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High prevalence of thymic tissue in adults with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.

J M McCune, … , B H Gross, R M Grant

J M McCune, … , B H Gross, R M Grant

Published June 1, 1998
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1998;101(11):2301-2308. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI2834.

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Citations to this article (197)

Title and authors	Publication	Year
Complete fatty degeneration of thymus associates with male sex, obesity and loss of circulating naïve CD8(+) T cells in a Swedish middle-aged population. Sandstedt M, Chung RWS, Skoglund C, Lundberg AK, Östgren CJ, Ernerudh J, Jonasson L	Immunity & ageing : I & A	2023
Are homeostatic mechanisms aiding the reconstitution of the T-cell pool during lymphopenia in humans? Baliu-Piqué M, Tesselaar K, Borghans JA	Frontiers in immunology	2022
Study of thymus volume and density in COVID-19 patients: Is there a correlation in terms of pulmonary CT severity score? Alicioglu B, Bayav M	The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine	2022
Protective reactive thymus hyperplasia in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome P Cuvelier, H Roux, A Couëdel-Courteille, J Dutrieux, C Naudin, BC de Muylder, R Cheynier, P Squara, S Marullo	Critical Care	2021
Incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy: Challenges of immunological non‐responders X Yang, B Su, X Zhang, Y Liu, H Wu, T Zhang	Journal of leukocyte biology	2020
Thyroid Eye Disease due to Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome as a Consequence of Antiretroviral Therapy in the Setting of AIDS R Nallu, P Madhavan, L Chirch, P Luthra	Case Reports in Endocrinology	2020
Histoarchitectural Deterioration of Lymphoid Tissues in HIV-1 Infection and in Aging RL Furler, KL Newcombe, PM Estrada, G Reyes-Terán, CH Uittenbogaart, DF Nixon	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2019
Reversal of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans GM Fahy, RT Brooke, JP Watson, Z Good, SS Vasanawala, H Maecker, MD Leipold, DT Lin, MS Kobor, S Horvath	Aging Cell	2019
Thymic Function as a Predictor of Immune Recovery in Chronically HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy R Rb-Silva, C Nobrega, C Azevedo, E Athayde, J Canto-Gomes, I Ferreira, R Cheynier, AJ Yates, A Horta, M Correia-Neves	Frontiers in immunology	2019
Thymus Imaging Detection and Size Is Inversely Associated With Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in People With HIV G Guaraldi, I Franconi, J Milic, G Besutti, I Pintassilgo, R Scaglioni, G Ligabue, N Riva, A Raimondi, M Menozzi, F Carli, S Zona, A Santoro, A Malagoli, V Borghi, P Torricelli, A Cossarizza, C Mussini	Open Forum Infectious Diseases	2019
CD8+ T cells with high TGF‑β1 expression cause lymph node fibrosis following HIV infection L Huang, J Deng, W Xu, H Wang, L Shi, F Wu, D Wu, W Nei, M Zhao, P Mao, X Zhou	Molecular medicine reports	2018
Antithymocyte globulins in renal transplantation - from lymphocyte depletion to lymphocyte activation: the doubled-edged sword J Bamoulid, T Crépin, C Courivaud, JM Rebibou, P Saas, D Ducloux	Transplantation Reviews	2017
Effects of osteopontin-enriched formula on lymphocyte subsets in the first 6 months of life: a randomized controlled trial CE West, AS Kvistgaard, JM Peerson, SM Donovan, Y Peng, B Lönnerdal	Pediatric Research	2017
T-Cell Activation Independently Associates With Immune Senescence in HIV-Infected Recipients of Long-term Antiretroviral Treatment VC Jiménez, FW Wit, M Joerink, I Maurer, AM Harskamp, J Schouten, M Prins, EM van Leeuwen, T Booiman, SG Deeks, P Reiss, NA Kootstra	The Journal of Infectious Diseases	2016
Immunosuppression and Results in Renal Transplantation J Bamoulid, O Staeck, F Halleck, D Khadzhynov, A Paliege, S Brakemeier, M Dürr, K Budde	European Urology Supplements	2016
Thymic Function Impacts the Peripheral CD4/CD8 Ratio of HIV-Infected Subjects I Rosado-Sánchez, I Herrero-Fernández, M Genebat, E Ruiz-Mateos, M Leal, YM Pacheco	Clinical Infectious Diseases	2016
Anti-thymocyte globulins in kidney transplantation: focus on current indications and long-term immunological side effects J Bamoulid, O Staeck, T Crépin, F Halleck, P Saas, S Brakemeier, D Ducloux, K Budde	Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation	2016
Clinical Virology DD Richman, RJ Whitley, FJ Hayden		2016
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Immunological Function Restoration with Lopinavir/Ritonavir Versus Efavirenz Containing Regimens in HIV-Infected Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial B Torres, NI Rallón, M Loncá, A Díaz, L Alós, E Martínez, A Cruceta, JA Arnaiz, L Leal, C Lucero, A León, M Sánchez, E Negredo, B Clotet, JM Gatell, JM Benito, F Garcia	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2014
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Palifermin (Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor) for the Treatment of Inadequate CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Recovery in Patients with HIV-1 Infection on Antiretroviral Therapy: JM Jacobson, H Wang, R Bordi, L Zheng, BH Gross, AL Landay, J Spritzler, JP Routy, C Benson, J Aberg, P Tebas, DW Haas, J Tiu, K Coughlin, L Purdue, RP Sekaly	Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)	2014
