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Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 is increased in human vascular restenosis lesions.
S Nikol, … , G Leclerc, L Weir
S Nikol, … , G Leclerc, L Weir
Published October 1, 1992
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1992;90(4):1582-1592. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116027.
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Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 is increased in human vascular restenosis lesions.

Abstract

Human atheromata obtained in vivo were used to test the hypothesis that transforming growth factor-beta 1 plays a role in the development of vascular restenosis. We analyzed 28 specimens from patients with primary atherosclerotic or restenotic lesions; 26 of these were obtained by directional atherectomy and 2 at the time of coronary bypass surgery. Seven control tissues included operatively excised segments of human internal mammary artery, myocardium, and unused portions of vein graft obtained intraoperatively. From these 35 specimens, 210 sections were examined using in situ hybridization. Measurement of silver grains/nucleus disclosed that expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA was highest in restenotic tissues (P < 0.001 vs. primary atherosclerotic tissues) and lowest in nonatherosclerotic (control) tissues. In cultures of human vascular smooth muscle cells grown from explants of internal mammary artery, expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta 1 was significantly greater in subconfluent than in confluent smooth muscle cells (P = 0.05). Transforming growth factor type-beta III receptor was expressed in cell cultures and undetectable in the tissue specimens. Sections taken adjacent to those studied by in situ hybridization were examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against transforming growth factor-beta 1 and alpha-actin (as a marker for smooth muscle cells) and disclosed transforming growth factor-beta 1 in smooth muscle cells present in these sections. These findings are consistent with the concept that transforming growth factor-beta 1 plays an important role in modulating repair of vascular injury, including restenosis, after balloon angioplasty.

Authors

S Nikol, J M Isner, J G Pickering, M Kearney, G Leclerc, L Weir

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C Glover, X Ma, YX Chen, H Miller, J Veinot, M Labinaz, E O'Brien 		American Heart Journal 2002
Transforming Growth Factor-β Mediates Balance Between Inflammation and Fibrosis During Plaque Progression
E Lutgens, M Gijbels, M Smook, P Heeringa, P Gotwals, VE Koteliansky, MJ Daemen 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2002
Relationship Between Cytokine Levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Women
O Batuman, D Go, LT Clark, EL Smith, P Clements, A Feit, D Lederer 		Heart Disease 2001
Identification of New Therapies for Leiomyomas: What In Vitro Studies Can Tell Us
RA Nowak 		Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001
Coinduction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginine Recycling Enzymes in Aorta of Diabetic Rats
S Oyadomari, T Gotoh, K Aoyagi, E Araki, M Shichiri, M Mori 		Nitric Oxide 2001
Endoglin, a TGF-beta receptor-associated protein, is expressed by smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic plaques
BA Conley, JD Smith, M Guerrero-Esteo, C Bernabeu, CP Vary 		Atherosclerosis 2001
Transforming Growth Factor-β Regulation of Endothelin Expression in Rat Vascular Cell and Organ Cultures
W Gonzalez, Z Chen, DH Damon 		Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2001
Transforming Growth Factor-β:A Promising Target for Anti-Stenosis Therapy
J Chamberlain 		Cardiovascular Drug Reviews 2001
Fas ligand overexpression on allograft endothelium inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration and transplant-associated intimal hyperplasia
M Sata, Z Luo, K Walsh 		Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2001
Angiotensin II via activation of type 1 receptor upregulates expression of endoglin in human coronary artery endothelial cells
D Li, H Chen, JL Mehta 		Hypertension 2001
Microsatellite Instability in Transforming Growth Factor- β 1 Type II Receptor Gene in Alveolar Lining Epithelial Cells of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
M Mori, H Kida, H Morishita, S Goya, H Matsuoka, T Arai, T Osaki, I Tachibana, S Yamamoto, M Sakatani, M Ito, T Ogura, S Hayashi 		American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 2001
Interaction between monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells induces expression of hepatocyte growth factor
