Primary human muscle cell cultures were established and the regulation of glucose transport was investigated. Primary cultures were allowed to proceed to the stage of myotubes through fusion of myoblasts or were used for clonal selection based on fusion potential. In clonally selected cultures, hexose (2-deoxy-glucose) uptake into myotubes was linear within the time of study and inhibitable by cytochalasin B (IC50 = 400 nM). Cytochalasin B photolabeled a protein(s) of 45,000-50,000 D in a D-glucose-protectable manner, suggesting identity with the glucose transporters. In the myotube stage, the cells expressed both the GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporter protein isoforms at an average molar ratio of 7:1. Preincubation in media of increasing glucose concentrations (range 5-25 mM) progressively decreased the rate of 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Insulin elevated 2-deoxyglucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner, with half maximal stimulation achieved at 3.5 nM. Insulin also stimulated the transport of the nonmetabolizable hexose 3-O-methylglucose, as well as the activity of glycogen synthase, responsible for nonoxidative glucose metabolism. The oral antihyperglycemic drug metformin stimulated the cytochalasin B-sensitive component of both 2-deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose uptake. Maximal stimulation was observed at 8 h of exposure to 50 microM metformin, and this effect was not prevented by incubation with the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The relative effect of metformin was higher in cells incubated in 25 mM glucose than in 5 mM glucose, consistent with its selective action in hyperglycemic conditions in vivo. Metformin (50 microM for 24 h) was more effective than insulin (1 microM for 1 h) in stimulating hexose uptake and the hormone was effective on top of the stimulation caused by the biguanide, suggesting independent mechanisms of action.
V Sarabia, L Lam, E Burdett, L A Leiter, A Klip
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Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes
Katare PB, Tingstad RH, Beajani ST, Indseth JP, Telle-Hansen VH, Myhrstad MC, Rustan AC, Eide L, Witczak O, Aas V |
Journal of Lipid Research | 2025 |
Diverse effects of a Cyperus rotundus extract on glucose uptake in myotubes and adipocytes and its suppression on adipocyte maturation.
Pichetkun V, Khine HEE, Srifa S, Nukulkit S, Nuengchamnong N, Hansapaiboon S, Saenmuangchin R, Chaotham C, Chansriniyom C |
Scientific Reports | 2024 |
IGF1 promotes human myotube differentiation toward a mature metabolic and contractile phenotype
Dreher SI, Grubba P, von Toerne C, Moruzzi A, Maurer J, Goj T, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Loskill P, Hauck SM, Weigert C |
American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology | 2024 |
Metformin and Insulin Resistance: A Review of the Underlying Mechanisms behind Changes in GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Transport.
Herman R, Kravos NA, Jensterle M, Janež A, Dolžan V |
International journal of molecular sciences | 2022 |
Editorial: Untangling energy metabolism in skeletal muscle: From physiology to pharmacology.
Pirkmajer S, Garcia-Roves PM, Rustan AC, Chibalin AV |
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SENP2 is vital for optimal insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in human skeletal muscle cells
J Lund, SA Krapf, M Sistek, HG Bakke, S Bartesaghi, XR Peng, AC Rustan, GH Thoresen, ET Kase |
2021 | |
Disrupted circadian oscillations in type 2 diabetes are linked to altered rhythmic mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle
BM Gabriel, A Altıntaş, JA Smith, L Sardon-Puig, X Zhang, AL Basse, RC Laker, H Gao, Z Liu, L Dollet, JT Treebak, A Zorzano, Z Huo, M Rydén, JT Lanner, KA Esser, R Barrès, NJ Pillon, A Krook, JR Zierath |
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The Endothelial Barrier Is not Rate-limiting to Insulin Action in the Myocardium of Male Mice
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Carnosol Increases Skeletal Muscle Cell Glucose Uptake via AMPK-Dependent GLUT4 Glucose Transporter Translocation
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Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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FITC-labeled D-glucose analog is suitable as a probe for detecting insulin-dependent glucose uptake
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Insulin and Glucose Alter Death-Associated Protein Kinase 3 (DAPK3) DNA Methylation in Human Skeletal Muscle
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The Role of PPARγ in Cardiovascular Diseases
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International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus: DeFronzo/International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus, Fourth Edition
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Therapeutic Concentrations of Metformin: A Systematic Review
F Kajbaf, ME de Broe, JD Lalau |
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Phytomedicine | 2015 |
Metformin Improves Glucose Effectiveness, Not Insulin Sensitivity: Predicting Treatment Response in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in an Open-Label, Interventional Study
CT Pau, C Keefe, J Duran, CK Welt |
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism | 2014 |