Effects of Different Antigenic Stimuli on Thymic Function and Interleukin-7/CD127 System in Patients with Chronic HIV Infection: P Castro, B Torres, A López, R González, A Vilella, JM Nicolas, T Gallart, T Pumarola, M Sánchez, M Leal, A Vallejo, JM Bayas, JM Gatell, M Plana, F García	Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)	2014
Umbilical Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation K Ballen		2014
Older HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy have B-cell expansion and attenuated CD4 cell increases with immune activation reduction: RC Kalayjian, J Spritzler, RM Matining, SA Fiscus, BH Gross, IR Francis, RB Pollard, MM Lederman, A Landay	AIDS	2013
Naive T Lymphocytes and Recent Thymic Emigrants Are Associated With HIV-1 Disease History in French Adolescents and Young Adults Infected in the Perinatal Period: The ANRS-EP38-IMMIP Study S Blanche, D Scott-Algara, JL Chenadec, C Didier, T Montange, V Avettand-Fenoel, C Rouzioux, A Melard, JP Viard, C Dollfus, N Bouallag, J Warszawski, F Buseyne	Clinical Infectious Diseases	2013
Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on the thymus and the production of naïve T-cells RA Madan, H Frances, C Jochems, CR Heery, GC OSullivan, H Singh, I Surolia, KY Tsang, R Gress, J Schlom, JL Gulley	Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer	2013
T-cell suicide gene therapy prompts thymic renewal in adults after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation L Vago, G Oliveira, A Bondanza, M Noviello, C Soldati, D Ghio, I Brigida, R Greco, MT Stanghellini, J Peccatori, S Fracchia, MD Fiacco, C Traversari, A Aiuti, AD Maschio, C Bordignon, F Ciceri, C Bonini	Blood	2012
Blood T-cell receptor diversity decreases during the course of HIV infection, but the potential for a diverse repertoire persists PD Baum, JJ Young, D Schmidt, Q Zhang, R Hoh, M Busch, J Martin, S Deeks, JM McCune	Blood	2012
Incomplete Immune Recovery in HIV Infection: Mechanisms, Relevance for Clinical Care, and Possible Solutions JC Gaardbo, HJ Hartling, J Gerstoft, SD Nielsen	Clinical and Developmental Immunology	2012
Thymopoietic and Bone Marrow Response to Murine Pneumocystis Pneumonia X Shi, P Zhang, GD Sempowski, JE Shellito, GS Deepe	Infection and immunity	2011
Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphopenia without autoimmunity or granulomatous disease in the slipstream of RAG mutations TW Kuijpers, H IJspeert, EM van Leeuwen, MH Jansen, MD Hazenberg, KC Weijer, RA van Lier, M der Burg	Blood	2011
Advances in Immunology E Pinaud, M Marquet, R Fiancette, S Péron, C Vincent-Fabert, Y Denizot, M Cogné	Advances in Immunology Volume 110	2011
Keratinocyte Growth Factor and Stem Cell Factor to Improve Thymopoiesis after Autologous CD34+ Cell Transplantation in Rhesus Macaques EJ Wils, FS Aerts-Kaya, EJ Rombouts, I Mourik, A Rijken-Schelen, TP Visser, E Braakman, G Wagemaker, JJ Cornelissen	Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation	2011
Dynamics of lymphocyte subsets in children living in an area polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls M Horváthová, E Jahnová, Ľ Palkovičová, T Trnovec, I Hertz-Picciotto	Journal of Immunotoxicology	2011
Editorial: Developmental regulation of P-glycoprotein and HIV therapy: spare the thymus but spoil the child? P Krogstad, G Aldrovandi	Journal of leukocyte biology	2011
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Regulation of Immune Function: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Diseases? TJ Smith	Pharmacological reviews	2010
Treatment with Recombinant Growth Hormone Is Associated with Modest Improvement in CD4 Lymphocyte Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy: Results of ACTG A5174 K Smith, L Zheng, R Bosch, DM Margolis, A Tenorio, L Napolitano, M Saag, E Connick, B Gross, I Francis, H Valdez, N Muurahainen, V Stocker, R Pollard	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2010
Thymopoiesis in elderly human is associated with systemic inflammatory status S Ferrando-Martínez, JM Franco, A Hernandez, A Ordoñez, E Gutierrez, A Abad, M Leal	Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands)	2009
Cellular Immunity Before and After Leptin Replacement Therapy GJ Paz-Filho, T Delibasi, HK Erol, ML Wong, J Licinio	Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism	2009
Limited Impact of the Thymus on Immunological Recovery During and After Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma SJ Vedel, D Tholstrup, L Kolte, J Gaardbo, LP Ryder, A Ersbøll, E Albrecht-Beste, J Jurlander, JO Nielsen, SD Nielsen	Scandinavian Journal of Immunology	2009
Handbook on Immunosenescence T Fulop, C Franceschi, K Hirokawa, G Pawelec		2009
HIV and the Brain RH Paul, NC Sacktor, V Valcour, KT Tashima		2009
Quantifying Thymic Export: Combining Models of Naive T Cell Proliferation and TCR Excision Circle Dynamics Gives an Explicit Measure of Thymic Output I Bains, R Thiébaut, AJ Yates, R Callard	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)	2009