M Okada, Y Hojo, U Ikeda, M Takahashi, T Takizawa, R Morishita, K Shimada 		Journal of Hypertension 2001
Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smads Signaling Induces Transcription of the Cell Type–Restricted Ankyrin Repeat Protein CARP Gene Through CAGA Motif in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
H Kanai, T Tanaka, Y Aihara, S Takeda, M Kawabata, K Miyazono, R Nagai, M Kurabayashi 		Circulation research 2001
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of a Secreted Transforming Growth Factor-β Type II Receptor Inhibits Luminal Loss and Constrictive Remodeling After Coronary Angioplasty and Enhances Adventitial Collagen Deposition
PA Kingston, S Sinha, A David, MG Castro, PR Lowenstein, AM Heagerty 		Circulation 2001
Short-Term Local Delivery of an Inhibitor of Ras Farnesyltransferase Prevents Neointima Formation In Vivo After Porcine Coronary Balloon Angioplasty
LM Work, AR McPhaden, NJ Pyne, S Pyne, RM Wadsworth, CL Wainwright 		Circulation 2001
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inhibits Macrophage Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation Induced by Native and Oxidized VLDL Remnants
CA Argmann, CH Diepstraten, CG Sawyez, JY Edwards, RA Hegele, BM Wolfe, MW Huff 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2001
TGF-β and Related Cytokines in Inflammation
SN Breit, SM Wahl 		2001
Innate Diversity of Adult Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: Cloning of Distinct Subtypes From the Internal Thoracic Artery
S Li, YS Fan, LH Chow, CV Diepstraten, E van der Veer, SM Sims, JG Pickering 		Circulation research 2001
Cell volume and rate of proliferation, but not protein expression pattern, distinguish pup/intimal smooth muscle cells from subcultured adult smooth muscle cells: Culture models of intimal SMCs
E McKilligin, DJ Grainger 		Cell Proliferation 2001
High-level expression of Egr-1 and Egr-1–inducible genes in mouse and human atherosclerosis
TA McCaffrey, C Fu, B Du, S Eksinar, KC Kent, H Bush, K Kreiger, T Rosengart, MI Cybulsky, ES Silverman, T Collins 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 2000
Genetic risk factors and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions
A Kastrati, J Dirschinger, A Schömig 		Herz 2000
The effect of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins on fibronectin production in human vascular smooth muscle cells
TL Kaiura, H Itoh, SM Kubaska, TA McCaffrey, B Liu, KC Kent 		Journal of Vascular Surgery 2000
Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis: role of oxidative stress
G Poli 		Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2000
Differential expression of proteoglycans biglycan and decorin during neointima formation after stent implantation in normal and atherosclerotic rabbit aortas
T Yamakawa, H Bai, J Masuda, Y Sawa, R Shirakura, J Ogata, H Matsuda 		Atherosclerosis 2000
TGF-βs and TGF-β receptors in atherosclerosis
TA McCaffrey 		Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 2000
Polymorphism of the transforming growth factor–beta 1 gene correlates with the development of coronary vasculopathy following cardiac transplantation
CG Densem, IV Hutchinson, A Cooper, N Yonan, NH Brooks 		The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 2000
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA- REGULATED VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL GENES
P Adam 		Cytokine 2000
Plaque inflammation in restenotic coronary lesions of patients with stable or unstable angina
JJ Piek, AC van der Wal, M Meuwissen, KT Koch, SA Chamuleau, P Teeling, CM van der Loos, AE Becker 		Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2000
Remodeling of Coronary Artery Lesions Due to Kawasaki Disease
S Atsuko, MT Sachiko, N Makoto, Y Chikao 		Japanese Heart Journal 2000
Transforming growth factor β in relation to cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation
T Aziz, P Hasleton, AW Hann, N Yonan, A Deiraniya, IV Hutchinson 		The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2000
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Restores Antiplatelet Function of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Anoxia-Reoxygenation Injury
M Tatsumi, Y Kishi, T Miyata, F Numano 		Thrombosis Research 2000
Transforming growth factor-beta(1) increases the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1
M Minami, N Kume, H Kataoka, M Morimoto, K Hayashida, T Sawamura, T Masaki, T Kita 		Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2000
Angiotensin II upregulates transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor on rat vascular smooth muscle cells
