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Citations to this article

Lewis X component in human milk binds DC-SIGN and inhibits HIV-1 transfer to CD4+ T lymphocytes
Marloes A. Naarding, … , Georgios Pollakis, William A. Paxton
Marloes A. Naarding, … , Georgios Pollakis, William A. Paxton
Published November 1, 2005
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2005;115(11):3256-3264. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI25105.
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Research Article AIDS/HIV Article has an altmetric score of 8

Lewis X component in human milk binds DC-SIGN and inhibits HIV-1 transfer to CD4+ T lymphocytes

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Abstract

DC-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), which is expressed on DCs, can interact with a variety of pathogens such as HIV-1, hepatitis C, Ebola, cytomegalovirus, Dengue virus, Mycobacterium, Leishmania, and Candida albicans. We demonstrate that human milk can inhibit the DC-SIGN–mediated transfer of HIV-1 to CD4+ T lymphocytes as well as viral transfer by both immature and mature DCs. The inhibitory factor directly interacted with DC-SIGN and prevented the HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein from binding to the receptor. The human milk proteins lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, β-casein, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor did not bind DC-SIGN or demonstrate inhibition of viral transfer. The inhibitory effect could be fully alleviated with an Ab recognizing the Lewis X (LeX) sugar epitope, commonly found in human milk. LeX in polymeric form or conjugated to protein could mimic the inhibitory activity, whereas free LeX sugar epitopes could not. We reveal that a LeX motif present in human milk can bind to DC-SIGN and thereby prevent the capture and subsequent transfer of HIV-1 to CD4+ T lymphocytes. The presence of such a DC-SIGN–binding molecule in human milk may both influence antigenic presentation and interfere with pathogen transfer in breastfed infants.

Authors

Marloes A. Naarding, Irene S. Ludwig, Fedde Groot, Ben Berkhout, Teunis B.H. Geijtenbeek, Georgios Pollakis, William A. Paxton

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Total citations by year

Year: 2025 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Total
Citations: 2 3 3 4 3 4 6 6 2 9 3 3 8 4 3 2 3 5 2 75
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