Growth Hormone Enhances Thymic Function in HIV-infected Adults Laura A. Napolitano Diane Schmidt Michael B. Gotway Niloufar Ameli Erin L. Filbert Myra M. Ng Julie L. Clor Lorrie Epling Elizabeth Sinclair Paul D. Baum Kai Li Marisela Lua Killian Peter Bacchetti Joseph M. McCune	Journal of Clinical Investigation	2008
The role of the thymus in HIV infection: a 10 year perspective RH Fang, AD Colantonio, CH Uittenbogaart	AIDS	2008
Human T cell reconstitution in DiGeorge syndrome and HIV-1 infection LL Hudson, ML Markert, BH Devlin, BF Haynes, GD Sempowski	Seminars in Immunology	2007
The Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV infected patient – case report T Mikuła, MM Mian, W Stańczak, J Cianciara	HIV & AIDS Review	2007
HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS JA Levy		2007
Fusion-induced apoptosis contributes to thymocyte depletion by a pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope in the human thymus EG Meissner, L Zhang, S Jiang, L Su	Journal of virology	2006
Longitudinal Assessment ofde NovoT Cell Production in Relation to HIV-Associated T Cell Homeostasis Failure PK Chattopadhyay, DC Douek, SJ Gange, KR Chadwick, M Hellerstein, JB Margolick	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2006
Naïve T-Cell Depletion Related to Infection by X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Poor Immunological Responders to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy P Delobel, MT Nugeyre, M Cazabat, K Sandres-Sauné, C Pasquier, L Cuzin, B Marchou, P Massip, R Cheynier, F Barré-Sinoussi, J Izopet, N Israël	Journal of virology	2006
Correlation of T-lymphocyte subpopulations with immunological markers in HIV-1-infected Indian patients S Kaushik, M Vajpayee, V Sreenivas, P Seth	Clinical Immunology	2006
Pathogenesis of HIV infection: what the virus spares is as important as what it destroys Z Grossman, M Meier-Schellersheim, WE Paul, LJ Picker	Nature Medicine	2006
HIV and the hidden face of the thymus RH Fang, CH Uittenbogaart, B Hurtrel	AIDS	2006
Thymic volume, T-cell populations, and parameters of thymopoiesis in adolescent and adult survivors of HIV infection acquired in infancy: JC Lee, MI Boechat, M Belzer, JA Church, JD Ville, K Nielsen, S Weston, Y Geng, T Dunaway, C Kitchen, PA Krogstad	AIDS	2006
Multiparameter evaluation of human thymic function: interpretations and caveats JM Harris, MD Hazenberg, JF Poulin, D Higuera-Alhino, D Schmidt, M Gotway, JM McCune	Clinical Immunology	2005
Age-dependent incidence, time course, and consequences of thymic renewal in adults FT Hakim, SA Memon, R Cepeda, EC Jones, CK Chow, C Kasten-Sportes, J Odom, BA Vance, BL Christensen, CL Mackall, RE Gress	Journal of Clinical Investigation	2005
Immunosenescence: immune deficits in the elderly and therapeutic strategies to enhance immune competence FT Hakim, RE Gress	Expert Review of Clinical Immunology	2005
Glucose transporter 1 expression identifies a population of cycling CD4+ CD8+ human thymocytes with high CXCR4-induced chemotaxis L Swainson, S Kinet, N Manel, JL Battini, M Sitbon, N Taylor	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences	2005
Naïve T Cells Are Maintained in the Periphery During the First3 Months of Acute HIV-1 Infection: Implications for Analysis of Thymus Function GD Sempowski, CB Hicks, JJ Eron, JA Bartlett, LP Hale, G Ferrari, LJ Edwards, S Fiscus, BF Haynes	Journal of Clinical Immunology	2005
Disease progression in macaques with low SIV replication levels: on the relevance of TREC counts RH Fang, E Khatissian, V Monceaux, MC Cumont, S Beq, JC Ameisen, AM Aubertin, N Israël, J Estaquier, B Hurtrel	AIDS	2005
Age-related thymic activity in adults following chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia PP Sfikakis, GM Gourgoulis, LA Moulopoulos, G Kouvatseas, AN Theofilopoulos, MA Dimopoulos	European Journal of Clinical Investigation	2005
Cell Death During HIV Infection M Smith-Raska, M Lenardo, K Sakai	Cell Death During HIV Infection: gp120	2005
Immune reconstitution in HIV infection: how to measure thymic function? Z Grossman	Clinical Immunology	2005
Recovery from and consequences of severe iatrogenic lymphopenia (induced to treat autoimmune diseases) J Storek, Z Zhao, E Lin, T Berger, PA McSweeney, RA Nash, Y Akatsuka, MD Metcalf, H Lu, T Kalina, M Reindl, R Storb, JA Hansen, KM Sullivan, GH Kraft, DE Furst, DG Maloney	Clinical Immunology	2004
Expression of Werner and Bloom syndrome genes is differentially regulated by in vitro HIV-1 infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells L Bordi, A Amendola, F Ciccosanti, I Abbate, G Camilloni, MR Capobianchi	Clinical & Experimental Immunology	2004
Decreases in Percentages of Naïve CD4 and CD8 T Cells and Increases in Percentages of Memory CD8 T-Cell Subsets in the Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Populations of A-Bomb Survivors M Yamaoka, Y Kusunoki, F Kasagi, T Hayashi, K Nakachi, S Kyoizumi	Radiation Research	2004
Graves' Disease During Immune Reconstitution After Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection: Evidence of Thymic Dysfunction MA French, SR Lewin, C Dykstra, R Krueger, P Price, PJ Leedman	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2004