N Fukuda, W Y Hu, A Kubo, H Kishioka, C Satoh, M Soma, Y Izumi, K Kanmatsuse 		American Journal of Hypertension 2000
Restricted Expression of an Adenoviral Vector Encoding Fas Ligand (CD95L) Enhances Safety for Cancer Gene Therapy
K Aoki, LM Akyürek, H San, K Leung, MS Parmacek, EG Nabel, GJ Nabel 		Molecular Therapy 2000
Positive- and Negative-acting Krüppel-like Transcription Factors Bind a Transforming Growth Factor β Control Element Required for Expression of the Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Marker SM22α in Vivo
PJ Adam, CP Regan, MB Hautmann, GK Owens 		The Journal of biological chemistry 2000
Lysyl Oxidase Activity in the Cells of Flexor Retinaculum of Individuals With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:
KK Bose, J Chakraborty, S Khuder, WH Smith-Mensah, J Robinson 		Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000
Cardiovascular Overexpression of Transforming Growth Factor-β 1 Causes Abnormal Yolk Sac Vasculogenesis and Early Embryonic Death
R Agah, KS Prasad, R Linnemann, MT Firpo, T Quertermous, DA Dichek 		Circulation research 2000
Active Remodeling of the Coronary Arterial Lesions in the Late Phase of Kawasaki Disease: Immunohistochemical Study
A Suzuki, S Miyagawa-Tomita, K Komatsu, T Nishikawa, Y Sakomura, T Horie, M Nakazawa 		Circulation 2000
Endoglin Is Overexpressed After Arterial Injury and Is Required for Transforming Growth Factor-β–Induced Inhibition of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration
X Ma, M Labinaz, J Goldstein, H Miller, WJ Keon, M Letarte, E OBrien 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2000
Ribozyme Oligonucleotides Against Transforming Growth Factor-β Inhibited Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury in Rat Model: Potential Application of Ribozyme Strategy to Treat Cardiovascular Disease
K Yamamoto, R Morishita, N Tomita, T Shimozato, H Nakagami, A Kikuchi, M Aoki, J Higaki, Y Kaneda, T Ogihara 		Circulation 2000
Association of a T29→C Polymorphism of the Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Gene With Genetic Susceptibility to Myocardial Infarction in Japanese
M Yokota, S Ichihara, TL Lin, N Nakashima, Y Yamada 		Circulation 2000
Modulation of protein expression and activity by radiation Relevance to intracoronary radiation for the prevention of restenosis
Y Vodovotz 		Cardiovascular Radiation Medicine 1999
TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-beta1 (TGF-beta1) IS SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE FIBROSIS OF RABBIT CORPUS CAVERNOSUM IN VIVO
A Nehra, MT Gettman, M Nugent, DG Bostwick, DM Barrett, I Goldstein, RJ Krane, RB Moreland 		The Journal of Urology 1999
Recommended therapies for restenosis
A Chopra, KL Strzelecki, KD Reese 		Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 1999
Does transforming growth factor β1 play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic allograft rejection?
DM Little, LD Haynes, T Alam, JG Geraghty, HW Sollinger, DA Hullett 		Transplant International 1999
Expression of Cytokine and Adhesion Molecule mRNA in Atherectomy Specimens From Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
T Ishibashi, M Kijima, K Yokoyama, J Shindo, K Nagata, A Hirosaka, M Techigawara, Y Abe, E Sato, N Yamaguchi, N Watanabe, T Saito, K Maehara, Y Ohmoto, Y Maruyama 		Japanese Circulation Journal 1999
Expression of IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor and TGF-β following balloon angioplasty in atherosclerotic and normal rabbit iliac arteries: An immunocytochemical study
MB Grant, TJ Wargovich, DM Bush, DW Player, S Caballero, M Foegh, PE Spoerri 		Regulatory Peptides 1999
The Expression of TGF-β Receptors in Human Atherosclerosis: Evidence for Acquired Resistance to Apoptosis due to Receptor Imbalance
TA McCaffrey, B Du, C Fu, PJ Bray, TA Sanborn, E Deutsch, N Tarazona, A Shaknovitch, G Newman, C Patterson, HL Bush 		Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1999
Low dose of eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits the exaggerated growth of vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats through suppression of transforming growth factor-beta
M Nakayama, N Fukuda, Y Watanabe, M Soma, W Y Hu, H Kishioka, C Satoh, A Kubo, K Kanmatsuse 		Journal of Hypertension 1999
Histologic Comparison of Coronary and Iliac Atherectomy Tissue from Cases of In-Stent Restenosis
H Ishibashi-Ueda, C Yutani, M Imakita, S Kuribayashi, M Takamiya, H Uchida, K Kichikawa, T Suzuki, H Ishibashi-Ueda 		Angiology 1999
Soluble Transforming Growth Factor-β Type II Receptor Inhibits Negative Remodeling, Fibroblast Transdifferentiation, and Intimal Lesion Formation But Not Endothelial Growth
