Most autoimmune diabetes occurs in those without a diabetic relative, but few cases are identifiable prospectively. To model general population prediction, 491 consecutive newly diabetic children from all of Sweden were tested for autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65ab), insulin (IAA), and islet cells (ICA), and for HLA-DQ genotypes by PCR; 415 matched control children were tested in parallel. GAD65ab sensitivity/specificity was 70/96%, versus 84/96% for ICA, 56/97% for IAA, 93/93% (any positive), 39/99.7% (all positive), and 41/99.7% (GAD65ab plus IAA). The latter's 25% predictive value was not improved by requiring concomitant high-risk HLA genotypes. GAD65ab were associated with DQA1*0501/B1*0201 (DQ2; P = 0.007) but not DQA1*0301/B1*0302 (DQ8), and IAA with DQA1*0301/B1*0302 (DQ8; P = 0.03) but not DQA1*0501/B1*0201 (DQ2). GAD65ab were more prevalent in females than males (79 vs. 63%; P < 0.0001) but did not vary with onset age nor season. Combining the three antibody assays yielded sufficient sensitivity for screening. GADab were relatively sensitive/specific for diabetes, but even with HLA marker combinations yielded predictive values insufficient for early immunointervention in the low-prevalence general population.
W A Hagopian, C B Sanjeevi, I Kockum, M Landin-Olsson, A E Karlsen, G Sundkvist, G Dahlquist, J Palmer, A Lernmark
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Journal of Immunological Methods | 2000 |
Recognition of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) by Autoantibodies from Different GAD Antibody-Positive Phenotypes1
CS Hampe, LP Hammerle, L Bekris, E Örtqvist, I Kockum, O Rolandsson, M Landin-Olsson, C Törn, B Persson, A Lernmark |
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism | 2000 |
Neither B Lymphocytes Nor Antibodies Directed Against Self Antigens of the Islets of Langerhans Are Required for Development of Virus-Induced Autoimmune Diabetes
A Holz, T Dyrberg, W Hagopian, D Homann, M von Herrath, MB Oldstone |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 2000 |
Pathogenesis, prediction and trials for the prevention of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus1Abbreviations: s.c., subcutaneous; i.p., intraperitoneal; i.v., intravenous; IFA, incomplete Freund's adjuvant; DTP, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis; LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; ICA, islet cell autoantibody; JDF, juvenile diabetes foundation; IAA, insulin autoantibody; GAA, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody; DM, diabetes mellitus; RIA, radioimmunoassay; AA, autoantibody; kD, kilodalton; FPIR, first phase insulin release; IIF, indirect immunofluoresence; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; OGT, oral glucose tolerance.1
PM Graves, GS Eisenbarth |
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews | 1999 |
HLA associations in type 1 diabetes among patients not carrying high-risk DR3-DQ2 or DR4-DQ8 haplotypes
DE Undlien, I Kockum, KS Rønningen, R Lowe, CB Saanjeevi, J Graham, BA Lie, HE Akselsen, Å Lernmark, E Thorsby |
Tissue Antigens | 1999 |
Type 1 1/2 Diabetes: Myth or Reality?
R Juneja, JP Palmer |
Autoimmunity | 1999 |
Epitope-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations
Hao, Davis, Daniels, Hampe, Lernmark |
Transfusion Medicine | 1999 |
Association of HLA class II alleles with different subgroups of diabetes mellitus in Eastern India identify different associations with IDDM and malnutrition-related diabetes
C Sanjeevi, A Kanungo, A Shtauvere, K Samal, B Tripathi |
Tissue Antigens | 1999 |
The TATA-less rat GAD65 promoter can be activated by Sp1 through non-consensus elements
K Skak, BK Michelsen |
Gene | 1999 |
Appearance of Islet Cell Autoantibodies after Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
M Landin-Olsson, HJ Arnqvist, G Blohmé, B Littorin, F Lithner, L Nyström, B Scherstéan, G Sundkvist, L Wibell, J Östman, Å Lernmark |
Autoimmunity | 1999 |
Potentials and pitfalls in neonatal screening for type 1 diabetes
G Dahlquist |
Acta Paediatrica | 1999 |
Radioimmunoassay for Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65
W Hao, T Daniels, DG Pipeleers, A Smismans, H Reijonen, GT Nepom, A Lernmark |
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics | 1999 |
Disease-associated autoantibodies and HLA-DQB1 genotypes in children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group
E Sabbah, K Savola, P Kulmala, H Reijonen, R Veijola, P Vähäsalo, J Karjalainen, J Ilonen, HK Akerblom, M Knip |
Clinical & Experimental Immunology | 1999 |
Prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies amongst young Malaysian diabetics
WM Nazaimoon, I Faridah, M Singaraveloo, IS Ismail, WB Mohamad, R Letchuman, R Rasat, R Pendek, FL Hew, IH Sheriff, BA Khalid |
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice | 1999 |
Factors predicting clinical remission in adult patients with type 1 diabetes
A Scholin, C Berne, E Schvarcz, FA Karlsson, E Bjork |
Journal of Internal Medicine | 1999 |
Molecular and Cellular Pediatric Endocrinology
S Handwerger |
1999 | |
Species-Specific Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes1
