Human parainfluenza viruses cause several serious respiratory diseases in children for which there is no effective prevention or therapy. Parainfluenza viruses initiate infection by binding to cell surface receptors and then, via coordinated action of the 2 viral surface glycoproteins, fuse directly with the cell membrane to release the viral replication machinery into the host cell’s cytoplasm. During this process, the receptor-binding molecule must trigger the viral fusion protein to mediate fusion and entry of the virus into a cell. This review explores the binding and entry into cells of parainfluenza virus type 3, focusing on how the receptor-binding molecule triggers the fusion process. There are several steps during the process of binding, triggering, and fusion that are now understood at the molecular level, and each of these steps represents potential targets for interrupting infection.
Anne Moscona
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Journal of Medical Virology | 2024 |
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The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2023 |
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mBio | 2022 |
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Biomedicines | 2022 |
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Journal of Molecular Modeling | 2022 |
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Journal of Clinical Investigation | 2021 |
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Identification of the Functional Domain of HPIV3 Matrix Protein Interacting with Nucleocapsid Protein
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BioMed Research International | 2020 |
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Antiviral Research | 2019 |
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Scientific Reports | 2017 |
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Mucosal Immunology | 2015 |
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The Indian journal of medical research | 2015 |
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Bone Marrow Transplantation | 2014 |
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Nature Communications | 2014 |
Molecular evolution of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene in human parainfluenza virus type 3 isolates from children with acute respiratory illness in Yamagata prefecture, Japan
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Journal of Medical Microbiology | 2014 |
Genetic analysis of human parainfluenza viruses circulating in Korea, 2006: Genetic Analysis of Human Parainfluenza Viruses in Korea
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Journal of Medical Virology | 2014 |
Circulating Clinical Strains of Human Parainfluenza Virus Reveal Viral Entry Requirements for In Vivo Infection
SG Palmer, I DeVito, SG Jenkins, S Niewiesk, M Porotto, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2014 |
Viral Infections of Humans
RA Kaslow, LR Stanberry, JW Duc |
2014 | |
a-Position-Mutated and G4-Mutated Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Proteins of Newcastle Disease Virus Impair Fusion and Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase-Fusion Interaction by Different Mechanisms
F Chu, H Wen, W Zhang, B Lin, Y Zhang, C Sun, G Ren, Y Song, Z Wang |
Intervirology | 2013 |
Role of N-linked glycosylation of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein
F Chu, H Wen, G Hou, B Lin, W Zhang, Y Song, G Ren, C Sun, Z Li, Z Wang |
Virus Research | 2013 |
The use of sialidase therapy for respiratory viral infections
JM Nicholls, RB Moss, SM Haslam |
Antiviral Research | 2013 |
Characterization of a key residue for hyperfusogenic phenotype in human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) fusion glycoprotein
JC Bayon, O Terrier, G Cartet, B Lina, M Rosa-Calatrava |
Virus Genes | 2013 |
Vaccines
RW Sutter, OM Kew, SL Cochi, RB Aylward |
Human vaccines | 2013 |
Development of oligomannose-coated liposome-based nasal vaccine against human parainfluenza virus type 3
K Senchi, S Matsunaga, H Hasegawa, H Kimura, A Ryo |
Frontiers in microbiology | 2013 |
Measles virus fusion machinery activated by sialic acid binding globular domain
A Talekar, A Moscona, M Porotto |
Journal of virology | 2013 |
Identification of a region in the stalk domain of the nipah virus receptor binding protein that is critical for fusion activation
A Talekar, I DeVito, Z Salah, SG Palmer, A Chattopadhyay, JK Rose, R Xu, IA Wilson, A Moscona, M Porotto |
Journal of virology | 2013 |
Interaction between the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase and Fusion Glycoproteins of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type III Regulates Viral Growth In Vivo
R Xu, SG Palmer, M Porotto, LM Palermo, S Niewiesk, IA Wilson, A Moscona |
mBio | 2013 |
Characterization of a key residue for hyperfusogenic phenotype in human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) fusion glycoprotein.
