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How does blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care?

Greet Van den Berghe

Greet Van den Berghe

Published November 1, 2004
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2004;114(9):1187-1195. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI23506.

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Glucose and insulin administration while maintaining normoglycemia inhibits whole body protein breakdown and synthesis after cardiac surgery R Hatzakorzian, D Shum-Tim, L Wykes, A Hülshoff, H Bui, E Nitschmann, R Lattermann, T Schricker	Journal of applied physiology	2014
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Insufficient activation of autophagy allows cellular damage to accumulate in critically ill patients I Vanhorebeek, J Gunst, S Derde, I Derese, M Boussemaere, F Güiza, W Martinet, JP Timmermans, A D'Hoore, PJ Wouters, GV Berghe	The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism	2011
Vasculotoxic Effects of Insulin and Its Role in Atherosclerosis: What is the Evidence? S Nandish, O Bailon, J Wyatt, J Smith, A Stevens, M Lujan, R Chilton	Current Atherosclerosis Reports	2011
Insulin-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and ERK signaling pathways inhibit TLR3-mediated human bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis T Numata, J Araya, S Fujii, H Hara, N Takasaka, J Kojima, S Minagawa, Y Yumino, M Kawaishi, J Hirano, M Odaka, T Morikawa, SL Nishimura, K Nakayama, K Kuwano	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)	2011
Reducing glucose infusion safely prevents hyperglycemia in post-surgical children SC Verbruggen, CT de Betue, H Schierbeek, S Chacko, LN van Adrichem, J Verhoeven, JB van Goudoever, KF Joosten	Clinical Nutrition	2011
Clinical Dilemmas in Diabetes K Muthusamy, JM Miles	Clinical Dilemmas in Diabetes	2011
Effects of Glycemic Regulation on Chronic Postischemia Pain : MC Ross-Huot, A Laferrière, CM Gi, M Khorashadi, T Schricker, TJ Coderre	Anesthesiology	2011
A fuzzy model for processing and monitoring vital signs in ICU patients CR Leite, GR Sizilio, AD Neto, RA Valentim, AM Guerreiro	BioMedical Engineering OnLine	2011
Hyperglycaemia and apoptosis of microglial cells in human septic shock A Polito, JP Brouland, R Porcher, R Sonneville, S Siami, RD Stevens, C Guidoux, V Maxime, GL de la Grandmaison, FC Chrétien, F Gray, D Annane, T Sharshar	Critical Care	2011
Intravascular Microdialysis as a Method for Measuring Glucose and Lactate during and after Cardiac Surgery F Möller, J Liska, F Eidhagen, A Franco-Cereceda	Journal of diabetes science and technology	2011
Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Hospitalized Patients: Making It Safe and Effective DC Klonoff	Journal of diabetes science and technology	2011
Sepsis in diabetes: A bad duo S Tiwari, DD Pratyush, A Gahlot, SK Singh	Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews	2011
Intensive insulin therapy to maintain normoglycemia after cardiac surgery GV Berghe	HSR proceedings in intensive care & cardiovascular anesthesia	2011
An internet of things–based personal device for diabetes therapy management in ambient assisted living (AAL) AJ Jara, MA Zamora, AF Skarmeta	Personal and Ubiquitous Computing	2011
Glucose elevations and outcome in critically injured trauma patients Joseph J DuBose, Thomas M Scalea	Advances in Surgery	2011
Patient-Specific Modeling in Tomorrow's Medicine A Gefen		2011
Bench-to-bedside review: Glucose and stress conditions in the intensive care unit MR Losser, C Damoisel, D Payen	Critical Care	2010
Hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke: pathophysiology and clinical management ND Kruyt, GJ Biessels, JH DeVries, YB Roos	Nature Reviews Neurology	2010
The effect of Baihu Decoction (白虎汤) on blood glucose levels in treating systemic inflammatory response syndrome F Yang, C Hou	Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine	2010
Organ failure and tight glycemic control in the SPRINT study JG Chase, CG Pretty, L Pfeifer, GM Shaw, JC Preiser, AJ le Compte, J Lin, D Hewett, KT Moorhead, T Desaive	Critical Care	2010
Molecular mechanisms of hyperglycemia and cardiovascular-related events in critically ill patients: rationale for the clinical benefits of insulin therapy S Ellahham	Clinical epidemiology	2010
Atorvastatin improves survival in septic rats: effect on tissue inflammatory pathway and on insulin signaling KL Calisto, BM Carvalho, ER Ropelle, FC Mittestainer, AC Camacho, D Guadagnini, JB Carvalheira, MJ Saad	PloS one	2010
Clinical review: Strict or loose glycemic control in critically ill patients--implementing best available evidence from randomized controlled trials MJ Schultz, RE Harmsen, PE Spronk	Critical Care	2010
International recommendations for glucose control in adult non diabetic critically ill patients C Ichai, JC Preiser	Critical Care	2010
