Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is believed to induce disease and death in humans in an endotoxic shock–like manner. A comprehensive study of the effects of anthrax toxin in mice demonstrates that toxin-induced death is mediated not by cytokine release, as previously thought, but by hypoxia-induced liver failure. The study strongly suggests that the therapies developed for treatment of cytokine-mediated septic shock will not be appropriate for the treatment of anthrax.
Alice S. Prince
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Acquired coagulant factor VIII deficiency induced by Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin in mice
DS Sun, PC Lee, JH Kau, YL Shih, HH Huang, CR Li, CC Lee, YP Wu, KC Chen, HH Chang |
Virulence | 2015 |
Lessons for Control of Heroin-Associated Anthrax in Europe from 2009–2010 Outbreak Case Studies, London, UK
Abbara A, Brooks T, Taylor GP, Nolan M, Donaldson H, Manikon M, Holmes A |
Emerging infectious diseases | 2014 |
The sepsis model: an emerging hypothesis for the lethality of inhalation anthrax
KM Coggeshall, F Lupu, J Ballard, JP Metcalf, JA James, D Farris, S Kurosawa |
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine | 2013 |
Modeling the host response to inhalation anthrax.
Day J, Friedman A, Schlesinger LS |
Journal of Theoretical Biology | 2011 |
Pulmonary surfactant: an immunological perspective
ZC Chroneos, Z Sever-Chroneos, VL Shepherd |
Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology | 2009 |
Resistance of human alveolar macrophages to Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin.
Wu W, Mehta H, Chakrabarty K, Booth JL, Duggan ES, Patel KB, Ballard JD, Coggeshall KM, Metcalf JP |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 2009 |
Non-canonical effects of anthrax toxins on haematopoiesis: implications for vaccine development
K Liu, EW Wong, SE Schutzer, ND Connell, A Upadhyay, M Bryan, P Rameshwar |
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine | 2008 |
Murine Innate Immune Response to Virulent Toxigenic and Nontoxigenic Bacillus anthracis Strains
M Drysdale, G Olson, TM Koehler, MF Lipscomb, CR Lyons |
Infection and immunity | 2007 |
Binary bacterial toxins: biochemistry, biology, and applications of common Clostridium and Bacillus proteins
H Barth, K Aktories, MR Popoff, BG Stiles |
Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR | 2004 |