Evidence of thymic reconstitution after highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection G Hardy, S Worrell, P Hayes, CM Barnett, D Glass, J Pido-Lopez, N Imami, R Aspinall, J Dutton, B Gazzard, AM Peters, FM Gotch	HIV Medicine	2004
Characterization of a thymus-tropic HIV-1 isolate from a rapid progressor: role of the envelope EG Meissner, KM Duus, F Gao, XF Yu, L Su	Virology	2004
Apoptosis of naive CD4+ T-cells from HIV-infected patients with poor immune response to HAART is enhanced in vitro by steroid PM Roger, I Perbost, M Ticchioni, JG Fuzibet, JP Breittmayer, J Durant, A Pesce, A Bernard, P Dellamonica	Journal of Infection	2004
Is thymus redundant after adulthood? A Shanker	Immunology Letters	2004
Changes in T Cell Receptor Excision DNA Circle (TREC) Levels in HIV Type 1-Infected Subjects Pre- and Post-Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy G Touloumi, N Pantazis, A Karafoulidou, T Mandalaki, JJ Goedert, LG Kostrikis, A Hatzakis	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2004
Histologic and molecular assessment of human thymus LP Hale	Annals of Diagnostic Pathology	2004
HIV Infection Rapidly Induces and Maintains a Substantial Suppression of Thymocyte Proliferation ML Dion, JF Poulin, R Bordi, M Sylvestre, R Corsini, N Kettaf, A Dalloul, MR Boulassel, P Debré, JP Routy, Z Grossman, RP Sékaly, R Cheynier	Immunity	2004
HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis in the human thymus Eric G Meissner, Karen M Duus, Rebecca Loomis, Rhiannon D'Agostin, Lishan Su	Current HIV research	2004
The thymus is typically small at 1 year after autologous or allogeneic T-cell-replete hematopoietic cell transplantation into adults J Storek, JH Staver, BA Porter, DG Maloney	Bone Marrow Transplantation	2004
Combination Therapy of AIDS ED Clercq, AM Vandamme		2004
Impaired TCR-Mediated Induction of Ki67 by Naive CD4 + T Cells Is Only Occasionally Corrected by Exogenous IL-2 in HIV-1 Infection SF Sieg, DA Bazdar, MM Lederman	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)	2003
Stem cells and immune reconstitution in AIDS DT Scadden	Blood Reviews	2003
Thymic Output during Initial Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and during HAART Supplementation with Interleukin 2 and/or with HIV Type 1 Immunogen (Remune) J Pido-Lopez, C Burton, G Hardy, A Pires, A Sullivan, B Gazzard, R Aspinall, F Gotch, N Imami	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2003
AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection D Ashkin, Y Hale, E Hollender, M Lauzardo, M Narita, AE Pitchenik, M Salfinger, JJ Stambaugh	AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection	2003
Endogenous IL-7 is associated with increased thymic volume in adult HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy E Ruiz-Mateos, R la Rosa, JM Franco, M Martinez-Moya, A Rubio, N Soriano, A Sanchez-Quijano, E Lissen, M Leal	AIDS	2003
Immune Mechanisms in HIV Infection TP Young	Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS care	2003
Birth season and environmental influences on patterns of thymic growth in rural Gambian infants AC Collinson, SE Moore, TJ Cole, AM Prentice	Acta Pdiatrica	2003
Apparent Induction of Partial Thymic Regeneration in a Normal Human Subject: A Case Report GM Fahy	Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine	2003
Morphofunctional evolution of thymus response after first-line combined antiretroviral therapy in adult HIV-infected patients R Manfredi, G Battista, C Sassi, L Calza, F Chiodo, R Canini	Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses	2003
HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenesis in the Human Thymus Eric G. Meissner, Karen M. Duus, Rebecca Loomis, Rhiannon D’Agostin, Lishan Su	Current HIV research	2003
Increases in CD4+ T Lymphocytes Occur Without Increases in Thymic Size in HIV-Infected Subjects Receiving Interleukin-2 Therapy: AC Lu, EC Jones, C Chow, KD Miller, B Herpin, D Rock-Kress, JA Metcalf, HC Lane, JA Kovacs	Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)	2003
IL-7 Stimulates T Cell Renewal Without Increasing Viral Replication in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques MT Nugeyre, V Monceaux, S Beq, MC Cumont, RH Fang, L Chêne, M Morre, F Barré-Sinoussi, B Hurtrel, N Israël	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)	2003
Impact of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection on lymphocyte numbers and T-cell turnover in different organs of rhesus monkeys S Sopper, D Nierwetberg, A Halbach, U Sauer, C Scheller, C Stahl-Hennig, K Mätz-Rensing, F Schäfer, T Schneider, V ter Meulen, JG Müller	Blood	2003
Increased interleukin-7 plasma levels are associated with recovery of CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected children. Correa R, Resino S, Muñoz-Fernández MA	Journal of Clinical Immunology	2003
Dynamics of T cells and TCR excision circles differ after treatment of acute and chronic HIV infection SR Lewin, RM Ribeiro, GR Kaufmann, D Smith, J Zaunders, M Law, A Solomon, PU Cameron, D Cooper, AS Perelson	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)	2002