Insulin says NO to cardiovascular disease Q Yu, F Gao, XL Ma	Cardiovascular Research	2010
Disturbance of glucose homeostasis after pediatric cardiac surgery JJ Verhoeven, AC Hokken-Koelega, M Brinker, WC Hop, RJ van Thiel, AJ Bogers, WA Helbing, KF Joosten	Pediatric Cardiology	2010
Antidiabetic Potentiality of the Aqueous-Methanolic Extract of Seed of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Albino Rat: A Correlative and Evidence-Based Approach with Antioxidative and Antihyperlipidemic Activities D De, K Chatterjee, KM Ali, TK Bera, D Ghosh	Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM	2010
Concomitant therapy with pioglitazone and insulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes T Yamanouchi	Vascular Health and Risk Management	2010
Physiological and clinical role of insulin in the neonate K Beardsall, C Acerini, DB Dunger	Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism	2010
Glycaemic control in acute coronary syndromes: prognostic value and therapeutic options RD Caterina, R Madonna, H Sourij, T Wascher	European Heart Journal	2010
Differences in hospital glycemic control and insulin requirements in patients recovering from critical illness and those without prior critical illness AD Miller, LM Phillips, RM Schulz, PB Bookstaver, CN Rudisill	Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications	2010
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Reviews N Shafiq, M Singh, S Kaur, P Khosla, S Malhotra, N Shafiq	Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Reviews	2010
Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation IH de Boer	Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation	2010
Tkanka tłuszczowa jako narząd wydzielania wewnętrznego A Mazur, P Matusik, E Małecka-Tendera	Pediatria Polska	2010
Postoperative Wundinfektionen: Pathophysiologie, Risikofaktoren und präventive Konzepte T Hachenberg, M Sentürk, O Jannasch, H Lippert	Der Anaesthesist	2010
Recommandations francophones pour le contrôle glycémique en réanimation (patients diabétiques et pédiatrie exclus)**En partenariat avec l’Association de langue française pour l’étude du diabète et des maladies métaboliques (ALFEDIAM), l’Association des anesthésistes-réanimateurs pédiatres d’expression française (ADARPEF), le Groupe d’expression française des réanimateurs et urgentistes pédiatres (GEFRUP), la Société belge d’anesthésie-réanimation (SBAR), la Société francophone de nutrition clinique et métabolisme (SFNEP), la Société de réanimation belge intensive zorgen (SIZ) C Ichai	Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques	2010
Hiperglucemia de estrés y su control con insulina en el paciente crítico: evidencia actual W Manzanares, I Aramendi	Medicina Intensiva	2010
Effect of hyperglycemia on mortality rates in critically ill children S Kim, BE Kim, EJ Ha, MY Moon, SJ Park	Korean Journal of Pediatrics	2010
Impact of blood glucose values in patients with and without insulin treatment following paediatric cardiac surgery T Breuer, E Sápi, IL Hartyánszky, Z Cserép, P Vargha, A Treszl, MD Kertai, J Gál, M Tóth, A Szatmári, A Székely	Interventional Medicine and Applied Science	2010
Clinical benefits of tight glycaemic control: focus on the paediatric patient Ingeborg van den Heuvel, Dirk Vlasselaers	Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology	2010
Trauma, Critical Care and Surgical Emergencies S Nasraway, J Lee	Trauma, Critical Care and Surgical Emergencies	2010
Glycaemic Fluctuation Predicts Mortality in Critically Ill Patients HM Al-Dorzi, HM Tamim, YM Arabi	ANAESTH INTENS CARE	2010
Désordres métaboliques et réanimation C Ichai, H Quintard, JC Orban		2010
Chronic Ethanol Consumption-induced Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Apoptosis through Glucokinase Nitration and Its Down-regulation JY Kim, EH Song, HJ Lee, YK Oh, YS Park, JW Park, BJ Kim, DJ Kim, I Lee, J Song, WH Kim	The Journal of biological chemistry	2010
Pulmonary surfactant: an immunological perspective ZC Chroneos, Z Sever-Chroneos, VL Shepherd	Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology	2009
Hyperglycaemia results from beta-cell dysfunction in critically ill children with respiratory and cardiovascular failure: a prospective observational study CM Preissig, MR Rigby	Critical Care	2009
Hyperinsulinemia predicts survival in a hyperglycemic mouse model of critical illness* ME Woodske, T Yokoe, B Zou, LC Romano, TC Rosa, A Garcia-Ocana, LC Alonso, CP O’Donnell, BJ McVerry	Critical Care Medicine	2009
Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients: NICE-SUGAR or Leuven Blood Glucose Target? GV den Berghe, M Schetz, D Vlasselaers, G Hermans, A Wilmer, R Bouillon, D Mesotten	The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism	2009
Intensive perioperative glucose control does not improve outcomes of patients submitted to open-heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial RP Chan, FR Galas, LA Hajjar, CN Bello, MA Piccioni, JO Auler	Clinics (São Paulo, Brazil)	2009
