Go to JCI Insight
  • About
  • Editors
  • Consulting Editors
  • For authors
  • Publication ethics
  • Publication alerts by email
  • Advertising
  • Job board
  • Contact
  • Clinical Research and Public Health
  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • By specialty
    • COVID-19
    • Cardiology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Immunology
    • Metabolism
    • Nephrology
    • Neuroscience
    • Oncology
    • Pulmonology
    • Vascular biology
    • All ...
  • Videos
    • Conversations with Giants in Medicine
    • Video Abstracts
  • Reviews
    • View all reviews ...
    • Complement Biology and Therapeutics (May 2025)
    • Evolving insights into MASLD and MASH pathogenesis and treatment (Apr 2025)
    • Microbiome in Health and Disease (Feb 2025)
    • Substance Use Disorders (Oct 2024)
    • Clonal Hematopoiesis (Oct 2024)
    • Sex Differences in Medicine (Sep 2024)
    • Vascular Malformations (Apr 2024)
    • View all review series ...
  • Viewpoint
  • Collections
    • In-Press Preview
    • Clinical Research and Public Health
    • Research Letters
    • Letters to the Editor
    • Editorials
    • Commentaries
    • Editor's notes
    • Reviews
    • Viewpoints
    • 100th anniversary
    • Top read articles

  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • Specialties
  • Reviews
  • Review series
  • Conversations with Giants in Medicine
  • Video Abstracts
  • In-Press Preview
  • Clinical Research and Public Health
  • Research Letters
  • Letters to the Editor
  • Editorials
  • Commentaries
  • Editor's notes
  • Reviews
  • Viewpoints
  • 100th anniversary
  • Top read articles
  • About
  • Editors
  • Consulting Editors
  • For authors
  • Publication ethics
  • Publication alerts by email
  • Advertising
  • Job board
  • Contact
Metabolic fuel selection: the importance of being flexible
Perry E. Bickel
Perry E. Bickel
Published December 1, 2004
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2004;114(11):1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI23745.
View: Text | PDF
Commentary

Metabolic fuel selection: the importance of being flexible

  • Text
  • PDF
Abstract

Studies in genetically engineered mice have shown the importance of cross-talk between organs in the regulation of energy metabolism. In this issue, a careful metabolic characterization of mice with genetic deficiency of the GLUT4 glucose transporter in adipocytes and muscle is reported. These mice compensate for decreased peripheral glucose disposal by increasing hepatic glucose uptake and lipid synthesis as well as by increasing lipid utilization in peripheral tissues. These findings are relevant to humans with type 2 diabetes, in whom a key feature is diminished peripheral glucose disposal.

Authors

Perry E. Bickel

×

Figure 1

Options: View larger image (or click on image) Download as PowerPoint
Metabolic fuel selection in wild-type and AMG4KO mice. (A) In the fed st...
Metabolic fuel selection in wild-type and AMG4KO mice. (A) In the fed state, wild-type mice dispose of glucose primarily in skeletal muscle and to a lesser extent in adipose tissue and liver. Glucose is stored by the liver as glycogen or used as a lipogenic substrate. Hepatic triglyceride is packaged into VLDL lipoproteins and secreted. Circulating triglycerides in VLDL are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase in adipose and muscle to deliver fatty acid substrates for storage (in adipose tissue) or energy production (by muscle). (B) In AMG4KO mice, GLUT4 deficiency markedly attenuates glucose uptake in adipose and muscle, which leads to hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is limited by increased hepatic glucose uptake and metabolism into lipogenic substrates, via induction of glucokinase, SREBP-1c, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Triglyceride synthesis and, presumably, VLDL synthesis and secretion, are increased. However, circulating triglyceride and free fatty acid levels do not increase due to their increased clearance, presumably due to increased fat oxidation in peripheral tissues.

Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

Sign up for email alerts