(A) The potency and long in vivo half-lives of bNAbs may enable biannual passive administrations to protect against infection in healthy individuals at high risk of HIV-1 exposure. In the schematic shown, uninfected individuals can receive intravenous infusions of long-acting monoclonal bNAbs for prophylactic protection against HIV-1 acquisition. The plot shows the estimated peak plasma bNAb levels following infusion and extrapolates the decay based on bNAb pharmacokinetics measured in human pilot studies (21). The predicted protective plasma concentration is estimated based on NHP studies (14, 19). (B) Schematic of the natural course of HIV-1 viremia (black) and latent reservoir stability (red) with the current standard of care, highly active ART (HAART) (solid lines). The goal of the shock and kill intervention is to clear the latent reservoir and prevent viral rebound following therapy discontinuation (dotted line). (C) The shock and kill regimen indicated in B is shown schematically.