Cleveland Clinic cardiovascular intensive care unit insulin conversion protocol L Olansky, S Sam, C Lober, JP Yared, B Hoogwerf	Journal of diabetes science and technology	2009
Metabolic aspects of critical illness polyneuromyopathy G Hermans, I Vanhorebeek, S Derde, GV Berghe	Critical Care Medicine	2009
Intensive insulin therapy for patients in paediatric intensive care: a prospective, randomised controlled study D Vlasselaers, I Milants, L Desmet, PJ Wouters, I Vanhorebeek, I Heuvel, D Mesotten, MP Casaer, G Meyfroidt, C Ingels, J Muller, SV Cromphaut, M Schetz, GV Berghe	The Lancet	2009
Does strict glucose control improve outcome? NR Webster, HF Galley	British Journal of Anaesthesia	2009
Clinical benefits of tight glycaemic control: effect on the kidney J Gunst, M Schetz	Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology	2009
A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children R Brusseau, LB Myers	A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children	2009
Métabolisme du glucose en situation pathologique aiguë MR Losser, C Damoisel, D Payen	Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation	2009
Perioperatives Management bei Diabetes mellitus P Rittler, UC Broedl, W Hartl, B Göke, K Jauch	Der Chirurg	2009
Subjecting Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients to Continuous Tube Feeding and an Intensive Computerized Protocol Establishes Tight Glycemic Control ND Kruyt, GJ Biessels, TM Vriesendorp, JH DeVries, JB Hoekstra, PW Elbers, LJ Kappelle, P Portegies, M Vermeulen, YB Roos	Neurocritical Care	2009
Health, treatment and health care resources consumption profile among Spanish adults with diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease R Jimenez-Garcia, J Miguel-Díez, J Rejas-Gutierrez, A Martín-Centeno, E Gobartt-Vázquez, V Hernandez-Barrera, AG de Miguel, P Carrasco-Garrido	Primary Care Diabetes	2009
Postoperative hyperglycaemia of diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery - a clinical audit D Lehwaldt, M Kingston, S O'Connor	Nursing in Critical Care	2009
Perioperative Einstellung und Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus JF Zander, A Risse	Der Orthopäde	2009
Recommandations francophones pour le contrôle glycémique en réanimation (patients diabétiques et pédiatrie exclus) C Ichai	Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme	2009
Parenteral nutrition in neonatal foals: Clinical description, complications and outcome in 53 foals (1995–2005) CJ Myers, KG Magdesian, PH Kass, JE Madigan, DM Rhodes, SL Marks	The Veterinary Journal	2009
Le contrôle glycémique en réanimation J Gunst, I Vanhorebeek, GV Berghe	Annales Françaises d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation	2009
Is nurse-managed blood glucose control in critical care as safe and effective as the traditional sliding scale method? G Adams, J Hunter, J Langley	Intensive and Critical Care Nursing	2009
Infarktbedingter kardiogener Schock – Diagnose, Monitoring und Therapie M Buerke, M Russ, R Prondzinsky, K Werdan	Intensivmedizin + Notfallmedizin	2009
Incretin-Based Therapies: Review of the Outpatient Literature with Implications for Use in the Hospital and After Discharge B Bode, A Amin	Hospital Practice	2009
Accuracy of different methods for blood glucose measurement in critically ill patients SA Júnior, MS de Assunção, BF Mazza, HS Fernandes, M Jackiu, FG Freitas, FR Machado	Sao Paulo Medical Journal	2009
The Physiologic Response and Associated Clinical Benefits From Provision of Early Enteral Nutrition SA McClave, DK Heyland	Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition	2009
Safety and Efficacy of Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Thermal Injury MP Patel, KA Weant, BA Ritter, BA Cairns	Hospital Pharmacy	2009
Intensive Care Medicine JL Vincent	Intensive Care Medicine	2009
Traité de nutrition de la personne âgée X Hébuterne, E Alix, A Raynaud-Simon, B Vellas		2009
Management of Acute Kidney Problems A Jörres, C Ronco, JA Kellum		2009
Polymerized Crystalline Colloidal Array Sensing of High Glucose Concentrations MM Muscatello, LE Stunja, SA Asher	Analytical Chemistry	2009
Accuracy of different methods for blood glucose measurement in critically ill patients. Pulzi Júnior SA, Assunção MS, Mazza BF, Fernandes Hda S, Jackiu M, Freitas FG, Machado FR	Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina	2009
Modulation of regional nitric oxide metabolism: Blood glucose control or insulin? B Ellger, L Langouche, M Richir, Y Debaveye, I Vanhorebeek, PA Leeuwen, G Berghe	Intensive Care Medicine	2008
Intensive insulin therapy in the intensive care unit GV Berghe, D Mesotten, I Vanhorebeek	CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne	2008
Glucose dysmetabolism and prognosis in critical illness C Lazzeri, R Tarquini, F Giunta, GF Gensini	Internal and Emergency Medicine	2008
