Metabolic Phenotypes and Thermogenic Capacity during Aging
X Ma, L Lin, G Qin, X Lu, M Fiorotto, VD Dixit, Y Sun, K Stadler |
PloS one | 2011 |
Characterization of the insulin sensitivity of ghrelin receptor KO mice using glycemic clamps
Y Qi, KA Longo, DJ Giuliana, S Gagne, T McDonagh, E Govek, A Nolan, C Zou, K Morgan, J Hixon, JO Saunders, PS Distefano, BJ Geddes |
BMC Physiology | 2011 |
Physiological roles revealed by ghrelin and ghrelin receptor deficient mice
RG Albarran-Zeckler, Y Sun, RG Smith |
Peptides | 2011 |
Functional implications of limited leptin receptor and ghrelin receptor coexpression in the brain
M Perello, MM Scott, I Sakata, CE Lee, JC Chuang, S Osborne-Lawrence, SA Rovinsky, JK Elmquist, JM Zigman |
The Journal of Comparative Neurology | 2011 |
Effect of ghrelin receptor antagonist on meal patterns in cholecystokinin type 1 receptor null mice
J Lee, E Martin, G Paulino, G Lartigue, HE Raybould |
Physiology & Behavior | 2011 |
Neuroprotective Actions of Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Secretagogues
LM Frago, E Baquedano, J Argente, JA Chowen |
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience | 2011 |
Oligoclonal antibody targeting ghrelin increases energy expenditure and reduces food intake in fasted mice
JS Zakhari, EP Zorrilla, B Zhou, AV Mayorov, KD Janda |
Molecular Pharmaceutics | 2011 |
Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of (S)-6-(4-fluorophenoxy)-3-((1-[11C]methylpiperidin-3-yl)methyl)-2-o-tolylquinazolin-4(3H)-one, a potential PET tracer for growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)
R Potter, AG Horti, HT Ravert, DP Holt, P Finley, U Scheffel, RF Dannals, RL Wahl |
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | 2011 |
Ghrelin secretion stimulated by {beta}1-adrenergic receptors in cultured ghrelinoma cells and in fasted mice
TJ Zhao, I Sakata, RL Li, G Liang, JA Richardson, MS Brown, JL Goldstein, JM Zigman |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2010 |
Integrating GHS into the Ghrelin System
JD Veldhuis, CY Bowers |
International Journal of Peptides | 2010 |
Uncoupling protein-2 decreases the lipogenic actions of ghrelin
ZB Andrews, DM Erion, R Beiler, CS Choi, GI Shulman, TL Horvath |
Endocrinology | 2010 |
Ghrelin is produced in taste cells and ghrelin receptor null mice show reduced taste responsivity to salty (NaCl) and sour (citric acid) tastants
YK Shin, B Martin, W Kim, CM White, S Ji, Y Sun, RG Smith, J Sévigny, MH Tschöp, S Maudsley, JM Egan |
PloS one | 2010 |
Effect of Ghrelin on Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis: Therapeutic Implications
S Sangiao-Alvarellos, F Cordido |
International Journal of Peptides | 2010 |
Ghrelin effects on neuropeptides in the rat hypothalamus depend on fatty acid metabolism actions on BSX but not on gender
R Lage, MJ Vázquez, L Varela, AK Saha, A Vidal-Puig, R Nogueiras, C Diéguez, M López |
The FASEB Journal | 2010 |
Ghrelin receptor signaling: a promising therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction.
Cong WN, Golden E, Pantaleo N, White CM, Maudsley S, Martin B |
CNS & neurological disorders drug targets | 2010 |
Requirement of central ghrelin signaling for alcohol reward
E Jerlhag, E Egecioglu, S Landgren, N Salomé, M Heilig, D Moechars, R Datta, D Perrissoud, SL Dickson, JA Engel |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2009 |
The role of liver-derived insulin-like growth factor-I
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Endocrine reviews | 2009 |
Central ghrelin regulates peripheral lipid metabolism in a growth hormone-independent fashion
S Sangiao-Alvarellos, MJ Vázquez, L Varela, R Nogueiras, AK Saha, F Cordido, M López, C Diéguez |
Endocrinology | 2009 |
Increased expression of receptors for orexigenic factors in nodose ganglion of diet-induced obese rats
G Paulino, CB de la Serre, TA Knotts, PJ Oort, JW Newman, SH Adams, HE Raybould |
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism | 2009 |
Mice with hyperghrelinemia are hyperphagic and glucose intolerant and have reduced leptin sensitivity
GA Bewick, A Kent, D Campbell, M Patterson, MA Ghatei, SR Bloom, JV Gardiner |
Diabetes | 2009 |
Constitutive activation of G protein-coupled receptors and diseases: insights into mechanisms of activation and therapeutics
YX Tao |
Pharmacology & Therapeutics | 2008 |
Central nervous system regulation of energy metabolism: ghrelin versus leptin
R Nogueiras, MH Tschöp, JM Zigman |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 2008 |
Central and peripheral regulation of food intake and physical activity: pathways and genes
NR Lenard, HR Berthoud |
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) | 2008 |
Enteroendocrine cells: neglected players in gastrointestinal disorders?