JD Smith, SR Bryant, LL Couper, CP Vary, PJ Gotwals, VE Koteliansky, V Lindner 		Circulation research 1999
Vascular Cell Apoptosis: Cell Type–Specific Modulation by Transforming Growth Factor-β 1 in Endothelial Cells Versus Smooth Muscle Cells
MJ Pollman, L Naumovski, GH Gibbons 		Circulation 1999
Vitaxin, a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody to the Vitronectin Receptor (α v β 3 ), Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia and Total Vessel Area After Balloon Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits
KR Coleman, GA Braden, MC Willingham, DC Sane 		Circulation research 1999
Restenosis in human vein bypass grafts
S Nikol, TY Huehns, L Weir, TN Wight, B Höfling 		Atherosclerosis 1998
Transforming growth factor β1 induces IL-1 receptor antagonist production and gene expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells
CD Febbo, G Baccante, M Reale, ML Castellani, A Angelini, F Cuccurullo, E Porreca 		Atherosclerosis 1998
Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta1 in arterial endothelium causes hyperplasia, apoptosis, and cartilaginous metaplasia
AH Schulick, AJ Taylor, W Zuo, CB Qiu, G Dong, RN Woodward, R Agah, AB Roberts, R Virmani, DA Dichek 		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1998
Fas ligand gene transfer to the vessel wall inhibits neointima formation and overrides the adenovirus-mediated T cell response
M Sata, H Perlman, DA Muruve, M Silver, M Ikebe, TA Libermann, P Oettgen, K Walsh 		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1998
Expression of Endoglin mRNA and Protein in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
PJ Adam, GJ Clesham, PL Weissberg 		Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1998
Inhibitory effects of tranilast on expression of transforming growth factor-β isoforms and receptors in injured arteries
MR Ward, T Sasahara, A Agrotis, RJ Dilley, GL Jennings, A Bobik 		Atherosclerosis 1998
Role of transforming growth factor—β1in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease
M Hojo, M Hoshimaru, S Miyamoto, W Taki, I Nagata, M Asahi, N Matsuura, R Ishizaki, H Kikuchi, N Hashimoto 		Journal of Neurosurgery 1998
Estrogen Replacement Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia and the Accumulation and Effects of Transforming Growth Factor β1
CH Selzman, JS Gaynor, AS Turner, TA Whitehill, LD Horwitz, AH Harken 		Journal of Surgical Research 1998
MEDIATORS OF RESTENOSIS
SA Kagan, SI Myers 		Surgical Clinics of North America 1998
Tissue-Specific and Developmental Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Expression in Fetal Lamb Ductus Arteriosus Endothelial Cells
B Zhou, C Coulber, M Rabinovitch 		Pediatric Research 1998
Developmental Regulation of the Amount and Subcellular Targeting of the GLUT1 Glucose Transporter in Mouse Mammary Gland ♦ 426
RS Geske, PM Haney 		Pediatric Research 1998
Contribution of a vascular modulator, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease
R Morishita, S Nakamura, S Hayashi, M Aoki, H Matsushita, N Tomita, K Yamamoto, A Moriguchi, J Higaki, T Ogihara 		Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 1998
Overexpression of transforming growth factor  1 in arterial endothelium causes hyperplasia, apoptosis, and cartilaginous metaplasia
AH Schulick, AJ Taylor, W Zuo, C Qiu, G Dong, RN Woodward, R Agah, AB Roberts, R Virmani, DA Dichek 		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1998
Coculture conditions alter endothelial modulation of TGF-β1 activation and smooth muscle growth morphology
RJ Powell, J Bhargava, MD Basson, BE Sumpio 		American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 1998
Comparison of Apolipoprotein and Proteoglycan Deposits in Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques: Colocalization of Biglycan With Apolipoproteins
KD OBrien, KL Olin, CE Alpers, W Chiu, M Ferguson, K Hudkins, TN Wight, A Chait 		Circulation 1998
Immune Sources of Transforming Growth Factor-β 1 Reduce Transplant Arteriosclerosis: Insight Derived From a Knockout Mouse Model
J Koglin, T Glysing-Jensen, A Räisänen-Sokolowski, ME Russell 		Circulation research 1998
Negative Regulation of Local Hepatocyte Growth Factor Expression by Angiotensin II and Transforming Growth Factor-β in Blood Vessels: Potential Role of HGF in Cardiovascular Disease
N Nakano, R Morishita, A Moriguchi, Y Nakamura, S Hayashi, M Aoki, I Kida, K Matsumoto, T Nakamura, J Higaki, T Ogihara 		Hypertension 1998
The extracellular matrix in balloon arterial injury: A novel target for restenosis prevention