Association Between Intraoperative and Early Postoperative Glucose Levels and Adverse Outcomes After Complex Congenital Heart Surgery A Polito, RR Thiagarajan, PC Laussen, K Gauvreau, MS Agus, MA Scheurer, FA Pigula, JM Costello	Circulation	2008
Insulin Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (Akt) Pathway Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mice LB Kidd, GA Schabbauer, JP Luyendyk, TD Holscher, RE Tilley, M Tencati, N Mackma	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics	2008
Glycemic Control Modulates Arginine and Asymmetrical-Dimethylarginine Levels during Critical Illness by Preserving Dimethylarginine-Dimethylaminohydrolase Activity B Ellger, MC Richir, PA van Leeuwen, Y Debaveye, L Langouche, I Vanhorebeek, T Teerlink, GV den Berghe	Endocrinology	2008
Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the muscle transcriptome in ICU patients suffering from sepsis induced multiple organ failure K Fredriksson, I Tjäder, P Keller, N Petrovic, B Ahlman, C Schéele, J Wernerman, JA Timmons, O Rooyackers	PloS one	2008
Effect of early insulin therapy on nuclear factor κB and cytokine gene expressions in the liver and skeletal muscle of high-fat diet, streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats Y Bi, WP Sun, X Chen, M Li, H Liang, MY Cai, YH Zhu, XY He, F Xu, JP Weng	Acta Diabetologica	2008
Clinical review: Critical care management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage F Rincon, SA Mayer	Critical Care	2008
Glycaemic control and perioperative organ protection J Berkers, J Gunst, I Vanhorebeek, GV Berghe	Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology	2008
Glucose, insulin, coagulation: endotoxin as exohormone JC Marshall	Blood	2008
Insulin, glucose control and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome M Schetz, I Vanhorebeek, GV Berghe	Journal of Organ Dysfunction	2008
Die VISEP-Studie: ein Schritt vorwärts, zwei Schritte zurück L Engelmann	Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin	2008
Effect of Intensive Insulin Therapy and Pentastarch Resuscitation on Acute Kidney Injury in Severe Sepsis G Thomas, EM Balk, BL Jaber	American Journal of Kidney Diseases	2008
Experimental Therapeutic Strategies for Severe Sepsis WR Parrish, M Gallowitsch-Puerta, CJ Czura, KJ Tracey	Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences	2008
Management of Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Poisoning AC Anderson	Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine	2008
Epidemiology of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes M Vaxillaire, P Froguel	Epidemiology of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes	2008
Homocysteine Upregulates Resistin Production From Adipocytes In Vivo and In Vitro Y Li, C Jiang, G Xu, N Wang, Y Zhu, C Tang, X Wang	Diabetes	2008
Higher Body Mass Index Predicts Need for Insulin but Not Hyperglycemia, Nosocomial Infection, or Death in Critically Ill Surgical Patients F Pieracci, L Hydo, S Eachempati, A Pomp, J Shou, PS Barie	Surgical Infections	2008
Glucose Levels and Insulin Secretion in Surgery-Induced Hyperglycemia in Normoglycemic Obese Patients M Michalaki, V Kyriazopoulou, P Mylonas, MI Argentou, Y Debaveye, F Kalfarentzos, AG Vagenakis	Obesity Surgery	2008
Insulin therapy in preterm newborns K Beardsall, D Dunger	Early Human Development	2008
Medical Management of the Surgical Patient K Furlong, I Ahmed, S Jabbour	Medical Management of the Surgical Patient	2008
Hyperglycemia and the Outcome of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients Requiring Peritoneal Dialysis M Egi, H Morimatsu, Y Toda, T Matsusaki, S Suzuki, K Shimizu, T Iwasaki, M Takeuchi, R Bellomo, K Morita	The International Journal of Artificial Organs	2008
Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine JL Vincent		2008
Continuous Infusion of Subcutaneous Compared to Intravenous Insulin for Tight Glycaemic Control in Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients HA Bodur, F Saygili, S Saygili, LH Doganay, S Yesil	ANAESTH INTENS CARE	2008
Controversies in Treating Diabetes D LeRoith, AI Vinik		2008
Neues aus Kardiologie und Rhythmologie HJ Trappe		2008
Pathophysiology of sepsis DG Remick	The American Journal of Pathology	2007
The relationship between blood glucose control and intolerance to enteral feeding during critical illness N Nguyen, K Ching, R Fraser, M Chapman, R Holloway	Intensive Care Medicine	2007
Tight Blood Glucose Control With Insulin in the ICU I Vanhorebeek, L Langouche, GV Berghe	Chest	2007
Blutzuckerkontrolle bei Patienten mit Sepsis und septischem Schock: Freund oder Feind? B Ellger, M Westphal, HD Stubbe, IV den Heuvel, HV Aken, GV den Berghe	Der Anaesthesist	2007
Mechanisms of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction E Abraham, M Singer	Critical Care Medicine	2007
