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Unraveling the relationship between microbial translocation and systemic immune activation in HIV infection
Liang Shan, Robert F. Siliciano
Liang Shan, Robert F. Siliciano
Published May 16, 2014
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2014;124(6):2368-2371. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI75799.
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Commentary

Unraveling the relationship between microbial translocation and systemic immune activation in HIV infection

Abstract

Chronic immune activation is a key factor in HIV-1 disease progression. The translocation of microbial products from the intestinal lumen into the systemic circulation occurs during HIV-1 infection and is associated closely with immune activation; however, it has not been determined conclusively whether microbial translocation drives immune activation or occurs as a consequence of HIV-1 infection. In an important study in this issue of the JCI, Kristoff and colleagues describe the role of microbial translocation in producing immune activation in an animal model of HIV-1 infection, SIV infection of pigtailed macaques. Blocking translocation of intestinal bacterial LPS into the circulation dramatically reduced T cell activation and proliferation, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and plasma SIV RNA levels. This study directly demonstrates that microbial translocation promotes the systemic immune activation associated with HIV-1/SIV infection.

Authors

Liang Shan, Robert F. Siliciano

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