CS Hampe, E Örtqvist, O Rolandsson, M Landin-Olsson, C Törn, A Ågren, B Persson, DB Schranz, A Lernmark |
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism | 1999 |
Association between autoantibody markers and subtypes of DR4 and DR4-DQ in Swedish children with insulin-dependent diabetes reveals closer association of tyrosine pyrophosphatase autoimmunity with DR4 than DQ8
CB Sanjeevi, WA Hagopian, M Landin-Olsson, I Kockum, W Woo, JP Palmer, A Lernmark, G Dahlquist |
Tissue Antigens | 1998 |
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric analysis of sulfatide.Determination of fragmentation patterns and characterization of molecular species expressed in brain and in pancreatic islets
F Hsu, A Bohrer, J Turk |
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism | 1998 |
HLA-DR and -DQ gene polymorphism in Latvian patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
A Shtauvere, I Rumba, I Dzivite, CB Sanjeevi |
Tissue Antigens | 1998 |
Antibodies to the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases IAR and IA-2 are Associated with Progression to Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (IDDM) in First-Degree Relatives At-Risk for IDDM
RS Schmidli, PG Colman, L Cui, WP Yu, K Kewming, C Jankulovski, LC Harrison, CJ Pallen, HJ Deaizpurua |
Autoimmunity | 1998 |
Prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes
M Knip |
Acta Paediatrica | 1998 |
Comprehensive Clinical Psychology
SM Turner |
Comprehensive Clinical Psychology | 1998 |
Glutamate Decarboxylase Antibodies in Non-Diabetic Pregnancy Precedes Insulin-Dependent Diabetes in the Mother but not Necessarily in the Offspring
SA Ivarsson, M Ackefors, A Carlsson, G Ekberg, A Falorni, I Kockum, M Landin-Olsson, Å Lernmark, B Lindberg, G Sundkvist, L Svanberg |
Autoimmunity | 1997 |
Islet Cell Antigens in the Prediction and Prevention of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
E Bonifacio, MR Christie |
Annals of Medicine | 1997 |
Antibodies to the Tyrosine Phosphatase-like Protein IA-2 are highly associated with IDDM, but not with Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases or Stiff Man Syndrome
NG Morgenthaler, J Seissler, P Achenbach, D Glawe, M Payton, HM Meinck, MR Christie, WA Scherbaum |
Autoimmunity | 1997 |
Antibody Screening in a Population of Children
MR Batstra, GJ Bruining, HJ Aanstoot |
Annals of Medicine | 1997 |
Identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes of human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 by using HLA-DR(alpha1*0101,beta1*0401) transgenic mice
SD Patel, AP Cope, M Congia, TT Chen, E Kim, L Fugger, D Wherrett, G Sonderstrup-McDevitt |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 1997 |
An islet-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase is a likely precursor to the 37-kDa autoantigen in type 1 diabetes: human and macaque sequences, tissue distribution, unique and shared epitopes, and predictive autoantibodies
J LaGasse, L Jelinek, S Sexson, C Lofton-Day, J Breininger, P Sheppard, W Kindsvogel, WA Hagopian |
Molecular Medicine | 1997 |
Identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes of human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 by using HLA-DR( 1*0101, 1*0401) transgenic mice
SD Patel, AP Cope, M Congia, TT Chen, E Kim, L Fugger, D Wherrett, G Sonderstrup-McDevitt |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 1997 |
Prevention of Type I Diabetes and Recurrent β-Cell Destruction of Transplanted Islets*
RH Slover, GS Eisenbarth |
Endocrine reviews | 1997 |
Measurement of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA): two new 125I assays compared with [35S]GAD 65-ligand binding assay
H Borg, P Fernlund, G Sundkvist |
Clinical chemistry | 1997 |
Oral insulin treatment suppresses virus-induced antigen-specific destruction of beta cells and prevents autoimmune diabetes in transgenic mice
MG von Herrath, T Dyrberg, MB Oldstone |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1996 |
HLA-DQB1-defined genetic susceptibility, beta cell autoimmunity, and metabolic characteristics in familial and nonfamilial insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group
R Veijola, H Reijonen, P Vähäsalo, E Sabbah, P Kulmala, J Ilonen, HK Akerblom, M Knip |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1996 |
Islet cell autoantigens in type 1 diabetes
MR Christie |
European Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1996 |
Association of IA-2 autoantibodies with HLA DR4 phenotypes in IDDM
S Genovese, R Bonfanti, E Bazzigaluppi, V Lampasona, E Benazzi, E Bosi, G Chiumello, E Bonifacio |
Diabetologia | 1996 |
Prevention of Insulin-dependent Diabetes: Where Are We Now?
P Pozzilli |
Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews | 1996 |
The nature of autoantigens targeted in autoimmune endocrine diseases
YH Song, Y Li, NK Maclaren |
Immunology Today | 1996 |
Diagnostic sensitivity of immunodominant epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies in childhood IDDM
A Falorni, M Ackefors, C Carlberg, T Daniels, B Persson, J Robertson, |
Diabetologia | 1996 |
Glutamic acid decarboxylase and other autoantigens in IDDM
GT Nepom |
Current Opinion in Immunology | 1995 |
Autoantibodies
MH Lessof, SP Asper |
American Heart Journal | 1960 |