A phase I/II study on intracerebroventricular tralesinidase alfa in patients with Sanfilippo syndrome type B

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Abstract

Background Sanfilippo type B is a mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) with a major neuronopathic component characterized by heparan sulfate (HS) accumulation due to mutations in the NAGLU gene encoding alfa-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase. Enzyme replacement therapy for neuronopathic MPS requires efficient enzyme delivery throughout the brain in order to normalize HS levels, prevent brain atrophy, and potentially delay cognitive decline.Methods In this phase I/II open-label study, patients with MPS type IIIB (n = 22) were treated with tralesinidase alfa administered i.c.v. The patients were monitored for drug exposure; total HS and HS nonreducing end (HS-NRE) levels in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma; anti-drug antibody response; brain, spleen, and liver volumes as measured by MRI; and cognitive development as measured by age-equivalent (AEq) scores.Results In the Part 1 dose escalation (30, 100, and 300 mg) phase, a 300 mg dose of tralesinidase alfa was necessary to achieve normalization of HS and HS-NRE levels in the CSF and plasma. In Part 2, 300 mg tralesinidase alfa sustained HS and HS-NRE normalization in the CSF and stabilized cortical gray matter volume (CGMV) over 48 weeks of treatment. Resolution of hepatomegaly and a reduction in spleen volume were observed in most patients. Significant correlations were also established between the change in cognitive AEq score and plasma drug exposure, plasma HS-NRE levels, and CGMV.Conclusion Administration of tralesinidase alfa i.c.v. effectively normalized HS and HS-NRE levels as a prerequisite for clinical efficacy. Peripheral drug exposure data suggest a role for the glymphatic system in altering tralesinidase alfa efficacy.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02754076.FUNDING BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Allievex Corporation.

Authors

Nicole Muschol, Anja Koehn, Katharina von Cossel, Ilyas Okur, Fatih Ezgu, Paul Harmatz, Maria J. de Castro Lopez, Maria Luz Couce, Shuan-Pei Lin, Spyros Batzios, Maureen Cleary, Martha Solano, Igor Nestrasil, Brian Kaufman, Adam J. Shaywitz, Stephen M. Maricich, Bernice Kuca, Joseph Kovalchin, Eric Zanelli