Le Bayon JC, Terrier O, Cartet G, Lina B, Rosa-Calatrava M |
Virus Genes | 2013 |
Current management of parainfluenza pneumonitis in immunocompromised patients: a review
AR Falsey |
Infection and drug resistance | 2012 |
Adaptation of Human Parainfluenza Virus to Airway Epithelium Reveals Fusion Properties Required for Growth in Host Tissue
SG Palmer, M Porotto, LM Palermo, LF Cunha, O Greengard, A Moscona |
mBio | 2012 |
A General Strategy to Endow Natural Fusion-protein-Derived Peptides with Potent Antiviral Activity
A Pessi, A Langella, E Capitò, S Ghezzi, E Vicenzi, G Poli, T Ketas, C Mathieu, R Cortese, B Horvat, A Moscona, M Porotto |
PloS one | 2012 |
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 isolated from Saudi Arabia
FN Almajhdi, MS Alshaman, HM Amer |
Journal of Medical Virology | 2012 |
The second receptor binding site of the globular head of the Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase activates the stalk of multiple paramyxovirus receptor binding proteins to trigger fusion
M Porotto, Z Salah, I DeVito, A Talekar, SG Palmer, R Xu, IA Wilson, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2012 |
Regulation of paramyxovirus fusion activation: the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein stabilizes the fusion protein in a pretriggered state
M Porotto, ZW Salah, L Gui, I DeVito, EM Jurgens, H Lu, CC Yokoyama, LM Palermo, KK Lee, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2012 |
A General Strategy to Endow Natural Fusion-protein-Derived Peptides with Potent Antiviral Activity
A Pessi, A Langella, E Capitò, S Ghezzi, E Vicenzi, G Poli, T Ketas, C Mathieu, R Cortese, B Horvat, A Moscona, M Porotto, C Liang |
PloS one | 2012 |
Illumination of Parainfluenza Virus Infection and Transmission in Living Animals Reveals a Tissue-Specific Dichotomy
CW Burke, JN Mason, SL Surman, BG Jones, E Dalloneau, JL Hurwitz, CJ Russell, RA Fouchier |
PLoS pathogens | 2011 |
Cough reflex sensitivity is increased in guinea pigs with parainfluenza virus infection
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Experimental Lung Research | 2011 |
Detailed genetic analysis of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein gene in human parainfluenza virus type 1 isolates from patients with acute respiratory infection between 2002 and 2009 in Yamagata prefecture, Japan
K Mizuta, M Saitoh, M Kobayashi, H Tsukagoshi, Y Aoki, T Ikeda, C Abiko, N Katsushima, T Itagaki, M Noda, K Kozawa, T Ahiko, H Kimura |
Virology Journal | 2011 |
Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice
TB Nutman, JW Kazura |
Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice | 2011 |
Mechanism of fusion triggering by human parainfluenza virus type III: communication between viral glycoproteins during entry
M Porotto, SG Palmer, LM Palermo, A Moscona |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 2011 |
Mechanism of Fusion Triggering by Human Parainfluenza Virus Type III
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The Journal of biological chemistry | 2011 |
Premature activation of the paramyxovirus fusion protein before target cell attachment with corruption of the viral fusion machinery
SF Farzan, LM Palermo, CC Yokoyama, G Orefice, M Fornabaio, A Sarkar, GE Kellogg, O Greengard, M Porotto, A Moscona |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 2011 |
Spring-Loaded Model Revisited: Paramyxovirus Fusion Requires Engagement of a Receptor Binding Protein beyond Initial Triggering of the Fusion Protein
M Porotto, I DeVito, SG Palmer, EM Jurgens, JL Yee, CC Yokoyama, A Pessi, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2011 |
Respiratory Viral Infections
Proença-Módena JL, Acrani GO, Snider CB, Arruda E |
Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice | 2011 |
A recombinant sialidase fusion protein effectively inhibits human parainfluenza viral infection in vitro and in vivo
A Moscona, M Porotto, S Palmer, C Tai, L Aschenbrenner, G Triana-Baltzer, QX Li, D Wurtman, S Niewiesk, F Fang |
The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2010 |
A single amino acid mutation at position 170 of human parainfluenza virus type 1 fusion glycoprotein induces obvious syncytium formation and caspase-3-dependent cell death
