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Citations to this article

Short-term alterations in carbohydrate energy intake in humans. Striking effects on hepatic glucose production, de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis, and whole-body fuel selection.
J M Schwarz, … , D Dare, M K Hellerstein
J M Schwarz, … , D Dare, M K Hellerstein
Published December 1, 1995
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1995;96(6):2735-2743. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118342.
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Research Article Article has an altmetric score of 35

Short-term alterations in carbohydrate energy intake in humans. Striking effects on hepatic glucose production, de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis, and whole-body fuel selection.

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Abstract

Short-term alterations in dietary carbohydrate (CHO) energy are known to alter whole-body fuel selection in humans, but the metabolic mechanisms remain unknown. We used stable isotope-mass spectrometric methods with indirect calorimetry in normal subjects to quantify the metabolic response to six dietary phases (5 d each), ranging from 50% surplus CHO (+50% CHO) to 50% deficient CHO (-50% CHO), and 50% surplus fat (+50% fat). Fasting hepatic glucose production (HGP) varied by > 40% from deficient to surplus CHO diets (1.78 +/- 0.08 vs 2.43 +/- 0.09 mg/kg per min, P < 0.01). Increased HGP on surplus CHO occurred despite significantly higher serum insulin concentrations. Lipolysis correlated inversely with CHO intake as did the proportion of whole-body lipolytic flux oxidized. Fractional de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL) increased more than 10-fold on surplus CHO and was unmeasurable on deficient CHO diets; thus, the preceding 5-d CHO intake could be inferred from DNL. Nevertheless, absolute hepatic DNL accounted for < 5g fatty acids synthesized per day even on +50% CHO. Whole-body CHO oxidation increased sixfold and fat oxidation decreased > 90% on surplus CHO diets. CHO oxidation was highly correlated with HGP (r2= 0.60). HGP could account for 85% of fasting CHO oxidation on +25% CHO and 67% on +50% CHO diets. Some oxidation of intracellular CHO stores was therefore also occurring. +50% fat diet had no effects on HGP, DNL, or fuel selection. We conclude that altered CHO intake alters HGP specifically and in a dose-dependent manner, that HGP may mediate the effects of CHO on whole-body fuel selection both by providing substrate and by altering serum insulin concentrations, that altered lipolysis and tissue oxidation efficiency contribute to changes in fat oxidation, and that surplus CHO is not substantially converted by the liver to fat as it spares fat oxidation, but that fractional DNL may nevertheless be a qualitative marker of recent CHO intake.

Authors

J M Schwarz, R A Neese, S Turner, D Dare, M K Hellerstein

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Total citations by year

Year: 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 Total
Citations: 1 2 3 5 11 7 6 10 5 6 8 7 9 7 112 7 4 10 4 3 8 7 6 11 10 7 8 5 6 1 296
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Citations to this article in year 2013 (9)

Title and authors Publication Year
Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and High Fructose Intake in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome Brain, Metabolic Abnormalities, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
A Simopoulos
Nutrients 2013
De novo lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis in humans with long-standing type 1 diabetes are comparable to non-diabetic individuals
JE Lambert, EA Ryan, AB Thomson, MT Clandinin
PloS one 2013
Sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, and fructose, their metabolism and potential health effects: what do we really know?
JM Rippe, TJ Angelopoulos
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 2013
Changes in post-prandial glucose and pancreatic hormones, and steady-state insulin and free fatty acids after gastric bypass surgery
GM Campos, C Rabl, PJ Havel, M Rao, JM Schwarz, M Schambelan, K Mulligan
Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 2013
De Novo Lipogenesis and Cholesterol Synthesis in Humans with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes Are Comparable to Non-Diabetic Individuals
JE Lambert, EA Ryan, AB Thomson, MT Clandinin, M Pietropaolo
PloS one 2013
Synergistic effect of uricase blockade plus physiological amounts of fructose-glucose on glomerular hypertension and oxidative stress in rats
E Tapia, M Cristóbal, FE García-Arroyo, V Soto, F Monroy-Sánchez, U Pacheco, MA Lanaspa, CA Roncal-Jiménez, D Cruz-Robles, T Ishimoto, M Madero, RJ Johnson, LG Sánchez-Lozada
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2013
Carbohydrate Quality and Quantity Affect Glucose and Lipid Metabolism during Weight Regain in Healthy Men
M Lagerpusch, J Enderle, B Eggeling, W Braun, M Johannsen, D Pape, MJ Müller, A Bosy-Westphal
The Journal of nutrition 2013
Coffee consumption attenuates short-term fructose-induced liver insulin resistance in healthy men
V Lecoultre, G Carrel, L Egli, C Binnert, A Boss, EL MacMillan, R Kreis, C Boesch, C Darimont, L Tappy
The American journal of clinical nutrition 2013
Ezetimibe prevents hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat but not a high-fructose diet
M Ushio, Y Nishio, O Sekine, Y Nagai, Y Maeno, S Ugi, T Yoshizaki, K Morino, S Kume, A Kashiwagi, H Maegawa
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2013

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