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Citations to this article

Hearts apart: sex differences in cardiac remodeling in health and disease
Thomas G. Martin, Leslie A. Leinwand
Thomas G. Martin, Leslie A. Leinwand
Published July 1, 2024
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2024;134(13):e180074. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI180074.
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Hearts apart: sex differences in cardiac remodeling in health and disease

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Abstract

Biological sex is an important modifier of physiology and influences pathobiology in many diseases. While heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide in both men and women, sex differences exist at the organ and cellular scales, affecting clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. In this Review, we highlight baseline sex differences in cardiac structure, function, and cellular signaling and discuss the contribution of sex hormones and chromosomes to these characteristics. The heart is a remarkably plastic organ and rapidly responds to physiological and pathological cues by modifying form and function. The nature and extent of cardiac remodeling in response to these stimuli are often dependent on biological sex. We discuss organ- and molecular-level sex differences in adaptive physiological remodeling and pathological cardiac remodeling from pressure and volume overload, ischemia, and genetic heart disease. Finally, we offer a perspective on key future directions for research into cardiac sex differences.

Authors

Thomas G. Martin, Leslie A. Leinwand

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Total citations by year

Year: 2025 2024 Total
Citations: 5 7 12
Citation information
This citation data is accumulated from CrossRef, which receives citation information from participating publishers, including this journal. Not all publishers participate in CrossRef, so this information is not comprehensive. Additionally, data may not reflect the most current citations to this article, and the data may differ from citation information available from other sources (for example, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus).

Citations to this article (12)

Title and authors Publication Year
Sex-Specific Analysis of the Relationship Between Ventricular Premature Contractions Frequency Distribution and Heart Rate: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Adults
Li Z, Fang Y, Wu J, Ma W
International Journal of General Medicine 2025
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function of Centenarians: A Systematic Review
Sonaglioni A, Nicolosi GL, Muti-Schünemann GE, Polymeropoulos A, Lombardo M, Muti P
Geriatrics 2025
Sex Differences in Circulating Inflammatory, Immune, and Tissue Growth Markers Associated with Fabry Disease-Related Cardiomyopathy
Ivanova MM, Dao J, Friedman A, Kasaci N, Goker-Alpan O
Cells 2025
Association between body composition components and electrocardiogram parameters: results from the Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS)
Sharafi M, Afrashteh S, Farjam M, Keshavarzian O, Annabi Toolgilani MA, Aboughadare H, Dastmanedh S, Moghaddam MT
European Journal of Medical Research 2025
Sexually dimorphic cardiovascular impacts of prenatal exposure to a real-life environmental chemical mixture in adult offspring
Khan NM, Scott V, Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei M, Padmanabhan V, Vyas A, Evans NP, Bellingham M
Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2025
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases: Exploring the Role of Microbiota and Immunity
Franza L, Caldarelli M, Villani ER, Cianci R
Biomedicines 2024
USP20 deletion promotes eccentric cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload and increases mortality
Jean-Charles PY, Roy B, Yu SM, Pironti G, Nagi K, Mao L, Kaur S, Abraham DM, Maudsley S, Rockman HA, Shenoy SK
American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2024
The Macrophage–Fibroblast Dipole in the Context of Cardiac Repair and Fibrosis
Psarras S
Biomolecules 2024
Maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics induces sex-specific cardiotoxicity in offspring mice
Chen X, Huang S, Wang L, Liu K, Wu H
Heliyon 2024
Females at a Clear Disadvantage with Postoperative Myocardial Infarction Symptoms
Guethoff S, Kraft R, Riege M, Grinninger C, Krajewski K
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 2024
High Glucose Sensitizes Male and Female Rat Cardiomyocytes to Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Gu R, Wang J, Morin J, Lu A, Liang W
Biomolecules 2024
Proteomics of left ventricular structure in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Peterson TE, Lima JA, Shah SJ, Bluemke DA, Bertoni AG, Liu Y, Ngo D, Varadarajan V, Mychaleckyj JC, Johnson CW, Psaty BM, Clish CB, Taylor KD, Durda P, Tracy RP, Gerszten RE, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Post WS, Pankow JS
ESC Heart Failure 2024

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Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
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