WB Batchelor, R Robinson, BH Strauss 		Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 1998
Advanced Imaging In Coronary Artery Disease
EE Wall, PK Blanksma, MG Niemeyer, W Vaalburg, HJ Crijns 		1998
Genomic instability in the type II TGF-beta1 receptor gene in atherosclerotic and restenotic vascular cells
TA McCaffrey, B Du, S Consigli, P Szabo, PJ Bray, L Hartner, BB Weksler, TA Sanborn, G Bergman, HL Bush 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 1997
Inhibition of rat vascular smooth muscle proliferation in vitro and in vivo by bone morphogenetic protein-2
T Nakaoka, K Gonda, T Ogita, Y Otawara-Hamamoto, F Okabe, Y Kira, K Harii, K Miyazono, Y Takuwa, T Fujita 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 1997
Intimal Cell Density in Postangioplasty Versus Primary Coronary and Peripheral Lesions: A Systematic Study on Human Atherectomy Samples
G Bauriedel, I Schmücking, T Schmidt, P Braun, JW Park, KW Heinrich, B Lüderitz 		Journal of Interventional Cardiology 1997
Transforming growth factor βs and wound healing
S O'Kane, MW Ferguson 		The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 1997
Recurrent carotid stenosis after carotid endarterectomy
CR Lattimer, KG Burnand 		British Journal of Surgery 1997
Photodynamic therapy inhibits transforming growth factor β activity associated with vascular smooth muscle cell injury
RG van Eps, GM LaMuraglia 		Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997
Gene-based therapies for restenosis
V Labhasetwar, B Chen, DW Muller, J Bonadio, K Ciftci, K March, RJ Levy 		Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 1997
Local Delivery of Antithrombotic Drug Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia Following Arterial Injury
T Tomaru, A Yoshimura, N Aoki, M Omata, HJ Geschwind, Y Uchida 		Journal of Interventional Cardiology 1997
Selective deposits of versican in the extracellular matrix of restenotic lesions from human peripheral arteries
TN Wight, S Lara, R Riessen, RL Baron, J Isner 		The American Journal of Pathology 1997
Transforming growth factor-β1 increases lysyl oxidase enzyme activity and mRNA in rat aortic smooth muscle cells
CJ Shanley, M Gharaee-Kermani, R Sarkar, TH Welling, A Kriegel, JW Ford, JC Stanley, SH Phan 		Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997
Dilation mechanism, causes of restenosis and stenting in balloon coarctation angioplasty
T Ino, M Ohkubo 		Acta Paediatrica 1997
Endothelial Cell Effect on Smooth Muscle Cell Collagen Synthesis
RJ Powell, J Hydowski, O Frank, J Bhargava, BE Sumpio 		Journal of Surgical Research 1997
The pathobiology of restenosis after percutaneous revascularisation: Current concepts and therapeutic objectives
M Ward 		The Asia Pacific Heart Journal 1997
Differences in the Distribution of Versican, Decorin, and Biglycan in Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries
PG MD, KD MD, M Ferguson, ST PhD, CE MD, TN PhD 		Cardiovascular Pathology 1997
Potential Role of a Novel Vascular Modulator, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), in Cardiovascular Disease : Characterization and Regulation of Local HGF System
R Morishita, M Aoki, S Nakamura, H Matsushita, N Tomita, S Hayashi, A Moriguchi, K Matsumoto, T Nakamura, J Higaki, T Ogihara 		Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 1997
Transforming Growth Factor β Constricts Rat Cremaster Arterioles
DL Lange, DH Damon 		Microvascular Research 1997
Regional Variability in the Time Course of TGF-β1 Expression, Cellular Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Expansion following Arterial Injury
WM Creighton, AJ Taylor, DA Dichek, G Dong, AB Roberts, AH Schulick, P Mannam, R Virmani 		Growth Factors 1997
Differential regulation of connexin43 and connexin37 in endothelial cells by cell density, growth, and TGF-beta1
DM Larson, MJ Wrobleski, GD Sagar, EM Westphale, EC Beyer 		American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 1997
Transfer and Expression of the Interferon Gamma Gene in Human Endothelial Cells Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth in Vitro
AT Stopeck, M Vahedian, SK Williams 		Cell Transplantation 1997
A Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) Control Element Drives TGFβ-induced Stimulation of Smooth Muscle α-Actin Gene Expression in Concert with Two CArG Elements
MB Hautmann, CS Madsen, GK Owens 		The Journal of biological chemistry 1997
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Expression Is Associated With the Development of Vein Graft Intimal Hyperplasia
VK Stark, JR Hoch, TF Warner, DA Hullett 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1997
Connective Tissue Growth Factor: Friend or Foe?