A broad T-cell repertoire diversity and an efficient thymic function indicate a favorable long-term immune reconstitution after cord blood stem cell transplantation K Talvensaari, E Clave, C Douay, C Rabian, L Garderet, M Busson, F Garnier, D Douek, E Gluckman, D Charron, A Toubert	Blood	2002
Entrapment of recent thymic emigrants in lymphoid tissues from HIV-infected patients: association with HIV cellular viral load MA Nokta, XD Li, L Al-Harthi, J Nichols, A Pou, D Asmuth, A Landay, RB Pollard	AIDS	2002
Increased thymic mass and circulating naive CD4 T cells in HIV-1-infected adults treated with growth hormone LA Napolitano, JC Lo, MB Gotway, K Mulligan, JD Barbour, D Schmidt, RM Grant, RA Halvorsen, M Schambelan, JM McCune	AIDS	2002
Features of 'CD4-exploders', HIV-positive patients with an optimal immune reconstitution after potent antiretroviral therapy C Mussini, M Pinti, V Borghi, M Nasi, G Amorico, E Monterastelli, L Moretti, L Troiano, R Esposito, A Cossarizza	AIDS	2002
THECHALLENGE OFVIRALRESERVOIRS INHIV-1 INFECTION JN Blankson, D Persaud, RF Siliciano	Annual Review of Medicine	2002
Toward Cellular-based Therapies for HIV Infection DT Scadden	Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research	2002
Dynamics of Naive and Memory CD4+ T Lymphocytes in HIV-1 Disease Progression SH Bajaria, G Webb, M Cloyd, D Kirschner	JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	2002
Changes in thymus volume in adult HIV-infected patients under HAART: correlation with the T-cell repopulation A Rubio, M Martínez-Moya, M Leal, JM Franco, E Ruiz-Mateos, E Merchante, A Sánchez-Quijano, E Lissen	Clinical & Experimental Immunology	2002
Role of antiretroviral regimes in HIV-1 patients in reducing immune activation A Jiménez, L Molero, A Jiménez, S Castañón, D Subirá, MD Górgolas, M Fedz-Guerrero, R García	Immunology	2002
Plasticity of lymphoid compartments during HIV infection and treatments: hopes and limits B Combadière, G Carcelain, P Debré, B Autran	Microbes and Infection	2002
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome SA Shelburne, RJ Hamill, MC Rodriguez-Barradas, SB Greenberg, RL Atmar, DM Musher, JC Gathe, F Visnegarwala, BW Trautner	Medicine	2002
Evidence of Immune Reconstitution in Antiretroviral Drug-Experienced Patients with Advanced HIV Disease AL Landay, D Bettendorf, E Chan, J Spritzler, JL Schmitz, RP Bucy, CJ Gonzalez, CT Schnizlein-Bick, T Evans, KE Squires, JP Phair	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2002
Immune reconstitution in patients with HIV infection GD Sempowski, BF Haynes	Annual Review of Medicine	2002
AIDS Vaccine Research V Lukashov, J Goudsmit, W Paxton	AIDS Vaccine Research	2002
Current strategies in the treatment of HIV infection OJ Cohen, AS Fauci	Disease-a-Month	2002
Antivirals against HIV-1 I Frank	Clinics in Laboratory Medicine	2002
Baseline predictors of CD4 T-lymphocyte recovery with combination antiretroviral therapy Kara K Bennett, Victor G DeGruttola, Ian C Marschner, Diane V Havlir, Douglas D Richman	Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)	2002
Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation IX S Gupta, E Butcher, W Paul	Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation IX	2002
Development of αβ T cells in the human thymus H Spits	Nature Reviews Immunology	2002
T-cell repopulation and thymic volume in HIV-1–infected adult patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy JM Franco, A Rubio, M Martı́nez-Moya, M Leal, E Merchante, A Sánchez-Quijano, E Lissen	Blood	2002
Effects of exogenous interleukin-7 on human thymus function Y Okamoto, DC Douek, RD McFarland, RA Koup	Blood	2002
Evidence for increased T cell turnover and decreased thymic output in HIV infection DC Douek, MR Betts, BJ Hill, SJ Little, R Lempicki, JA Metcalf, J Casazza, C Yoder, JW Adelsberger, RA Stevens, MW Baseler, P Keiser, DD Richman, RT Davey, RA Koup	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)	2001
Poor CD4 T cell restoration after suppression of HIV-1 replication may reflect lower thymic function L Teixeira, H Valdez, JM McCune, RA Koup, AD Badley, MK Hellerstein, LA Napolitano, DC Douek, G Mbisa, S Deeks, JM Harris, JD Barbour, BH Gross, IR Francis, R Halvorsen, R Asaad, MM Lederman	AIDS	2001
The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease JM McCune	Nature	2001
What limits immune reconstitution in HIV infection? Divergent tools converge on thymic function TJ Fry, CL Mackall	AIDS	2001
CD4+,CD28? T cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients combine features of the innate and adaptive immune systems KJ Warrington, S Takemura, JJ Goronzy, CM Weyand	Arthritis & Rheumatism	2001
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis: Insights from Studies of Lymphoid Cells and Tissues JM Kilby	Clinical Infectious Diseases	2001
Residual HIV-1 infection during antiretroviral therapy: the challenge of viral persistence RJ Pomerantz	AIDS	2001
Changes in thymic function in HIV-positive patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and interleukin-2 PD Paoli, MT Bortolin, S Zanussi, A Monzoni, C Pratesi, M Giacca	Clinical & Experimental Immunology	2001