Metformin and male reproduction: effects on Sertoli cell metabolism: Metformin and Sertoli cell metabolism
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British Journal of Pharmacology | 2014 |
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Overexpression of PGC-1α Increases Fatty Acid Oxidative Capacity of Human Skeletal Muscle Cells
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The Journal of biological chemistry | 2012 |
The Barrier Within: Endothelial Transport of Hormones
CM Kolka, RN Bergman |
Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) | 2012 |
The AMPK 2 Subunit Is Required for Energy Homeostasis during Metabolic Stress
B Dasgupta, JS Ju, Y Sasaki, X Liu, SR Jung, K Higashida, D Lindquist, J Milbrandt |
Molecular and cellular biology | 2012 |
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A novel method to measure glucose uptake and myosin heavy chain isoform expression of single fibers from rat skeletal muscle
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Glucagon Like Peptide-1-Induced Glucose Metabolism in Differentiated Human Muscle Satellite Cells Is Attenuated by Hyperglycemia
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Electrical Pulse Stimulation of Cultured Human Skeletal Muscle Cells as an In Vitro Model of Exercise
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HIV Protease Inhibitors Act as Competitive Inhibitors of the Cytoplasmic Glucose Binding Site of GLUTs with Differing Affinities for GLUT1 and GLUT4
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The Role of Blood Vessels, Endothelial Cells, and Vascular Pericytes in Insulin Secretion and Peripheral Insulin Action
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Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery
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The Pharmacologic Basis for the Treatment of Endocrinopathic Laminitis
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Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice | 2010 |
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British Journal of Pharmacology | 2008 |
Evidence-Based and Potential Benefits of Metformin in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review
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Antidiabetogenic Effects of Chromium Mitigate Hyperinsulinemia-Induced Cellular Insulin Resistance via Correction of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Imbalance
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Molecular Endocrinology | 2008 |
Effects of metformin on peripheral insulin sensitivity and intracellular lipid contents in muscle and liver of overweight Japanese subjects
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism | 2007 |
Management of polycystic ovary syndrome
E Yasmin, AH Balen |
Women's Health | 2007 |
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Women s Health | 2007 |
Fish Glucose Transporter (GLUT)-4 Differs from Rat GLUT4 in Its Traffic Characteristics but Can Translocate to the Cell Surface in Response to Insulin in Skeletal Muscle Cells
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Endocrinology | 2007 |
Insulin Resistance and Improvements in Signal Transduction
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Endocrine | 2006 |
Metformin improves atypical protein kinase C activation by insulin and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-(PO4)3 in muscle of diabetic subjects
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Chromium picolinate positively influences the glucose transporter system via affecting cholesterol homeostasis in adipocytes cultured under hyperglycemic diabetic conditions
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Mutation research | 2006 |
Oxidative stress — mediated alterations in glucose dynamics in a genetic animal model of type II diabetes
MS Bitar, E AL-Saleh, F AL-Mulla |
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Is non-insulin dependent glucose uptake a therapeutic alternative? Part 2: Do such mechanisms fulfil the required combination of power and tolerability?
NF Wiernsperger |
Diabetes & Metabolism | 2005 |
Insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of women with PCOS involves intrinsic and acquired defects in insulin signaling
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American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism | 2005 |
Glucose Uptake in Muscle Cell Cultures from Endurance-Trained Men:
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Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise | 2005 |
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The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism | 2004 |
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American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology | 2004 |
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American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism | 2001 |
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American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism | 2000 |
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Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America | 1997 |
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MB MD, AL MD |
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CJ Bailey |
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