Nutrition Support in Severe Acute Pancreatitis SJ O'Keefe, S Sharma	Gastroenterology Clinics of North America	2007
Is There a Role for Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients With Kidney Disease? S Ritchie-McLean, C Kirwan, JB Levy	American Journal of Kidney Diseases	2007
Intensive insulin treatment in coronary and intensive care C Jones, M Fisher	Practical Diabetes International	2007
Amino acid infusion during anesthesia attenuates the surgery induced decline in IGF-1 and diminishes the "diabetes of injury" MK Wallin, E Selldén, S Eksborg, K Brismar	Nutrition & Metabolism	2007
Perioperative tight glycemic control: the challenge of bariatric surgery patients and the fear of hypoglycemic events B Joseph, J Genaw, A Carlin, J Jordan, J Talley, I Rubinfeld	The Permanente journal	2007
Predictive monitoring for improved management of glucose levels J Reifman, S Rajaraman, A Gribok, WK Ward	Journal of diabetes science and technology	2007
Hepatic surgery-related hypophosphatemia HK Datta, M Malik, RD Neely	Clinica Chimica Acta	2007
Nutritional interventions in critical illness J Powell-Tuck	Proceedings of the Nutrition Society	2007
Therapy Insight: the effect of tight glycemic control in acute illness L Langouche, I Vanhorebeek, GV Berghe	Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism	2007
HbA1c is outcome predictor in diabetic patients with sepsis I Gornik, O Gornik, V Gašparović	Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice	2007
The effect of iNOS deletion on hepatic gluconeogenesis in hyperdynamic murine septic shock G Albuszies, J Vogt, U Wachter, C Thiemermann, XM Leverve, S Weber, M Georgieff, P Radermacher, E Barth	Intensive Care Medicine	2007
Blutzuckerkontrolle bei Patienten mit Sepsis und septischem Schock B Ellger, M Westphal, HD Stubbe, IV Heuvel, HV Aken, GV Berghe	Der Anaesthesist	2007
Insulin therapy in the pediatric intensive care unit SC Verbruggen, KF Joosten, L Castillo, JB van Goudoever	Clinical Nutrition	2007
Blood glucose control in critical care patients ? a review of the literature P Parsons, P Watkinson	Nursing in Critical Care	2007
Molecular Activity of Insulin and Selective Insulin Resistance GF Marquezine, BL Wajchenberg	The Endocrinologist	2007
Inpatient diabetes management in general medical and surgical settings: evidence and update DJ Wexler	Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research	2007
Failure to achieve glycemic control despite intensive insulin therapy in a medical ICU: incidence and influence on ICU mortality JC Lacherade, P Jabre, S Bastuji-Garin, D Grimaldi, P Fangio, V Théron, H Outin, B Jonghe	Intensive Care Medicine	2007
Transforming the Surgical "Time-Out" Into a Comprehensive "Preparatory Pause" A Backster, A Teo, M Swift, HC Polk, AH Harken	Journal of Cardiac Surgery	2007
Testing the waters*: JJ Zimmerman	Pediatric Critical Care Medicine	2007
On rendering continuous glucose monitoring ready for prime time in the cardiac care unit: M Rowen, DJ Schneider, RE Pratley, BE Sobel	Coronary Artery Disease	2007
Insulin and the burned patient: HF Pidcoke, CE Wade, SE Wolf	Critical Care Medicine	2007
Tight blood glucose control: What is the evidence?: I Vanhorebeek, L Langouche, GV Berghe	Critical Care Medicine	2007
Glucose metabolism and catecholamines: E Barth, G Albuszies, K Baumgart, M Matejovic, U Wachter, J Vogt, P Radermacher, E Calzia	Critical Care Medicine	2007
A history of adjunctive glucocorticoid treatment for pediatric sepsis: Moving beyond steroid pulp fiction toward evidence-based medicine: JJ Zimmerman	Pediatric Critical Care Medicine	2007
Current Controversy Related to Glucocorticoid and Insulin Therapy in The Intensive Care Unit LS Klaff, BE Wisse	Endocrine Practice	2007
Insulin Resistance and Thrombogenesis: Recent Insights and Therapeutic Implications HA Baalbaki, DS Bell	Endocrine Practice	2007
Addition of Pioglitazone and Ramipril to Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Improves Vascular Dysfunction by Different Mechanisms M Fernandez, C Triplitt, E Wajcberg, AA Sriwijilkamol, N Musi, K Cusi, R DeFronzo, E Cersosimo	Diabetes care	2007
Influence of enteral versus parenteral nutrition on blood glucose control in acute pancreatitis: A systematic review MS Petrov, VE Zagainov	Clinical Nutrition	2007
Trauma and Aggressive Homeostasis Management D Baranov, P Neligan	Anesthesiology clinics	2007
Expanded Surgical Time Out: A Key to Real-Time Data Collection and Quality Improvement T Altpeter, K Luckhardt, JN Lewis, AH Harken, HC Polk	Journal of the American College of Surgeons	2007
Impact of Intensive Insulin Therapy on Neuromuscular Complications and Ventilator Dependency in the Medical Intensive Care Unit G Hermans, A Wilmer, W Meersseman, I Milants, PJ Wouters, H Bobbaers, F Bruyninckx, GV Berghe	American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine	2007
Achieving tight glycaemic control C Ball, K Beer, A Gomm, B Hickman, P Collins	Intensive and Critical Care Nursing	2007