BS Oemar, TF Lüscher 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1997
Gene Transfer in the Cardiovascular System
KL March 		1997
Bimodal Effects of Angiotensin II on Migration of Human and Rat Smooth Muscle Cells: Direct Stimulation and Indirect Inhibition Via Transforming Growth Factor-β1
G Liu, E Espinosa, BS Oemar, TF Lüscher 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1997
Human Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Expressed in Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions
BS Oemar, A Werner, JM Garnier, DD Do, N Godoy, M Nauck, W Marz, J Rupp, M Pech, TF Luscher 		Circulation 1997
Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Kinases Attenuates Increases in Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β Isoforms and Their Receptors Following Arterial Injury
MR Ward, A Agrotis, P Kanellakis, R Dilley, G Jennings, A Bobik 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1997
Upregulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme During the Healing Process After Injury at the Site of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty in Humans
M Ohishi, M Ueda, H Rakugi, A Okamura, T Naruko, AE Becker, K Hiwada, A Kamitani, K Kamide, J Higaki, T Ogihara 		Circulation 1997
Downregulation of Cyclin G1 Expression by Retrovirus-Mediated Antisense Gene Transfer Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointima Formation
NL Zhu, L Wu, PX Liu, EM Gordon, WF Anderson, VA Starnes, FL Hall 		Circulation 1997
Arterial Remodeling: A Critical Factor in Restenosis
A Lafont, EJ Topol 		1997
Recurrent carotid stenosis after carotid endarterectomy: RECURRENT CAROTID STENOSIS AFTER CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY
CR Lattimer, KG Burnand 		The British journal of surgery 1997
Molecular biology and post-angioplasty restenosis
S Nikol, TY Huehns, B Höfling 		Atherosclerosis 1996
Progression and regression of myointimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts depends on platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblastic growth factor production
AV Sterpetti, A Cucina, S Lepidi, B Randone, F Stipa, C Aromatario, D Travi, LS D'Angelo, A Cavallaro, S Stipa 		Journal of Vascular Surgery 1996
REGULATION AND INTERACTIONS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-? WITH CARDIOVASCULAR CELLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
J Saltis, A Agrotis, A Bobik 		Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 1996
Simultaneous Bindings of uPA and Latent TGF-.BETA. for the Activation of Latent TGF-.BETA. in Homotypic Smooth Muscle Cells
H Abe, M Abe, K Tanaka, C Iwasaka, Y Sato 		The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 1996
VASCULAR REMODELLING AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: NEW CONCEPTS AND THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES
A Agrotis, A Bobik 		Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 1996
Local Delivery of Antithrombotic Drug Prevents Restenosis After Balloon Angioplasty in Atherosclerotic Rabbit Artery
T Tomaru, Y Fujimori, T Morita, N Aoki, Y Sakamoto, F Nakamura, M Omata, Y Uchida 		Japanese Circulation Journal 1996
Platelet-derived growth factor is a cofactor in the induction of 1α(I) procollagen expression by transforming growth factor β1 in smooth muscle cells
BG Halloran, BJ So, BT Baxter 		Journal of Vascular Surgery 1996
Expression of IGF-I, IGF-I receptor and IGF binding proteins -1, -2, -3, -4 and -5 in human atherectomy specimens
MB Grant, TJ Wargovich, EA Ellis, R Tarnuzzer, S Caballero, K Estes, M Rossing, PE Spoerri, C Pepine 		Regulatory Peptides 1996
Evidence for Rapid Accumulation and Persistently Disordered Architecture of Fibrillar Collagen in Human Coronary Restenosis Lesions
JG Pickering, CM Ford, LH Chow 		The American Journal of Cardiology 1996
Mitogen crosstalk accompanying urokinase receptor expression in stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells
U Reuning, EP Dixon, SP Little, NU Bang 		FEBS Letters 1996
Increased extracellular matrix synthesis by smooth-muscle cells obtained from in vivo restenotic lesions by directional coronary atherectomy
AG Violaris, M Jong, DC MacLeod, VA Umans, PD Verdouw, PW Serruys 		American Heart Journal 1996
Management of restenosis after coronary intervention
G Dangas, V Fuster 		American Heart Journal 1996
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Expression and Myofibroblast Formation During Arterial Repair
Y Shi, JE O'Brien, A Fard, A Zalewski 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1996
βig-h3, a Transforming Growth Factor–β–Inducible Gene, Is Overexpressed in Atherosclerotic and Restenotic Human Vascular Lesions
ER OBrien, KL Bennett, MR Garvin, TW Zderic, T Hinohara, JB Simpson, T Kimura, M Nobuyoshi, H Mizgala, A Purchio, SM Schwartz 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1996
A Vascular Modulator, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Is Associated With Systolic Pressure
Y Nakamura, R Morishita, S Nakamura, M Aoki, A Moriguchi, K Matsumoto, T Nakamura, J Higaki, T Ogihara 		Hypertension 1996
Direct Intramuscular Gene Transfer of Naked DNA Encoding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Augments Collateral Development and Tissue Perfusion
Y Tsurumi, S Takeshita, D Chen, M Kearney, ST Rossow, J Passeri, JR Horowitz, JF Symes, JM Isner 		Circulation 1996
Angiology in Practice
AM Salmasi, A Strano 		1996
Dynamics of vascular remodeling: An overview and bibliography
SM Bortman, DW Losordo 		Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 1996
Decreased type II/type I TGF-beta receptor ratio in cells derived from human atherosclerotic lesions. Conversion from an antiproliferative to profibrotic response to TGF-beta1
TA McCaffrey, S Consigli, B Du, DJ Falcone, TA Sanborn, AM Spokojny, HL Bush 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 1995
The intima: development and monoclonal responses to injury
SM Schwartz, MW Majesky, CE Murry 		Atherosclerosis 1995
A PIVOTAL ROLE FOR TGF-β* IN ATHEROGENESIS?
