Zidovudine (AZT) inhibits HIV-1 replication in AIDS. A limiting side effect is AZT-induced toxic myopathy. Molecular changes in a rat model of AZT-induced toxic myopathy in vivo helped define pathogenetic molecular, biochemical, and ultrastructural toxic events in skeletal muscle and supported clinical and in vitro findings. After 35 d of AZT treatment, selective changes in rat striated muscle were localized ultrastructurally to mitochondria, and included swelling, cristae disruption, and myelin figures. Decreased muscle mitochondrial (mt) DNA, mtRNA, and decreased mitochondrial polypeptide synthesis in vitro were found in parallel. Mitochondrial molecular changes occurred in absence of altered abundance of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, or sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNAs. Quadriceps mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma activity was similar in both AZT-treated and control rats. In vivo findings with rats support the hypothesis that AZT-induced inhibition of mtDNA replication has an effect of depressing the abundance of striated muscle mtDNA, mtRNA, and mitochondrial polypeptide synthesis. This experimental approach may be useful to examine mitochondrial or toxic myopathies.
W Lewis, B Gonzalez, A Chomyn, T Papoian
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Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis | 2007 |
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Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology | 2004 |
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Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science Second Edition Animal Models Volume III | 2004 |
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Physical therapy | 2004 |
Use of the transgenic mouse in models of AIDS cardiomyopathy
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AIDS | 2003 |
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy: experimental clarifications and persistent clinical questions
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Antiviral Research | 2003 |
Evaluation of mitochondrial DNA content and enzyme levels in tenofovir DF-treated rats, rhesus monkeys and woodchucks
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Antiviral Research | 2003 |
Deficit in cytochrome c oxidase activity induced in rat sperm mitochondria by in vivo exposure to zidovudine
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International Journal of Andrology | 2003 |
The selective in vitro cytotoxicity of carcinoma cells by AZT is enhanced by concurrent treatment with delocalized lipophilic cations
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Cancer Letters | 2003 |
Toxic Effects of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on the Liver: Value of Electron Microscopy Analysis for the Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Cytopathy
JP van MD, AL MD, CP MD, MF Bélair, DB MD, GG MD, LW PhD, RJ MD, MD PhD, PB MD |
American Journal of Clinical Pathology | 2003 |
Impaired oxygen on-kinetics in persons with human immunodeficiency virus are not due to highly active antiretroviral therapy
WT Cade, LE Fantry, SR Nabar, DK Shaw, RE Keyser |
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | 2003 |
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Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | 2003 |
Frontiers in Viral Hepatitis
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Frontiers in Viral Hepatitis | 2003 |
Mitochondrial DNA replication, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and AIDS cardiomyopathy
W Lewis |
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases | 2003 |
Defective mitochondrial DNA replication and NRTIs: pathophysiological implications in AIDS cardiomyopathy
W Lewis |
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology | 2003 |
Mitochondrial toxicity of nrti antiviral drugs: an integrated cellular perspective
W Lewis, BJ Day, WC Copeland |
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery | 2003 |
Toxicity of Nucleoside Analogues Used to Treat AIDS and the Selectivity of the Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase
H Lee, J Hanes, KA Johnson |
Biochemistry | 2003 |
Targeted myocardial transgenic expression of HIV Tat causes cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial damage
SM Raidel, C Haase, NR Jansen, RB Russ, RL Sutliff, LW Velsor, BJ Day, BD Hoit, AM Samarel, W Lewis |
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology | 2002 |
Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy | 2002 |
Changes in Mitochondrial DNA as a Marker of Nucleoside Toxicity in HIV-Infected Patients
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New England Journal of Medicine | 2002 |
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Blue Books of Practical Neurology | 2002 |
Recent Advances in Nucleosides: Chemistry and Chemotherapy
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Recent Advances in Nucleosides: Chemistry and Chemotherapy | 2002 |
Mitochondrial dysfunction and antiretroviral nucleoside analog toxicities: what is the evidence?
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Mitochondrion | 2002 |
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors impair endothelium-dependent relaxation by increasing superoxide
RL Sutliff, S Dikalov, D Weiss, J Parker, S Raidel, AK Racine, R Russ, CP Haase, WR Taylor, W Lewis |
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology | 2002 |
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Causes Cardiomyopathy and Elevates Plasma Lactate in Transgenic AIDS Mice
W Lewis, CP Haase, SM Raidel, RB Russ, RL Sutliff, BD Hoit, AM Samarel |
Laboratory Investigation | 2001 |
Defects of intergenomic communication: autosomal disorders that cause multiple deletions and depletion of mitochondrial DNA
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 2001 |
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Nucleosides Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids | 2001 |
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Laboratory Investigation | 2001 |
Mitochondrial Alterations with Mitochondrial DNA Depletion in the Nerves of AIDS Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by 2′3′-Dideoxycytidine (ddC)
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Laboratory Investigation | 2001 |
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Biochemical Pharmacology | 2001 |
Mitochondria in the pathogenesis of lipodystrophy induced by anti-HIV antiretroviral drugs: actors or bystanders?: Challenges
A Cossarizza, C Mussini, A Viganò |
BioEssays | 2001 |
Peripheral neuropathy and antiretroviral drugs
MC Dalakas |
Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS | 2001 |
Antiviral l -Nucleosides Specific for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
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Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy | 2001 |
Defects of Intergenomic Communication: Where Do We Stand?