Insulin versus vasopressin and epinephrine to treat β-blocker toxicity JS Holger, KM Engebretsen, SJ Fritzlar, LC Patten, CR Harris, TJ Flottemesch	Clinical Toxicology	2007
Faut-il obtenir un contrôle strict des hyperglycémies dans les exacerbations de BPCO ? PR Burgel, N Roche	Revue des Maladies Respiratoires	2007
Blood Glucose in Horses with Acute Abdominal Disease AR Hollis, RC Boston, KT Corley	Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine	2007
Systemic Response to Inflammation BB MD	Nutrition Reviews	2007
Achieving normoglycemia in hospitalized patients A Szymborska-Kajanek, K Sosada, K Strojek	Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice	2007
Evaluación de un protocolo de perfusión continua de insulina en enfermos críticos IS Garzón, MM Acquaroni, AR Caño, AA García, PS Rodríguez	Medicina Intensiva	2007
Lo que el cardiólogo debe conocer sobre antidiabéticos orales e insulinas JF Torres	Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos	2007
Mechanisms of Sepsis-Induced Organ Dysfunction and Recovery E Abraham, M Singer		2007
Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte N Cano, D Barnoud, SM Schneider, MP Vasson, M Hasselmann, X Leverve		2007
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices about tight glycemic control in the critically ill among endocrinologists and intensivists practicing in Chennai S Mahadevan, V Gopichandran, L Ravikumar, G Parasuraman, A Sathya, B Srinivasan, U Sriram	Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine	2007
Glycemic Control and Critical Illness: Is the Kidney Involved? RL Mehta	Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN	2007
Blood Glucose Control by a Model Predictive Control Algorithm with Variable Sampling Rate Versus a Routine Glucose Management Protocol in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial R Hovorka, J Kremen, J Blaha, M Matias, K Anderlova, L Bosanska, T Roubicek, ME Wilinska, LJ Chassin, S Svacina, M Haluzik	The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism	2007
Failure to achieve glycemic control despite intensive insulin therapy in a medical ICU: incidence and influence on ICU mortality JC Lacherade, P Jabre, S Bastuji-Garin, D Grimaldi, P Fangio, V Théron, H Outin, BD Jonghe	Intensive Care Medicine	2007
Increased production of reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic conditions requires dynamic change of mitochondrial morphology T Yu, JL Robotham, Y Yoon	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences	2006
Increased Subcutaneous and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Possible Role in Postoperative Insulin Resistance J Kremen, M Dolinkova, J Krajickova, J Blaha, K Anderlova, Z Lacinova, D Haluzikova, L Bosanska, M Vokurka, S Svacina, M Haluzik	The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism	2006
Hypoglycaemia: the limiting factor in the glycaemic management of the critically ill? PE Cryer	Diabetologia	2006
Survival benefits of intensive insulin therapy in critical illness: impact of maintaining normoglycemia versus glycemia-independent actions of insulin B Ellger, Y Debaveye, I Vanhorebeek, L Langouche, A Giulietti, EV Etten, P Herijgers, C Mathieu, GV Berghe	Diabetes	2006
Perioperative Glucose Control in the Diabetic or Nondiabetic Patient DD Smiley, GE Umpierrez	Southern Medical Journal	2006
Diabetes of Injury: Novel Insights I Vanhorebeek, GV Berghe	Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America	2006
Model-based glycaemic control in critical care—A review of the state of the possible JG Chase, GM Shaw, XW Wong, T Lotz, J Lin, CE Hann	Biomedical Signal Processing and Control	2006
Towards a feasible algorithm for tight glycaemic control in critically ill patients: a systematic review of the literature S Meijering, AM Corstjens, JE Tulleken, JH Meertens, JG Zijlstra, JJ Ligtenberg	Critical Care	2006
Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease EH Baker, CH Janaway, BJ Philips, AL Brennan, DL Baines, DM Wood, PW Jones	Thorax	2006
Glucose, insulin and myocardial ischaemia P Devos, R Chioléro, GV Berghe, JC Preiser	Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care	2006
Critical illness myopathy: what is happening? O Friedrich	Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care	2006
Intensive Insulin Therapy in the Medical ICU GV Berghe, A Wilmer, G Hermans, W Meersseman, PJ Wouters, I Milants, EV Wijngaerden, H Bobbaers, R Bouillon	New England Journal of Medicine	2006
Intensive Insulin Therapy in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery Patients: Evidence from the Leuven Randomized Study I Vanhorebeek, C Ingels, GV Berghe	Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery	2006
Nicht alles ist so wie es scheint... die intensivierte Insulintherapie auf dem Prüfstand U Janssens, J Graf	Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin	2006
