Usage Information

Hypoxia-inducible factors and obstructive sleep apnea
Nanduri R. Prabhakar, … , Ying-Jie Peng, Jayasri Nanduri
Nanduri R. Prabhakar, … , Ying-Jie Peng, Jayasri Nanduri
Published July 30, 2020
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2020;130(10):5042-5051. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI137560.
View: Text | PDF
Review Series Article has an altmetric score of 4

Hypoxia-inducible factors and obstructive sleep apnea

Abstract

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a widespread disorder of breathing. This Review focuses on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cognitive decline in experimental models of IH patterned after O2 profiles seen in OSA. IH increases HIF-1α and decreases HIF-2α protein levels. Dysregulated HIFs increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) through HIF-1–dependent activation of pro-oxidant enzyme genes in addition to reduced transcription of antioxidant genes by HIF-2. ROS in turn activate chemoreflex and suppress baroreflex, thereby stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and causing hypertension. We also discuss how increased ROS generation by HIF-1 contributes to IH-induced insulin resistance and T2D as well as disrupted NMDA receptor signaling in the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive decline.

Authors

Nanduri R. Prabhakar, Ying-Jie Peng, Jayasri Nanduri

×

Usage data is cumulative from April 2024 through April 2025.

Usage JCI PMC
Text version 3,924 1,942
PDF 247 373
Figure 217 18
Citation downloads 91 0
Totals 4,479 2,333
Total Views 6,812
(Click and drag on plot area to zoom in. Click legend items above to toggle)

Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.

Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.

Advertisement