Interleukin-7 in plasma correlates with CD4 T-cell depletion and may be associated with emergence of syncytium-inducing variants in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive individuals A Llano, J Barretina, A Gutiérrez, J Blanco, C Cabrera, B Clotet, JA Esté	Journal of virology	2001
Relative Significance of Different Pathways of Immune Reconstitution in HIV Type 1 Infection as Estimated by Mathematical Modeling GR Kaufmann, J Zaunders, J Murray, AD Kelleher, SR Lewin, A Solomon, D Smith, DA Cooper	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2001
HIV chemotherapy DD Richman	Nature	2001
Immune reconstitution strategies in HIV MR Leibowitz, RT Mitsuyasu	Current Infectious Disease Reports	2001
Thymopoiesis in HIV-Infected Adults after Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ML Markert, AP Alvarez-Mcleod, GD Sempowski, LP Hale, JM Horvatinovich, KJ Weinhold, JA Bartlett, TA D'Amico, BF Haynes	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2001
Immunology and the REACH Study: HIV immunology and preliminary findings BJ Rudy, PA Crowley-Nowick, SD Douglas	Journal of Adolescent Health	2001
Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for Immune‐Based Therapies I Sereti, HC Lane	Clinical Infectious Diseases	2001
Reconstitution of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected individuals following antiretroviral therapy G Carcelain, P Debré, B Autran	Current Opinion in Immunology	2001
Thymic export in aged sheep: a continuous role for the thymus throughout pre- and postnatal life CP Cunningham, WG Kimpton, JE Holder, RN Cahill	European Journal of Immunology	2001
Down-regulation of CD8+ T-cell expansions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving highly active combination therapy G Gorochov, AU Neumann, C Parizot, T Li, C Katlama, P Debré	Blood	2001
Immunity to infections following hematopoietic cell transplantation JM Brown, IL Weissman, JA Shizuru	Current Opinion in Immunology	2001
T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) content following maximum HIV suppression is equivalent in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals: CM Steffens, KY Smith, A Landay, S Shott, A Truckenbrod, M Russert, L Al-Harthi	AIDS	2001
Impaired replication of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 in human thymus CA Stoddart, TJ Liegler, F Mammano, VD Linquist-Stepps, MS Hayden, SG Deeks, RM Grant, F Clavel, JM McCune	Nature Medicine	2001
Increased production of IL-7 accompanies HIV-1–mediated T-cell depletion: implications for T-cell homeostasis LA Napolitano, RM Grant, SG Deeks, D Schmidt, SC Rosa, LA Herzenberg, BG Herndier, J Andersson, JM McCune	Nature Medicine	2001
Interleukin-7 and infection itself by human immunodeficiency virus 1 favor virus persistence in mature CD4+CD8−CD3+ thymocytes through sustained induction of Bcl-2 E Guillemard, MT Nugeyre, L Chêne, N Schmitt, C Jacquemot, F Barré-Sinoussi, N Israël	Blood	2001
Immunological Effects of Interleukin-2 Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Subjects PD Paoli		2001
Hematologic Aspects of HIV/AIDS AM Levine, DT Scadden, JA Zaia, A Krishnan	Hematology / the Education Program of the American Society of Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program	2001
The DiGeorge anomaly. Hong R	Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology	2001
Factors influencing T-cell turnover in HIV-1–seropositive patients JM McCune, MB Hanley, D Cesar, R Halvorsen, R Hoh, D Schmidt, E Wieder, S Deeks, S Siler, R Neese, M Hellerstein	Journal of Clinical Investigation	2000
Response to immunization with recall and neoantigens after prolonged administration of an HIV-1 protease inhibitor-containing regimen H Valdez, KY Smith, A Landay, E Connick, DR Kuritzkes, H Kessler, L Fox, J Spritzler, J Roe, MB Lederman, HM Lederman, TG Evans, M Heath-Chiozzi, MM Lederman	AIDS	2000
Effects of therapy with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and IL-2 on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte apoptosis in HIV+ patients L Caggiari, S Zanussi, MT Bortolin, M D'andrea, G Nasti, C Simonelli, U Tirelli, PD Paoli	Clinical & Experimental Immunology	2000
Identification of a human recent thymic emigrant phenotype RD McFarland, DC Douek, RA Koup, LJ Picker	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences	2000
Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Thymic Transplantation on Immunoreconstitution in HIV Infection M. Louise Markert, Charles B. Hicks, John A. Bartlett, J. Les Harmon, Laura P. Hale, Michael L. Greenberg, Guido Ferrari, Janet Ottinger, Andreas Boeck, Amy L. Kloster, Tanya M. M, Laughlin, Karen B. Bleich, Ross M. Ungerleider, H. Kim Lyerly, William E. Wilkinson, Franck S. Rousseau, M Argo E. Heath-Chiozzi, John M. Leonard, Ashley T. Haase, George M ., R. Pat Bucy, Daniel C. Douek, Richard A. Koup, Barton F. Haynes, Dani P. Bolognesi, Kent J. Weinhold	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	2000
The Role of the Thymus in Immune Reconstitution in Aging, Bone Marrow Transplantation, and HIV-1 Infection BF Haynes, ML Markert, GD Sempowski, DD Patel, LP Hale	Annual Review of Immunology	2000
