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T cell receptor signaling induces expression of lysine demethylase KDM6B to maintain Treg homeostasis
Minghong He, Beisi Xu, Pria G. Bose, Morgan J. McCullough, Rani S. Sellers, Xinying Zong, Wenjie Qi, Brianna L. Banten, Miriya K. Tune, Matthew P. Zimmerman, Genevieve Mullins, Brian C. Miller, J. Justin Milner, Jason K. Whitmire, Ageliki Tsagaratou, Karl B. Shpargel, Claire M. Doerschuk, Yong-Dong Wang, Jacob A. Steele, Shondra M. Pruett-Miller, Yongqiang Feng, Jason R. Mock
Minghong He, Beisi Xu, Pria G. Bose, Morgan J. McCullough, Rani S. Sellers, Xinying Zong, Wenjie Qi, Brianna L. Banten, Miriya K. Tune, Matthew P. Zimmerman, Genevieve Mullins, Brian C. Miller, J. Justin Milner, Jason K. Whitmire, Ageliki Tsagaratou, Karl B. Shpargel, Claire M. Doerschuk, Yong-Dong Wang, Jacob A. Steele, Shondra M. Pruett-Miller, Yongqiang Feng, Jason R. Mock
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Research Article Immunology Pulmonology

T cell receptor signaling induces expression of lysine demethylase KDM6B to maintain Treg homeostasis

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Abstract

Tregs expressing forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) play crucial roles in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue integrity. EZH2, a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methyltransferase, is known as a key regulator of Treg identity and suppressive function upon activation. Here, we demonstrate that the H3K27 lysine demethylase KDM6B, which catalyzes the opposing reaction to EZH2, is also required for Treg identity and function after activation. Treg-specific deletion of Kdm6b impaired tissue Treg fate and function. KDM6B was upregulated after T cell antigen receptor signaling in Tregs and contributed to the regulation of Treg-associated gene expression through both direct and indirect mechanisms. A subset of Treg functional genes were direct targets of KDM6B and were co-occupied by FOXP3 at cis-regulatory regions, where KDM6B recruitment limited H3K27me3 accumulation. More broadly, KDM6B-dependent H3K27 demethylation facilitated Treg gene expression programs that supported tissue Treg homeostasis.

Authors

Minghong He, Beisi Xu, Pria G. Bose, Morgan J. McCullough, Rani S. Sellers, Xinying Zong, Wenjie Qi, Brianna L. Banten, Miriya K. Tune, Matthew P. Zimmerman, Genevieve Mullins, Brian C. Miller, J. Justin Milner, Jason K. Whitmire, Ageliki Tsagaratou, Karl B. Shpargel, Claire M. Doerschuk, Yong-Dong Wang, Jacob A. Steele, Shondra M. Pruett-Miller, Yongqiang Feng, Jason R. Mock

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Figure 1

KDM6B is enriched in proximity to FOXP3 in response to TCR signaling and required for in vivo Treg fitness.

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KDM6B is enriched in proximity to FOXP3 in response to TCR signaling and...
(A) Comparison of total (x axis) versus FOXP3-proximal (y axis) levels of epigenetic regulators in induced Tregs with or without TCR stimulation (anti-CD3/CD28) (28). (B) Schematic of in vivo CRISPR screen. A retroviral sgRNA library targeting 21 FOXP3-proximal epigenetic regulators whose proteins were differentially represented in proximity to FOXP3 (in A), plus Zap70 and Il2ra, was transduced into Tregs from Foxp3gfp RosaCas9 mice. After 3–4 days of in vitro expansion, these CD45.2+ cells were sorted, and GFP+ Tregs were cotransferred with total CD45.1+ CD4+ T cells, including Tregs, into Rag1–/– mice. Then, 2 weeks later, cells were recovered from spleens, lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and small and large intestines. CD45.2+GFP+ Tregs were sorted to assess sgRNA representation by high-throughput sequencing. (C) Fold changes (FCs) of sgRNAs targeting genes identified by FOXP3 PSI in Tregs recovered from lymphoid (spleen and lymph nodes) and nonlymphoid organs (liver, lung, small and large intestines) after CRISPR deletion and adaptation in Rag1–/– mice, as described in B. Data are summarized from 4 biological replicates. Read counts of 4 sgRNAs targeting the same gene were combined for a paired Student’s t test by comparing with NCs. Log2 FCs were determined by comparing recovered cells and inputs. (D) Kdm6b expression in induced Tregs was quantified by RNA-Seq under conditions with or without TCR stimulation. Data are reported as the mean ± SD (n = 2); DESeq2 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction (***q < 0.001). (E) Log2(TPM) Kdm6b expression (RNA-Seq) in control and Foxp3 CRISPR-deleted rTregs with or without TCR restimulation. DESeq2 with Benjamini-Hochberg correction (****q < 0.0001). TPM, transcripts per million RNA molecules.

Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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