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are sensitive to the TNF-?-lowering effect of glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia JJ Puder, S Varga, CP Nusbaumer, H Zulewski, S Bilz, B Müller, U Keller	European Journal of Clinical Investigation	2006
Intravenous glucose intake independently related to intensive care unit and hospital mortality: an argument for glucose toxicity in critically ill patients PH der Voort, RA Feenstra, AJ Bakker, L Heide, EC Boerma, IC der Horst	Clinical Endocrinology	2006
Die Bedeutung des „second hit“ für den Sepsisverlauf L Engelmann, S Petros, K Gundelach, K Wegscheider	Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin	2006
Endocrine aspects of acute and prolonged critical illness I Vanhorebeek, L Langouche, GV Berghe	Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism	2006
Risks and Benefits of Nutritional Support During Critical Illness Y Debaveye, GV Berghe	Annual Review of Nutrition	2006
„Critical illness myopathy“ bei Intensivpatienten: Pathogenetische Konzepte und klinisches Management O Friedrich, E Hund	Der Anaesthesist	2006
Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Therapy L Langouche, GV Berghe	Critical Care Clinics	2006
Physiologically Tolerable Insulin Reduces Myocardial Injury and Improves Cardiac Functional Recovery in Myocardial Ischemic/Reperfused Dogs: HX Zhang, YM Zang, JH Huo, SJ Liang, HF Zhang, YM Wang, Q Fan, WY Guo, HC Wang, F Gao	Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology	2006
Obesity and Diabetes: Evidence of Increased Perioperative Risk? PJ Neligan, LA Fleisher	Anesthesiology	2006
Perioperative glucose control: J Krinsley	Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology	2006
Patient-safety and quality initiatives in the intensive-care unit: B Winters, T Dorman	Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology	2006
Hyperglycemia Has a Stronger Relation with Outcome in Trauma Patients than in Other Critically Ill Patients: M Vogelzang, JM Nijboer, IC van der Horst, F Zijlstra, HJ Duis, MW Nijsten	The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care	2006
The diabetic surgical patient: VK Moitra, SE Meiler	Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology	2006
Hyperglycemia is a marker for poor outcome in the postoperative pediatric cardiac patient*: AR Yates, PC 2nd, R Taeed, TM Hoffman, J Hayes, TF Feltes, CL Cua	Pediatric Critical Care Medicine	2006
What???s new in pediatric intensive care: JA Carcillo	Critical Care Medicine	2006
Tight Glycemic Control-A Review: D Alter	Point of Care: The Journal of Near-Patient Testing & Technology	2006
Diabetes Mellitus and Anesthesia A Tuttnauer, PD Levin	Anesthesiology Clinics of North America	2006
Hyperglycémie et pathologies aiguës N Jeandidier, S Boullu-Sanchis	Annales d'Endocrinologie	2006
The Importance of Insulin Administration in the Critical Care Unit PA Lipsett	Advances in Surgery	2006
Hyperglycaemia and pulmonary infection EH Baker, DM Wood, AL Brennan, N Clark, DL Baines, BJ Philips	Proceedings of the Nutrition Society	2006
INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: UPDATE ON CLINICAL IMPACT AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION I Vanhorebeek, L Langouche, GV Berghe	Endocrine Practice	2006
Intensive Insulin Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: Assessment by continuous glucose monitoring CD Block, B Manuel-y-Keenoy, LV Gaal, P Rogiers	Diabetes care	2006
Insulin prevents oxidant-induced endothelial cell barrier dysfunction via nitric oxide–dependent pathway S Rath, T Kalogeris, N Mai, G Zibari, JS Alexander, D Lefer, RH Turnage	Surgery	2006
Intraoperative Management of Hyperglycemia in the Cardiac Surgical Patient AJ Rassias	Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery	2006
The Neuroendocrine Response to Critical Illness is a Dynamic Process I Vanhorebeek, GV Berghe	Critical Care Clinics	2006
Total parenteral nutrition–associated hyperglycemia correlates with prolonged mechanical ventilation and hospital stay in septic infants DI Alaedeen, MC Walsh, WJ Chwals	Journal of Pediatric Surgery	2006
Influence of Cardiac Risk Factors and Medication on Length of Hospitalization in Patients Undergoing Major Vascular Surgery MA van de Pol, M Houdenhoven, EW Hans, E Boersma, JJ Bax, HH Feringa, O Schouten, MR van Sambeek, D Poldermans	The American Journal of Cardiology	2006
Effects of Outcome on In-Hospital Transition from Intravenous Insulin Infusion to Subcutaneous Therapy AP Furnary, SS Braithwaite	The American Journal of Cardiology	2006
Future perspective: getting GRIP on intensive insulin therapy in acute myocardial infarction M Vogelzang, I C C van der Horst	Netherlands Heart Journal	2006
Pharmacist Designed and Nursing-driven Insulin Infusion Protocol to Achieve and Maintain Glycemic Control in Critical Care Patients: L Scheuren, B Baetz, MJ Cawley, RA Fitzpatrick, R Cachecho	Journal of Trauma Nursing	2006
