Recent reports have challenged the notion that retroviruses and retroviral vectors integrate randomly into the host genome. These reports pointed to a strong bias toward integration in and near gene coding regions and, for gammaretroviral vectors, around transcription start sites. Here, we report the results obtained from a large-scale mapping of 572 retroviral integration sites (RISs) isolated from cells of 9 patients with X-linked SCID (SCID-X1) treated with a retrovirus-based gene therapy protocol. Our data showed that two-thirds of insertions occurred in or very near to genes, of which more than half were highly expressed in CD34+ progenitor cells. Strikingly, one-fourth of all integrations were clustered as common integration sites (CISs). The highly significant incidence of CISs in circulating T cells and the nature of their locations indicate that insertion in many gene loci has an influence on cell engraftment, survival, and proliferation. Beyond the observed cases of insertional mutagenesis in 3 patients, these data help to elucidate the relationship between vector insertion and long-term in vivo selection of transduced cells in human patients with SCID-X1.
Annette Deichmann, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Manfred Schmidt, Alexandrine Garrigue, Martijn H. Brugman, Jingqiong Hu, Hanno Glimm, Gabor Gyapay, Bernard Prum, Christopher C. Fraser, Nicolas Fischer, Kerstin Schwarzwaelder, Maria-Luise Siegler, Dick de Ridder, Karin Pike-Overzet, Steven J. Howe, Adrian J. Thrasher, Gerard Wagemaker, Ulrich Abel, Frank J.T. Staal, Eric Delabesse, Jean-Luc Villeval, Bruce Aronow, Christophe Hue, Claudia Prinz, Manuela Wissler, Chuck Klanke, Jean Weissenbach, Ian Alexander, Alain Fischer, Christof von Kalle, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo
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Molecular Therapy | 2009 |
Sustained high-level polyclonal hematopoietic marking and transgene expression 4 years after autologous transplantation of rhesus macaques with SIV lentiviral vector-transduced CD34+ cells
YJ Kim, YS Kim, A Larochelle, G Renaud, TG Wolfsberg, R Adler, RE Donahue, P Hematti, BK Hong, J Roayaei, K Akagi, JM Riberdy, AW Nienhuis, CE Dunbar, DA Persons |
Blood | 2009 |
Comprehensive genomic access to vector integration in clinical gene therapy
R Gabriel, R Eckenberg, A Paruzynski, CC Bartholomae, A Nowrouzi, A Arens, SJ Howe, A Recchia, C Cattoglio, W Wang, K Faber, K Schwarzwaelder, R Kirsten, A Deichmann, CR Ball, KS Balaggan, RJ Yáñez-Muñoz, RR Ali, HB Gaspar, L Biasco, A Aiuti, D Cesana, E Montini, L Naldini, O Cohen-Haguenauer, F Mavilio, AJ Thrasher, H Glimm, C Kalle, W Saurin, M Schmidt |
Nature Medicine | 2009 |
Transcription factor binding sites are genetic determinants of retroviral integration in the human genome
B Felice, C Cattoglio, D Cittaro, A Testa, A Miccio, G Ferrari, L Luzi, A Recchia, F Mavilio |
PloS one | 2009 |
Long-term vector integration site analysis following retroviral mediated gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells for the treatment of HIV infection
J Hayakawa, K Washington, N Uchida, O Phang, EM Kang, MM Hsieh, JF Tisdale |
PloS one | 2009 |
Genome Areas with High Gene Density and CpG Island Neighborhood Strongly Attract Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus for Integration and Favor the Formation of Hot Spots
Y Moalic, H Félix, Y Takeuchi, A Jestin, Y Blanchard |
Journal of virology | 2009 |
Identification of a high incidence region for retroviral vector integration near exon 1 of the LMO2locus
K Yamada, T Tsukahara, K Yoshino, K Kojima, H Agawa, Y Yamashita, Y Amano, M Hatta, Y Matsuzaki, N Kurotori, K Wakui, Y Fukushima, R Osada, T Shiozawa, K Sakashita, K Koike, S Kumaki, N Tanaka, T Takeshita |
Retrovirology | 2009 |
High Incidence of Leukemia after Stem-Cell Gene Therapy in Large Animals with a HOXB4-expressing Vector
Xiao-Bing Zhang, Brian C. Beard, Grant D. Trobridge, Brent L. Wood, George E. Sale, Reeteka Sud, R. Keith Humphries, Hans-Peter Kiem |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2008 |
Insertional Oncogenesis in Four Patients after Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Therapy of SCID-X1
Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina 1,2, Alexandrine Garrigue 2, Garry.P Wang 3, Jean Soulier 4, Annick Lim 5, Estelle Morillon 2, Emmanuelle Clappier 5, Laure Caccavelli 1, Eric Delabesse 6, Kheira Beldjord 7,8, Vahid Asnafi 7,8, Elizabeth MacIntyre7,8, Isabelle Radford 8, Nicole Brousse 9, François Sigaux4, Despina Moshous10, Julia Hauer 2, Arndt Borkhardt 11, Bernd.H Belohradsky 12, Uwe Wintergerst 12, Maria.C Velez 13, Lily Leiva13, Ricardo Sorensen 13, Nicolas Wulffraat 14, Stéphane Blanche 10, Frederic.D Bushman 3, Alain Fischer *2,10, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo *1,2 |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2008 |
Insertional mutagenesis in combination with acquired somatic mutations leads to leukemogenesis following gene therapy of SCID-X1
Steven J Howe, Marc R Mansour, Kerstin Schwarzwaelder, Cynthia Bartholomae, Michael Hubank, Helena Kempski, Martijn H Brugman, Karin Pike-Overzet, Steven J Chatters, Dick de Ridder, Kimberly C Gilmour, Stuart Adams, Susannah I Thornhill, Kathryn L Parsley, Frank J.T. Staal, Rosemary E Gale, David C Linch, Jinhua Bayford, Lucie Brown, Michelle Quaye, Christine Kinnon, Philip Ancliff, David K Webb, Manfred Schmidt, Christof von Kalle, H Bobby Gaspar, Adrian J Thrasher |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2008 |
Stem Cell Marking With Promotor-deprived Self-inactivating Retroviral Vectors Does Not Lead to Induced Clonal Imbalance
K Cornils, C Lange, A Schambach, MH Brugman, R Nowak, M Lioznov, C Baum, B Fehse |
Molecular Therapy | 2008 |
Neonatal intravenous injection of a gammaretroviral vector has a low incidence of tumor induction in mice
M Tittiger, X Ma, L Xu, KP Ponder |
Human Gene Therapy | 2008 |
Reduced genotoxicity of avian sarcoma leukosis virus vectors in rhesus long-term repopulating cells compared to standard murine retrovirus vectors
J Hu, G Renaud, TJ Gomes, T Golmes, A Ferris, PC Hendrie, RE Donahue, SH Hughes, TG Wolfsberg, DW Russell, CE Dunbar |
Molecular Therapy | 2008 |
Recent advances in gene therapy for severe congenital immunodeficiency diseases
R Sokolic, C Kesserwan, F Candotti |
Current Opinion in Hematology | 2008 |
Integration site selection by retroviral vectors: molecular mechanism and clinical consequences
R Daniel, JA Smith |
Human Gene Therapy | 2008 |
Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer
A Srivastava |
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry | 2008 |
Potential genotoxicity from integration sites in CLAD dogs treated successfully with gammaretroviral vector-mediated gene therapy
M Hai, RL Adler, TR Bauer, LM Tuschong, YC Gu, X Wu, DD Hickstein |
Gene Therapy | 2008 |
Self-inactivating Gammaretroviral Vectors for Gene Therapy of X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
SI Thornhill, A Schambach, SJ Howe, M Ulaganathan, E Grassman, D Williams, B Schiedlmeier, NJ Sebire, HB Gaspar, C Kinnon, C Baum, AJ Thrasher |
Molecular Therapy | 2008 |
Gammaretrovirus-mediated correction of SCID-X1 is associated with skewed vector integration site distribution in vivo
Kerstin Schwarzwaelder*, Steven J. Howe*, Manfred Schmidt*, Martijn Brugman, Annette Deichmann, Hanno Glimm, Sonja Schmidt, Claudia Prinz, Manuela Wissler, Douglas J. S. King, Fang Zhang, Kathryn L. Parsley, Kimberly C. Gilmour, Joanna Sinclair, Jinhua Bayford, Rachel Peraj, Karin Pike-Overzet, Frank J. T. Staal, Dick de Ridder, Christine Kinnon, Ulrich Abel, Gerard Wagemaker, H. Bobby Gaspar, Adrian J. Thrasher and Christof von Kalle |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2007 |
Multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution without clonal selection in ADA-SCID patients treated with stem cell gene therapy
Alessandro Aiuti, Barbara Cassani, Grazia Andolfi, Massimiliano Mirolo, Luca Biasco, Alessandra Recchia, Fabrizia Urbinati, Cristina Valacca, Samantha Scaramuzza, Memet Aker, Shimon Slavin, Matteo Cazzola, Daniela Sartori, Alessandro Ambrosi, Clelia Di Serio, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Fulvio Mavilio, and Claudio Bordignon. |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2007 |
Retroviral integration and human gene therapy
Frederic D. Bushman |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2007 |
Gene therapy for severe combined immunodeficiency: are we there yet?
Marina Cavazzana-Calvo1,2 and Alain Fischer1,3 |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2007 |