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Journal of Biochemistry | 2010 |
Antiviral effect of strictinin on influenza virus replication
RK Saha, T Takahashi, Y Kurebayashi, K Fukushima, A Minami, N Kinbara, M Ichitani, YM Sagesaka, T Suzuki |
Antiviral Research | 2010 |
Residues in the Heptad Repeat A Region of the Fusion Protein Modulate the Virulence of Sendai Virus in Mice
LE Luque, OA Bridges, JN Mason, KL Boyd, A Portner, CJ Russell |
Journal of virology | 2010 |
Integrative Medicine for Children
M Loo |
Integrative Medicine for Children | 2009 |
Integrin alphavbeta1 promotes infection by human metapneumovirus
G Cseke, MS Maginnis, RG Cox, SJ Tollefson, AB Podsiad, DW Wright, TS Dermody, JV Williams |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2009 |
Glycoprotein interactions in paramyxovirus fusion
RM Iorio, VR Melanson, PJ Mahon |
Future Virology | 2009 |
Neuraminidase-deficient Sendai virus HN mutants provide protection from homologous superinfection
CA Baumann, WJ Neubert |
Archives of Virology | 2009 |
Human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) induced host ADAM8 expression in human salivary adenocarcinoma cell line (HSY) during cell fusion
GF Ma, S Miettinen, P Porola, K Hedman, J Salo, YT Konttinen |
BMC Microbiology | 2009 |
Aurintricarboxylic acid inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase
HC Hung, CP Tseng, JM Yang, YW Ju, SN Tseng, YF Chen, YS Chao, HP Hsieh, SR Shih, JT Hsu |
Antiviral Research | 2009 |
Human Parainfluenza Virus Infection of the Airway Epithelium: Viral Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Regulates Fusion Protein Activation and Modulates Infectivity
LM Palermo, M Porotto, CC Yokoyama, SG Palmer, BA Mungall, O Greengard, S Niewiesk, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2009 |
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Loo M |
Integrative Medicine for Children | 2009 |
Inhibition of human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection by novel small molecules
H Mao, CS Thakur, S Chattopadhyay, RH Silverman, A Gudkov, AK Banerjee |
Antiviral Research | 2008 |
Molecular strategies to inhibit the replication of RNA viruses
P Leyssen, ED Clercq, J Neyts |
Antiviral Research | 2008 |
Characterization of naturally occurring parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) variants
O Terrier, G Cartet, O Ferraris, F Morfin, D Thouvenot, SS Hong, B Lina |
Journal of Clinical Virology | 2008 |
A daring treatment and a successful outcome: The need for targeted therapies for pediatric respiratory viruses
P DeLaMora, A Moscona |
Pediatric Transplantation | 2007 |
Detection of Parainfluenza Virus 3 in Turbinate Epithelial Cells of Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction Patients
JH Wang, HJ Kwon, YJ Jang |
The Laryngoscope | 2007 |
Molecular Determinants of Antiviral Potency of Paramyxovirus Entry Inhibitors
M Porotto, P Carta, Y Deng, GE Kellogg, M Whitt, M Lu, BA Mungall, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2007 |
A Second Receptor Binding Site on Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Contributes to Activation of the FusionMechanism
M Porotto, M Fornabaio, GE Kellogg, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2007 |
Fusion Promotion by a Paramyxovirus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein: pH Modulation of Receptor Avidity of Binding Sites I and II
LM Palermo, M Porotto, O Greengard, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2007 |
The Cell Biology of Acute Childhood Respiratory Disease: Therapeutic Implications
GM Loughlin, A Moscona |
Pediatric Clinics of North America | 2006 |
Inhibition of hendra virus fusion
M Porotto, L Doctor, P Carta, M Fornabaio, O Greengard, GE Kellogg, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2006 |
Paramyxovirus receptor-binding molecules: engagement of one site on the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein modulates activity at the second site
M Porotto, M Fornabaio, O Greengard, MT Murrell, GE Kellogg, A Moscona |
Journal of virology | 2006 |
Mucosal Immunology
WR Brown |
Mucosal Immunology | 2005 |