Cost Analysis of Intensive Glycemic Control in Critically Ill Adult Patients JS Krinsley, RL Jones	Chest	2006
Glycaemic control in trauma patients, is there a role? L Langouche, I Vanhorebeek, GV Berghe	Trauma	2006
Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome SK Vora, RA Asherson, D Erkan	Journal of Intensive Care Medicine	2006
Diagnostik und Intensivtherapie bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen L Engelmann, HP Schuster		2006
Intensive insulin therapy protects the endothelium of critically ill patients Lies Langouche, Ilse Vanhorebeek, Dirk Vlasselaers, Sarah Vander Perre, Pieter J. Wouters, Kristin Skogstrand, Troels K. Hansen, Greet Van den Berghe	Journal of Clinical Investigation	2005
Beneficial effects of intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients RW Schrier	Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation	2005
The potential dangers of treating head injury patients with corticosteroids F Cavaliere, S Masieri	Expert Opinion on Drug Safety	2005
Insulin and insulin resistance G Wilcox	The Clinical biochemist. Reviews / Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists	2005
Role of histone and transcription factor acetylation in diabetes pathogenesis SG Gray, PD Meyts	Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews	2005
Pharmacological control of blood sugar B Pleuvry	Anaesthesia & intensive care medicine	2005
NeuroImmune Biology R Solana, G Pawelec	NeuroImmune Biology	2005
Glycemic and nonglycemic effects of insulin: how do they contribute to a better outcome of critical illness?: I Vanhorebeek, L Langouche, GV Berghe	Current Opinion in Critical Care	2005
Hyperglycemia in children: Unique challenges???unanswered questions*: MM Mariscalco	Pediatric Critical Care Medicine	2005
5. Carbohydrates: &NA;	Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition	2005
Prophylactic fenoldopam for renal protection? No, thank you, not for me???Not yet at least*: JA Kellum	Critical Care Medicine	2005
The Role of Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients: L Langouche, I Vanhorebeek, GV Berghe	Treatments in Endocrinology	2005
What’s New in General Surgery: Critical Care and Trauma LM Napolitano	Journal of the American College of Surgeons	2005
Le glucose : substrat ou poison ? C Ichai, JC Orban, D Deroche	Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation	2005
Admission Hyperglycemia and Other Risk Factors as Predictors of Hospital Mortality in a Medical ICU Population AX Freire, L Bridges, GE Umpierrez, D Kuhl, AE Kitabchi	Chest	2005
The role of noggin in regulation of high glucose-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion in INS-1 rat beta cells Wei Zhang, Zhanjiang Yu, Fengchun Deng	Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
The 2016 ESPEN Sir David Cuthbertson lecture: Interfering with neuroendocrine and metabolic responses to critical illness: From acute to long-term consequences GV Berghe	Clinical Nutrition	2016
Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care D Youssef, K Amrein, C Schnedl, H Dobnig, AN Peiris	Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care	2015
A Tight Glycemic Control Initiative in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Hospitalwide HM Horst, I Rubinfeld, M Mlynarek, MM Brandt, G Boleski, J Jordan, G Gnam, W Conway	The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety	2010
Atorvastatin Improves Survival in Septic Rats: Effect on Tissue Inflammatory Pathway and on Insulin Signaling KL Calisto, BM Carvalho, ER Ropelle, FC Mittestainer, AC Camacho, D Guadagnini, JB Carvalheira, MJ Saad, JA Calbet	PloS one	2010
Conversion from Continuous Insulin Infusions to Subcutaneous Insulin in Critically III Patients KA Weant, A Ladha	The Annals of pharmacotherapy	2009
Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics and the Muscle Transcriptome in ICU Patients Suffering from Sepsis Induced Multiple Organ Failure K Fredriksson, I Tjäder, P Keller, N Petrovic, B Ahlman, C Schéele, J Wernerman, JA Timmons, O Rooyackers, P Bozza	PloS one	2008
Aortic Arch Atheroma: Stroke Reduction in Cardiac Surgical Patients GN Djaiani	Seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia	2006
Hyperglycemia During Critical Illness SA Nasraway	JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition	2006
Insulin vs. strict blood glucose control to achieve a survival benefit after AMI? GV den Berghe	European Heart Journal	2005
Intensive and Critical Care Medicine A Gullo, PD Lumb		2005
Tissue Thyroid Hormone Levels in Critical Illness RP Peeters, S van der Geyten, PJ Wouters, VM Darras, H van Toor, E Kaptein, TJ Visser, GV den Berghe	The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism	2005
How Obesity Causes Diabetes: Not a Tall Tale MA Lazar	Science	2005

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