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Upregulation of NKG2D ligands impairs hematopoietic stem cell function in Fanconi anemia
José A. Casado, … , Paula Rio, Juan A. Bueren
José A. Casado, … , Paula Rio, Juan A. Bueren
Published June 7, 2022
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2022;132(15):e142842. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI142842.
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Research Article Immunology

Upregulation of NKG2D ligands impairs hematopoietic stem cell function in Fanconi anemia

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Abstract

Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most prevalent inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms of BMF in FA have not been fully elucidated. Since FA cells are defective in DNA repair, we hypothesized that FA hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) might express DNA damage–associated stress molecules such as natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2D-Ls). These ligands could then interact with the activating NKG2D receptor expressed in cytotoxic NK or CD8+ T cells, which may result in progressive HSPC depletion. Our results indeed demonstrated upregulated levels of NKG2D-Ls in cultured FA fibroblasts and T cells, and these levels were further exacerbated by mitomycin C or formaldehyde. Notably, a high proportion of BM CD34+ HSPCs from patients with FA also expressed increased levels of NKG2D-Ls, which correlated inversely with the percentage of CD34+ cells in BM. Remarkably, the reduced clonogenic potential characteristic of FA HSPCs was improved by blocking NKG2D–NKG2D-L interactions. Moreover, the in vivo blockage of these interactions in a BMF FA mouse model ameliorated the anemia in these animals. Our study demonstrates the involvement of NKG2D–NKG2D-L interactions in FA HSPC functionality, suggesting an unexpected role of the immune system in the progressive BMF that is characteristic of FA.

Authors

José A. Casado, Antonio Valeri, Rebeca Sanchez-Domínguez, Paula Vela, Andrea López, Susana Navarro, Omaira Alberquilla, Helmut Hanenberg, Roser Pujol, José-Carlos Segovia, Jordi Minguillón, Jordi Surrallés, Cristina Díaz de Heredia, Julián Sevilla, Paula Rio, Juan A. Bueren

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Figure 7

Implications of NKG2D–NKG2D-L interactions in a Fanca–/– mouse BMF model.

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Implications of NKG2D–NKG2D-L interactions in a Fanca–/– mouse BMF model...
(A) Experimental protocol used for evaluating the effect of NKG2D–NKG2D-L interactions in the BMF induced by MMC in Fanca–/– mice. Mice were periodically treated with an isotype control or an anti-NKG2D mAb, prior to and after initiating MMC treatment (2 doses of 0.3 mg/kg). PB samples from Fanca–/– mice were obtained prior to and after treatment. (B) Representative flow cytometric analysis showing expression of NKG2D-Ls in Lin–c-Kit+ cells from Fanca–/– mice treated with MMC compared with expression in untreated mice. (C) Proportion of Lin–c-Kit+ cells and LSK cells positive for NKG2D-Ls at the end of the experimental protocol (day 14) in untreated or MMC-treated Fanca–/– mice receiving the isotype control or the anti-NKG2D antibody. (D) Proportion of NK cells and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and their respective activated subpopulations in mononuclear BM cells from Fanca–/– mice treated as in C. (E) Comparative analysis of PB cell parameters in MMC-treated Fanca–/– mice that received the isotype control (blue dots) or the anti-NKG2D mAB (red dots). Each dot shows changes in PB parameters on days 7 and 14 after MMC treatment with respect to the values determined on day –4 (prior to starting mAb and MMC treatments), which were considered as 100%. The mean PB values corresponding to the isotype control– and the anti-NKG2D–treated groups on day –4 were, respectively, hemoglobin: 14.53 and 13.38 g/dL; RBCs: 10.37 and 9.32 × 106 cells/μL; WBCs: 4.64 and 5.08 × 103 cells/μL; platelets: 1002 and 914 × 103 cells/μL. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare day 7 mean values and an unpaired t test to compare day 14 mean values according to the respective data distributions. Whiskers represent the minimum and maximum values, the lower and upper box edges correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively, and the lines within the boxes correspond to the median.

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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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