Model of HIV-1 Disease Progression Based on Virus-Induced Lymph Node Homing and Homing-Induced Apoptosis of CD4+ Lymphocytes D Kirschner, GF Webb, M Cloyd	JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	2000
Prolonged Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infection E Sulis, P Lusso, L Contu	New England Journal of Medicine	2000
Hematopoietic Stem Cells in HIV Disease DT Scadden, H Shen, T Cheng	JNCI Monographs	2000
Early immune reconstitution after potent antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children correlates with the increase in thymus volume A Vigano, S Vella, M Saresella, A Vanzulli, D Bricalli, SD Fabio, P Ferrante, M Andreotti, M Pirillo, LG Dally, M Clerici, N Principi	AIDS	2000
Assessment of thymic output in adults after haematopoietic stemcell transplantation and prediction of T-cell reconstitution DC Douek, RA Vescio, MR Betts, JM Brenchley, BJ Hill, L Zhang, JR Berenson, RH Collins, RA Koup	The Lancet	2000
Successful Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant in an HIV-1–Positive Man With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: P Schlegel, P Beatty, R Halvorsen, J McCune	Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)	2000
Evidence for thymic function in the elderly DC Douek, RA Koup	Vaccine	2000
Clinical progression, survival, and immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus coinfection: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study G Greub, B Ledergerber, M Battegay, P Grob, L Perrin, H Furrer, P Burgisser, P Erb, K Boggian, JC Piffaretti, B Hirschel, P Janin, P Francioli, M Flepp, A Telenti	The Lancet	2000
Effect of recent thymic emigrants on progression of HIV-1 disease A Hatzakis, G Touloumi, R Karanicolas, A Karafoulidou, T Mandalaki, C Anastassopoulou, L Zhang, JJ Goedert, DD Ho, LG Kostrikis	The Lancet	2000
Reconstitution immune sous HAART G Carcelain, B Autran, P Debré	Annales de l'Institut Pasteur/Actualités	2000
Differential responses of T cell subsets: possible role in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS: JE Brinchmann	AIDS	2000
Cellular restoration in HIV infected persons treated with abacavir and a protease inhibitor: age inversely predicts naive CD4 cell count increase: MM Lederman, R McKinnis, D Kelleher, A Cutrell, J Mellors, M Neisler, E Cooney, DW Haas, R Haubrich, J Stanford, J Horton, A Landay, W Spreen	AIDS	2000
T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection: how CD4+ T cells go out of stock MD Hazenberg, D Hamann, H Schuitemaker, F Miedema	Nature Immunology	2000
AIDS Pathogenesis H Schuitemaker, F Miedema		2000
Regulation of Extrathymic T Cell Development and Turnover by Oncostatin M C Boileau, M Houde, G Dulude, CH Clegg, C Perreault	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)	2000
Shortage of circulating naive CD8+ T cells provides new insights on immunodeficiency in aging FF Fagnoni, R Vescovini, G Passeri, G Bologna, M Pedrazzoni, G Lavagetto, A Casti, C Franceschi, M Passeri, P Sansoni	Blood	2000
Functional Reconstitution of Thymopoiesis after Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection SG Kitchen, S Killian, JV Giorgi, JA Zack	Journal of virology	2000
T-cell progenitor function during progressive human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection and after antiretroviral therapy DR Clark, S Repping, NG Pakker, JM Prins, DW Notermans, FW Wit, P Reiss, SA Danner, RA Coutinho, JM Lange, F Miedema	Blood	2000
Coinfection of SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mice with Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 A Gobbi, CA Stoddart, G Locatelli, F Santoro, C Bare, V Linquist-Stepps, ME Moreno, NW Abbey, BG Herndier, MS Malnati, JM McCune, P Lusso	Journal of virology	2000
The Human Thymus During Aging BF Haynes, GD Sempowski, AF Wells, LP Hale	Immunologic Research	2000
Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection BF Haynes, LP Hale, KJ Weinhold, DD Patel, HX Liao, PB Bressler, DM Jones, JF Demarest, K Gebhard-Mitchell, AT Haase, JA Bartlett	Journal of Clinical Investigation	1999
Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection BF Haynes, LP Hale, KJ Weinhold, DD Patel, HX Liao, PB Bressler, DM Jones, JF Demarest, K Gebhard-Mitchell, AT Haase, JA Bartlett	Journal of Clinical Investigation	1999
The challenge of immune control of immunodeficiency virus D Richman	Journal of Clinical Investigation	1999
Investigation of Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type I in Thymus Regeneration in the Acute Stage of Experimental FIV Infection in Juvenile Cats JC Woo, GA Dean, A Lavoy, R Clark, PF Moore	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	1999
The importance of lymphocyte trafficking in regulating blood lymphocyte levels during HIV and SIV infections YJ Rosenberg, G Janossy	Seminars in Immunology	1999
Normal Telomere Lengths in Naive and Memory CD4+ T Cells in HIV Type 1 Infection: A Mathematical Interpretation KC Wolthers, AJ Noest, SA Otto, F Miedema, RJ de Boer	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	1999