M Hirano, TH Vu |
Brain Pathology | 2000 |
Cardiac Dysfunction Occurs in the HIV-1 Transgenic Mouse Treated with Zidovudine
W Lewis, IL Grupp, G Grupp, B Hoit, R Morris, AM Samarel, L Bruggeman, P Klotman |
Laboratory Investigation | 2000 |
Fetal Mitochondrial Heart and Skeletal Muscle Damage inErythrocebus patasMonkeys Exposedin Uteroto 3'-Azido-3'-Deoxythymidine
M Gerschenson, SW Erhart, CY Paik, MC st. Claire, K Nagashima, B Skopets, SW Harbaugh, JW Harbaugh, W Quan, MC Poirier |
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses | 2000 |
Fetal Patas Monkeys Sustain Mitochondrial Toxicity As a Result of in Utero Zidovudine Exposure
M Gerschenson, MC Poirier |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 2000 |
Functional aerobic impairment in adolescents seropositive for HIV: A quasiexperimental analysis
RE Keyser, L Peralta, WT Cade, S Miller, J Anixt |
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | 2000 |
Atherosclerosis in AIDS: Potential Pathogenetic Roles of Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV
W Lewis |
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology | 2000 |
Cardiomyopathy in AIDS: A pathophysiological perspective
W Lewis |
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases | 2000 |
Effect of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluracil on mitochondrial functions in HepG2 cells
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Antiviral Research | 1999 |
Zidovudine-induced experimental myopathy: dual mechanism of mitochondrial damage
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Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 1999 |
Zidovudine (AZT) causes an oxidation of mitochondrial DNA in mouse liver: Zidovudine (AZT) Causes an Oxidation of Mitochondrial DNA in Mouse Liver
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Hepatology | 1999 |
AZT treatment induces molecular and ultrastructural oxidative damage to muscle mitochondria. Prevention by antioxidant vitamins
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Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1998 |
Mitochondrial sensitivity to AZT
LF Pereira, MB Oliveira, EG Carnieri |
Cell Biochemistry and Function | 1998 |
Clinical, histological and molecular reversibility of zidovudine myopathy
F Masanés, A Barrientos, M Cebrián, E Pedrol, O Miró, J Casademont, JM Grau |
Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 1998 |
Increased plasma Gln and Leu Ra and inappropriately low muscle protein synthesis rate in AIDS wasting
KE Yarasheski, JJ Zachwieja, J Gischler, J Crowley, MM Horgan, WG Powderly |
The American journal of physiology | 1998 |
Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle
AZ Reznick, L Packer, CK Sen, JO Holloszy, MJ Jackson |
1998 | |
Characterization of the Native and Recombinant Catalytic Subunit of Human DNA Polymerase γ: Identification of Residues Critical for Exonuclease Activity and Dideoxynucleotide Sensitivity
MJ Longley, PA Ropp, SE Lim, WC Copeland |
Biochemistry | 1998 |
Differential effects of zidovudine and zidovudine triphosphate on mitochondrial permeability transition and oxidative phosphorylation
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British Journal of Pharmacology | 1997 |
Mitochondrial disorders
S DiMauro, K Tanji |
The Japanese Journal of Human Genetics | 1997 |
Stavudine:pharmacology,clinical use and future role
GJ Moyle |
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs | 1997 |
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Protein Potentiates Zidovudine-Induced Cellular Toxicity In Transgenic Mice
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Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics | 1997 |
Insensitivity of cultured rat cortical neurons to mitochondrial DNA synthesis inhibitors
GJ Wang, LM Nutter, SA Thayer |
Biochemical Pharmacology | 1997 |
Cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI) and zalcitabine (ddC) on cultured human muscle cells
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Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 1997 |
Carnitine Today
CD Simone, G Famularo |
1997 | |
Death of Bystander Cells by a Novel Pathway Involving Early Mitochondrial Damage in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Lymphadenopathy
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Blood | 1997 |
Mechanisms for the anti-hepatitis B virus activity and mitochondrial toxicity of fialuridine (FIAU)
JM Colacino |
Antiviral Research | 1996 |
Fialuridine and its metabolites inhibit DNA polymerase gamma at sites of multiple adjacent analog incorporation, decrease mtDNA abundance, and cause mitochondrial structural defects in cultured hepatoblasts
W Lewis, ES Levine, B Griniuviene, KO Tankersley, JM Colacino, JP Sommadossi, KA Watanabe, FW Perrino |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 1996 |
AZT Incorporation into Mitochondria: Study in a Human Myeloid Cell Line
NJ Nusbaum, PE Joseph |
DNA and Cell Biology | 1996 |