GW Moran, FC Leslie, SE Levison, J Worthington, JT McLaughlin |
Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology | 2008 |
Catalytic antibody degradation of ghrelin increases whole-body metabolic rate and reduces refeeding in fasting mice
AV Mayorov, N Amara, JY Chang, JA Moss, MS Hixon, DI Ruiz, MM Meijler, EP Zorrilla, KD Janda |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2008 |
Altered response to metabolic challenges in mice with genetically targeted deletions of galanin-like peptide
HM Lemko, DK Clifton, RA Steiner, GS Fraley |
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism | 2008 |
Ghrelin concentrations in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) infants and children: changes during development
AM Haqq, SC Grambow, M Muehlbauer, CB Newgard, LP Svetkey, AL Carrel, JA Yanovski, JQ Purnell, M Freemark |
Clinical Endocrinology | 2008 |
Inhibition of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) by octanoylated pentapeptides
J Yang, TJ Zhao, JL Goldstein, MS Brown |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2008 |
Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase
JA Gutierrez, PJ Solenberg, DR Perkins, JA Willency, MD Knierman, Z Jin, DR Witcher, S Luo, JE Onyia, JE Hale |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2008 |
Changes of ghrelin following oral glucose tolerance test in obese children with insulin resistance
XM Wang, YJ Jiang, L Liang, LZ Du |
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG | 2008 |
Bsx, a Novel Hypothalamic Factor Linking Feeding with Locomotor Activity, Is Regulated by Energy Availability
R Nogueiras, M López, R Lage, D Perez-Tilve, P Pfluger, H Mendieta-Zerón, M Sakkou, P Wiedmer, SC Benoit, R Datta, JZ Dong, M Culler, M Sleeman, A Vidal-Puig, T Horvath, M Treier, C Diéguez, MH Tschöp |
Endocrinology | 2008 |
GOAT: A Stomach Enzyme That Whets Our Appetite
H Kirchner, R Nogueiras |
Obesity facts | 2008 |
Bariatric surgery for extreme adolescent obesity: Indications, outcomes, and physiologic effects on the gut–brain axis
SA Xanthakos |
Pathophysiology | 2008 |
Ghrelin Promotes Thymopoiesis during Aging
Vishwa Deep Dixit, Hyunwon Yang, Yuxiang Sun, Ashani T. Weeraratna, Yun H. Youm, Roy G. Smith and Dennis D. Taub |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2007 |
Gastrointestinal Regulation of Food Intake
David E. Cummings, MD and Joost Overduin, PhD |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2007 |
Intro to GI Disorders series
Juanita L Merchant |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2007 |
Characterization of adult ghrelin and ghrelin receptor knockout mice under positive and negative energy balance
Y Sun, NF Butte, JM Garcia, RG Smith |
Endocrinology | 2007 |
The hormonal control of food intake
AP Coll, IS Farooqi, S O'Rahilly |
Cell | 2007 |
Obestatin Partially Affects Ghrelin Stimulation of Food Intake and Growth Hormone Secretion in Rodents
P Zizzari, R Longchamps, J Epelbaum, MT Bluet-Pajot |
Endocrinology | 2007 |
Pathophysiology of Obesity: Why Surgery Remains the Most Effective Treatment
T Waseem, KM Mogensen, DB Lautz, MK Robinson |
Obesity Surgery | 2007 |
Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism
Claudia Theander-Carrillo, Petra Wiedmer, Philippe Cettour-Rose, Ruben Nogueiras, Diego Perez-Tilve, Paul Pfluger, Tamara R. Castaneda, Patrick Muzzin, Annette Schürmann, Ildiko Szanto, Matthias H. Tschöp and Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud. |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2006 |
Ghrelin modulates the activity and synaptic input organization of midbrain dopamine neurons while promoting appetite
Alfonso Abizaid, Zhong-Wu Liu, Zane B. Andrews, Marya Shanabrough, Erzsebet Borok, John Elsworth, Robert H. Roth, Mark Sleeman, Marina Piccioto, Matthias Tschop, Xiao-Bing Gao and Tamas L. Horvath |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2006 |
In search of an effective obesity treatment: a shot in the dark or a shot in the arm?
JM Zigman, JK Elmquist |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2006 |
Vaccination against weight gain
EP Zorrilla, S Iwasaki, JA Moss, J Chang, J Otsuji, K Inoue, MM Meijler, KD Janda |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2006 |
Ghrelin receptor mutations — too little height and too much hunger
B Holst, TW Schwartz |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2006 |
Circulating ghrelin concentrations are lowered by intracerebroventricular insulin
M Ueno, JB Carvalheira, RL Oliveira, LA Velloso, MJ Saad |
Diabetologia | 2006 |
Mice Lacking Ghrelin Receptors Resist the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity
Jeffrey M. Zigman, Yoshihide Nakano, Roberto Coppari, Nina Balthasar, Jacob N. Marcus, Charlotte E. Lee, Juli E. Jones, Amy E. Deysher, Amanda R. Waxman, Ryan D. White, Todd D. Williams, Jennifer L. Lachey, Randy J. Seeley, Bradford B. Lowell, Joel K. Elmquist |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2005 |
Is ghrelin a signal for the development of metabolic systems?
KL Grove, MA Cowley |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2005 |