DJ Grainger, JC Metcalfe 		Biological Reviews 1995
Investigative Urology
M Yanase, T Tsukamoto, Y Kumamoto 		The Journal of Urology 1995
Inhibition of PDGF- and TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis, migration and proliferation by tranilast in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats
K Miyazawa, S Kikuchi, J Fukuyama, S Hamano, A Ujiie 		Atherosclerosis 1995
SUPPRESSION OF VASCULAR TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-?1AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX GENE EXPRESSIONS BY CILAZAPRIL AND NIFEDIPINE IN HYPERTENSIVE RATS
S Kim, K Ohta, A Hamaguchi, K Miura, T Yukimura, H Iwao 		Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 1995
Production of activin A and follistatin in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells
M Kanzaki, R Nobusawa, H Mogami, H Yasuda, N Kawamura, I Kojima 		Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1995
Targeting TGF–β for treatment of disease
WA Border, NA Noble 		Nature Medicine 1995
Arterial remodeling in atherosclerosis and restenosis: a vague concept of a distinct phenomenon
MJ Post, C Borst, G Pasterkamp, CC Haudenschild 		Atherosclerosis 1995
Vascular smooth muscle cells from injured rat aortas display elevated matrix production associated with transforming growth factor-beta activity
LM Rasmussen, YG Wolf, E Ruoslahti 		The American Journal of Pathology 1995
Transforming growth factor-β1 inhibits human arterial smooth-muscle cell proliferation in a growth-rate—Dependent manner
BG Halloran, GD Prorok, BJ So, BT Baxter 		The American Journal of Surgery 1995
The Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
SM Schwartz, ER O'Brien, D DeBlois, CM Giachelli 		The Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell 1995
Activation of Latent TGF-^|^beta; at the Vascular Wall
Y Sato 		Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 1995
The temporal relationship between the development of vein graft intimal hyperplasia and growth factor gene expression
J R Hoch, V K Stark, W D Turnipseed 		Journal of Vascular Surgery 1995
Human Mast Cell Chymase and Leukocyte Elastase Release Latent Transforming Growth Factor-β1 from the Extracellular Matrix of Cultured Human Epithelial and Endothelial Cells
J Taipale, J Lohi, J Saarinen, PT Kovanen, J Keski-Oja 		The Journal of biological chemistry 1995
The Intima: Soil for Atherosclerosis and Restenosis
SM Schwartz, D deBlois, ER OBrien 		Circulation research 1995
Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells digest extracellular matrix by elaboration of plasminogen activators: Implications for atherogenesis
H Okada, T Nordt, CH Lundgren, S Fujii 		Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 1995
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Targeted Cytotoxin Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia In Vivo: Results of Local Versus Systemic Administration
CJ Pastore, JM Isner, PA Bacha, M Kearney, JG Pickering 		Circulation research 1995
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade Inhibits the Expression of Immediate-Early Genes and Fibronectin in Rat Injured Artery
S Kim, M Kawamura, H Wanibuchi, K Ohta, A Hamaguchi, T Omura, T Yukimura, K Miura, H Iwao 		Circulation 1995
Molecular Regulation of the Bovine Endothelial Cell Nitric Oxide Synthase by Transforming Growth Factor–β 1
N Inoue, RC Venema, HS Sayegh, Y Ohara, TJ Murphy, DG Harrison 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1995
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Apolipoprotein E Genotypes and Restenosis After Coronary Angioplasty
FM van Bockxmeer, CD Mamotte, FA Gibbons, V Burke, RR Taylor 		Circulation 1995
In Vivo Effect of TGF-β1: Enhanced Intimal Thickening by Administration of TGF-β1 in Rabbit Arteries Injured With a Balloon Catheter
T Kanzaki, K Tamura, K Takahashi, Y Saito, B Akikusa, H Oohashi, N Kasayuki, M Ueda, N Morisaki 		Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1995
α v β 3 Integrin Expression in Normal and Atherosclerotic Artery
M Hoshiga, CE Alpers, LL Smith, CM Giachelli, SM Schwartz 		Circulation research 1995