Hepatic Morphological Alterations Induced by Zidovudine (ZDV) in an Experimental Model
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Pathology - Research and Practice | 1996 |
Incorporation of fialuridine (FIAU) into mitochondrial DNA and effects of FIAU on the morphology of mitochondria in human hepatoblastoma cells
JM Colacino, JW Horn, DM Horn, FC Richardson |
Toxicology in Vitro | 1996 |
Effect of β-enantiomeric and racemic nucleoside analogues on mitochondrial functions in HepG2 cells
L Cui, RF Schinazi, G Gosselin, JL Imbach, CK Chu, RF Rando, GR Revankar, JP Sommadossi |
Biochemical Pharmacology | 1996 |
Drug Evaluations: Drug Evaluation Anti-infectives: Activity and role of lamivudine in the treatment of adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: A review
G Moyle |
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs | 1996 |
Effect of zidovudine (AZT) on the structure and function of rat skeletal muscle
BG Engbretson |
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology | 1996 |
Metabolic abnormalities in skeletal muscle of patients receiving zidovudine therapy observed by 31P in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy
TM Sinnwell, K Sivakumar, S Soueidan, C Jay, JA Frank, AC McLaughlin, MC Dalakas |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1995 |
Inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation as a mechanism of hepatotoxicity
B Fromenty, D Pessayre |
Pharmacology & Therapeutics | 1995 |
Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs
W Lewis, MC Dalakas |
Nature Medicine | 1995 |
Early features of zidovudine-associated myopathy: histopathological findings and clinical correlations
EJ Cupler, C Jay, MC Dalakas, MJ Danon, M Ropka, K Hench |
Acta Neuropathologica | 1995 |
Hepatic Failure and Lactic Acidosis Due to Fialuridine (FIAU), an Investigational Nucleoside Analogue for Chronic Hepatitis B
R McKenzie, MW Fried, R Sallie, H Conjeevaram, AM di Bisceglie, Y Park, B Savarese, D Kleiner, M Tsokos, C Luciano, T Pruett, JL Stotka, SE Straus, JH Hoofnagle |
New England Journal of Medicine | 1995 |
Neurotoxicology
WB Parker, YC Cheng |
NeuroToxicology | 1995 |
The intracellular phosphorylation of (−)-2′-deoxy-3′-thiacytidine (3TC) and the incorporation of 3TC 5′-monophosphate into DNA by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and human DNA polymerase γ
NM Gray, CL Marr, CR Penn, JM Cameron, RC Bethell |
Biochemical Pharmacology | 1995 |
Synthesis of a Photoaffinity Analog of 3′-Azidothymidine, 5-Azido-3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxyuridine.: INTERACTIONS WITH HERPESVIRUS THYMIDINE KINASE AND CELLULAR ENZYMES
F Mao, TM Rechtin, R Jones, AA Cantu, LS Anderson, A Radominska, MP Moyer, RR Drake |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 1995 |
Fialuridine accumulates in DNA of dogs, monkeys, and rats following long-term oral administration
FC Richardson, JA Engelhardt, RR Bowsher |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 1994 |
Effect of fialuridine on replication of mitochondrial DNA in CEM cells and in human hepatoblastoma cells in culture
JM Colacino, SK Malcolm, SR Jaskunas |
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy | 1994 |
Expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunits encoded by mitochondrial or nuclear DNA in the muscle of patients with zidovudine myopathy
P Chariot, G Bonne, FJ Authier, C Marsac, R Gherardi |
Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 1994 |
In vitro studies of the toxicity of nucleoside analogues used in the treatment of HIV infection
OP Flint |
Toxicology in Vitro | 1994 |
Mitochondrial Disorders in Neurology
LP Rowland |
Mitochondrial Disorders in Neurology | 1994 |
Measuring the Effects of Nucleoside Analogs on Mitochondrial DNA Content Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction
MA Abbott, MD Kowolenko, GL Warner |
Toxicology Methods | 1994 |
Mammalian DNA Polymerases .alpha., .beta., .gamma., .delta., and .epsilon. Incorporate Fialuridine (FIAU) Monophosphate into DNA and Are Inhibited Competitively by FIAU Triphosphate
W Lewis, RR Meyer, JF Simpson, JM Colacino, FW Perrino |
Biochemistry | 1994 |
Cardiac mitochondrial DNA polymerase-gamma is inhibited competitively and noncompetitively by phosphorylated zidovudine
W Lewis, JF Simpson, RR Meyer |
Circulation research | 1994 |
Recent advances in the neurology of HIV infection
RK Petty |
Postgraduate medical journal | 1994 |
Cytochromec oxidase reaction improves histopathological assessment of zidovudine myopathy
P Chariot, I Monnet, R Gherardi |
Annals of Neurology | 1993 |
Alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology in chronic liver disease: Pathogenesis and potential for therapeutic intervention
S Krähenbühl |
Pharmacology & Therapeutics | 1993 |
Anthracyclines selectively decrease alpha cardiac actin mRNA abundance in the rat heart
T Papoian, W Lewis |
The American Journal of Pathology | 1992 |
Dilated cardiomyopathy in a zidovudine-treated AIDS patient
G d'Amati, W Kwan, W Lewis |
Cardiovascular Pathology | 1992 |