Immune restoration does not invariably occur following long-term HIV-1 suppression during antiretroviral therapy NG Pakker, ED Kroon, MT Roos, SA Otto, D Hall, FW Wit, D Hamann, ME van der Ende, FA Claessen, RH Kauffmann, PP Koopmans, FP Kroon, CH Napel, HG Sprenger, HM Weigel, JS Montaner, JM Lange, P Reiss, PT Schellekens, F Miedema	AIDS	1999
POPULATION BIOLOGY OF HIV-1 INFECTION: Viral and CD4+T Cell Demographics and Dynamics in Lymphatic Tissues AT Haase	Annual Review of Immunology	1999
The human thymus: A new perspective on thymic function, aging, and hiv infection CM Steffens, G Marchetti, A Landay, L Al-Harthi	Clinical Immunology Newsletter	1999
A simple relationship between viral load and survival time in HIV-1 infection RA Arnaout, AL Lloyd, TR O'Brien, JJ Goedert, JM Leonard, MA Nowak	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences	1999
Measuring recent thymic emigrants in blood of normal and HIV-1-infected individuals before and after effective therapy L Zhang, SR Lewin, M Markowitz, HH Lin, E Skulsky, R Karanicolas, Y He, X Jin, S Tuttleton, M Vesanen, H Spiegel, R Kost, J Lunzen, HJ Stellbrink, S Wolinsky, W Borkowsky, P Palumbo, LG Kostrikis, DD Ho	Journal of Experimental Medicine	1999
Direct evidence for thymic function in adult humans JF Poulin, MN Viswanathan, JM Harris, KV Komanduri, E Wieder, N Ringuette, M Jenkins, JM McCune, RP Sékaly	Journal of Experimental Medicine	1999
Reconstitution of human thymic implants is limited by human immunodeficiency virus breakthrough during antiretroviral therapy RG Amado, BD Jamieson, R Cortado, SW Cole, JA Zack	Journal of virology	1999
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) causes severe thymocyte depletion in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice A Gobbi, CA Stoddart, MS Malnati, G Locatelli, F Santoro, NW Abbey, C Bare, V Linquist-Stepps, MB Moreno, BG Herndier, P Lusso, JM McCune	Journal of Experimental Medicine	1999
Increases in T Cell Telomere Length in HIV Infection after Antiretroviral Combination Therapy for HIV-1 Infection Implicate Distinct Population Dynamics in CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells S Kaushal, AL Landay, MM Lederman, E Connick, J Spritzler, DR Kuritzkes, H Kessler, BL Levine, DC st. Louis, CH June	Clinical Immunology	1999
Immune reconstitution in AIDS: oncologic implications and hematologic approaches DT Scadden	Current Opinion in Oncology	1999
HIV Infection and the Dynamic Interplay between the Thymus and the Peripheral T Cell Pool BF Haynes	Clinical Immunology	1999
Immune Reconstitution IL Weissman, JA Shizuru	New England Journal of Medicine	1999
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) Causes Severe Thymocyte Depletion in SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mice A Gobbi, CA Stoddart, MS Malnati, G Locatelli, F Santoro, NW Abbey, C Bare, V Linquist-Stepps, MB Moreno, BG Herndier, P Lusso, JM McCune	Journal of Experimental Medicine	1999
Direct Evidence for Thymic Function in Adult Humans JF Poulin, MN Viswanathan, JM Harris, KV Komanduri, E Wieder, N Ringuette, M Jenkins, JM McCune, RP Sekaly	Journal of Experimental Medicine	1999
Measuring Recent Thymic Emigrants in Blood of Normal and HIV-1-Infected Individuals before and after Effective Therapy L Zhang, SR Lewin, M Markowitz, HH Lin, E Skulsky, R Karanicolas, Y He, X Jin, S Tuttleton, M Vesanen, H Spiegel, R Kost, J Lunzen, HJ Stellbrink, S Wolinsky, W Borkowsky, P Palumbo, LG Kostrikis, DD Ho	Journal of Experimental Medicine	1999
Immune reconstitution after combination antiretroviral therapy H Valdez	Clinical Immunology Newsletter	1999
Generation of Functional Thymocytes in the Human Adult BD Jamieson, DC Douek, S Killian, LE Hultin, DD Scripture-Adams, JV Giorgi, D Marelli, RA Koup, JA Zack	Immunity	1999
Paediatric HIV-1 infection DN Burns, LM Mofenson	The Lancet	1999
Thymic Function, Aging, and AIDS BF Haynes, LP Hale	Hospital Practice	1999
Consistent Viral Evolutionary Changes Associated with the Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection R Shankarappa, JB Margolick, SJ Gange, AG Rodrigo, D Upchurch, H Farzadegan, P Gupta, CR Rinaldo, GH Learn, , XL Huang, JI Mullins	Journal of virology	1999
Thymocyte-Thymic Epithelial Cell Interaction Leads to High-Level Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exclusively in Mature CD4 + CD8 − CD3 + Thymocytes: a Critical Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-7 L Chêne, MT Nugeyre, E Guillemard, N Moulian, F Barré-Sinoussi, N Israël	Journal of virology	1999
CCR5- and CXCR4-utilizing strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 exhibit differential tropism and pathogenesis in vivo RD Berkowitz, S Alexander, C Bare, V Linquist-Stepps, M Bogan, ME Moreno, L Gibson, ED Wieder, J Kosek, CA Stoddart, JM McCune	Journal of virology	1998
Delayed occurrence of Graves' disease after immune restoration with HAART J Gilquin, JP Viard, V Jubault, C Sert, MD Kazatchkine	The Lancet	1998
Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection DC Douek, RD McFarland, PH Keiser, EA Gage, JM Massey, BF Haynes, MA Polis, AT Haase, MB Feinberg, JL Sullivan, BD Jamieson, JA Zack, LJ Picker, RA Koup	Nature	1998
Immunological Tolerance ER Unanue, KA Ault	Immunological Tolerance	1974

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