Increased gene expression after liposome-mediated arterial gene transfer associated with intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation. In vitro and in vivo findings in a rabbit model of vascular injury
S Takeshita, D Gal, G Leclerc, JG Pickering, R Riessen, L Weir, JM Isner 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 1994
Antibodies against transforming growth factor-beta 1 suppress intimal hyperplasia in a rat model
YG Wolf, LM Rasmussen, E Ruoslahti 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 1994
Restenosis after Vascular Reconstruction
ST Nikkari, AW Clowes 		Annals of Medicine 1994
Regional differences in the distribution of the proteoglycans biglycan and decorin in the extracellular matrix of atherosclerotic and restenotic human coronary arteries
R Riessen, JM Isner, E Blessing, C Loushin, S Nikol, TN Wight 		The American Journal of Pathology 1994
Neointima formation after acute vascular injury. Role of counteradhesive extracellular matrix proteins
MW Majesky 		Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital 1994
Protection of transforming growth factor ? activity by heparin and fucoidan
TA McCaffrey, DJ Falcone, D Vicente, B Du, S Consigli, W Borth 		Journal of Cellular Physiology 1994
Effect of endothelial cells and transforming growth factor-ß1 on cultured vascular smooth muscle cell growth patterns
RJ Powell, JL Cronenwett, MF Fillinger, RJ Wagner 		Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994
?2-Macroglobulin/Transforming Growth Factor-?1 Interactions
TI McCAFFREY, DJ Falcone, W Borth, BB Weksler 		Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1994
Persistently increased expression of the transforming growth factor-β1 gene in human vascular restenosis: Analysis of 62 patients with one or more episode of restenosis
S Nikol, L Weir, A Sullivan, B Sharaf, CJ White, G Zemel, G Hartzler, R Stack, G Leclerc, JM Isner 		Cardiovascular Pathology 1994
Modulation of expression of monocyte/macrophage plasminogen activator activity and its implications for attenuation of vasculopathy
CH Lundgren, H Sawa, BE Sobel, S Fujii 		Circulation 1994
Indirect angiogenic cytokines upregulate VEGF and bFGF gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas hypoxia upregulates VEGF expression only
E Brogi, T Wu, A Namiki, JM Isner 		Circulation 1994
Localization of insulin-like growth factor I and inhibition of coronary smooth muscle cell growth by somatostatin analogues in human coronary smooth muscle cells. A potential treatment for restenosis?
MB Grant, TJ Wargovich, EA Ellis, S Caballero, M Mansour, CJ Pepine 		Circulation 1994
Principles and Treatment of Lipoprotein Disorders
G Schettler, AJ Habenicht 		1994
Direct transfer of transforming growth factor beta 1 gene into arteries stimulates fibrocellular hyperplasia
EG Nabel, L Shum, VJ Pompili, ZY Yang, H San, HB Shu, S Liptay, L Gold, D Gordon, R Derynck 		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1993
Evidence for an age-related dysfunction in the antiproliferative response to transforming growth factor-beta in vascular smooth muscle cells
TA McCaffrey, DJ Falcone 		Molecular biology of the cell 1993
Adult human aortic smooth muscle cells in culture produce active TGF-beta
HL Kirschenlohr, JC Metcalfe, PL Weissberg, DJ Grainger 		American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 1993
Transforming growth factor-beta in cardiac ontogeny and adaptation
WR MacLellan, T Brand, MD Schneider 		Circulation research 1993
Proliferation in primary and restenotic coronary atherectomy tissue. Implications for antiproliferative therapy
ER O'Brien, CE Alpers, DK Stewart, M Ferguson, N Tran, D Gordon, EP Benditt, T Hinohara, JB Simpson, SM Schwartz 		Circulation research 1993
Redefining the treatment of peripheral artery disease. Role of percutaneous revascularization
JM Isner, K Rosenfield 		Circulation 1993
Growth Factors and the Cardiovascular System
P Cummins 		1993
Pharmacological Approaches to the Prevention of Restenosis Following Angioplasty: The Search for the Holy Grail? (Part II)???
JP Herrman, WR Hermans, J Vos, PW Serruys 		Drugs 1993
International Review of Cytology
RA Miller 		International Review of Cytology 1991

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