Go to JCI Insight
  • About
  • Editors
  • Consulting Editors
  • For authors
  • Publication ethics
  • Publication alerts by email
  • Advertising
  • Job board
  • Contact
  • Clinical Research and Public Health
  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • By specialty
    • COVID-19
    • Cardiology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Immunology
    • Metabolism
    • Nephrology
    • Neuroscience
    • Oncology
    • Pulmonology
    • Vascular biology
    • All ...
  • Videos
    • ASCI Milestone Awards
    • Video Abstracts
    • Conversations with Giants in Medicine
  • Reviews
    • View all reviews ...
    • The cGAS-STING pathway: DNA sensing in health and disease (Jun 2026)
    • Neurodegeneration (Mar 2026)
    • Clinical innovation and scientific progress in GLP-1 medicine (Nov 2025)
    • Pancreatic Cancer (Jul 2025)
    • Complement Biology and Therapeutics (May 2025)
    • Evolving insights into MASLD and MASH pathogenesis and treatment (Apr 2025)
    • Microbiome in Health and Disease (Feb 2025)
    • View all review series ...
  • Viewpoint
  • Collections
    • In-Press Preview
    • Clinical Research and Public Health
    • Research Letters
    • Letters to the Editor
    • Editorials
    • Commentaries
    • Editor's notes
    • Reviews
    • Viewpoints
    • 100th anniversary
    • Top read articles

  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • Specialties
  • Reviews
  • Review series
  • ASCI Milestone Awards
  • Video Abstracts
  • Conversations with Giants in Medicine
  • In-Press Preview
  • Clinical Research and Public Health
  • Research Letters
  • Letters to the Editor
  • Editorials
  • Commentaries
  • Editor's notes
  • Reviews
  • Viewpoints
  • 100th anniversary
  • Top read articles
  • About
  • Editors
  • Consulting Editors
  • For authors
  • Publication ethics
  • Publication alerts by email
  • Advertising
  • Job board
  • Contact
Perspectives on whole-organ assembly: moving toward transplantation on demand
Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez, Jason A. Wertheim, Harald C. Ott, Thomas W. Gilbert
Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez, Jason A. Wertheim, Harald C. Ott, Thomas W. Gilbert
View: Text | PDF
Science in Medicine

Perspectives on whole-organ assembly: moving toward transplantation on demand

  • Text
  • PDF
Abstract

There is an ever-growing demand for transplantable organs to replace acute and chronically damaged tissues. This demand cannot be met by the currently available donor organs. Efforts to provide an alternative source have led to the development of organ engineering, a discipline that combines cell biology, tissue engineering, and cell/organ transplantation. Over the last several years, engineered organs have been implanted into rodent recipients and have shown modest function. In this article, we summarize the most recent advances in this field and provide a perspective on the challenges of translating this promising new technology into a proven regenerative therapy.

Authors

Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez, Jason A. Wertheim, Harald C. Ott, Thomas W. Gilbert

×

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the paradigm of regenerative medicine showing the conversion of whole-organ decellularization with cellular developmental biology and biomedical engineering.

Options: View larger image (or click on image) Download as PowerPoint
Schematic representation of the paradigm of regenerative medicine showin...
Cells from nontransplantable donor organs or animal sources are removed using various chemical and enzymatic agents, usually including detergents and trypsin. Candidate cells used to repopulate these organ matrices range in developmental stages from pluripotent stem cells to mature, freshly isolated cells — though the optimal cell source for this purpose has yet to be identified. The assemblage of cells and organ scaffolds are cultured together in whole-organ bioreactors that recapitulate the body’s natural milieu, including fluid pressure, pH, dissolved oxygen, and growth factors for future clinical transplantation, or as a platform to conduct whole-organ biological and pharmacological studies.

Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

Sign up for email alerts