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Citations to this article

Study of brain electrolytes and organic osmolytes during correction of chronic hyponatremia. Implications for the pathogenesis of central pontine myelinolysis.
Y H Lien, … , J I Shapiro, L Chan
Y H Lien, … , J I Shapiro, L Chan
Published July 1, 1991
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1991;88(1):303-309. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI115292.
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Study of brain electrolytes and organic osmolytes during correction of chronic hyponatremia. Implications for the pathogenesis of central pontine myelinolysis.

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Abstract

Osmotic injury induced by rapid correction of severe chronic hyponatremia has been implicated in the development of central pontine myelinolysis. Organic osmolytes known previously as "idiogenic osmoles" accumulate intracellularly to protect cells from osmotic injury. We investigated the changes of these organic osmolytes as well as electrolytes in the brain during the induction and correction of chronic hyponatremia. Using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and HPLC, we found that in rats with chronic hyponatremia (3 d, serum sodium = 109 +/- 3 meq/liter), brain concentrations of myoinositol (41%), glycerophosphorylcholine (45%), phosphocreatine/creatine (60%), glutamate (53%), glutamine (45%), and taurine (37%) were all significantly decreased compared with control values (percentage control value shown, all P less than 0.01). The contribution of measured organic osmolytes and electrolytes to the total brain osmolality change was 23 and 72%, respectively. With rapid correction by 5% NaCl infusion, significant brain dehydration and elevation of brain Na and Cl levels above the normal range occurred at 24 h. These changes were not seen with slow correction by water deprivation. Reaccumulation of most organic osmolytes except glycerophosphorylcholine is delayed during the correction of hyponatremia and is independent of the correction rate of serum sodium. It is concluded that: most of the change of brain osmolality in chronic hyponatremia can be accounted by the changes in organic osmolytes and brain electrolytes; and rapid correction of hyponatremia is associated with an overshoot of brain sodium and chloride levels along with a low organic osmolyte level. The high cerebral ion concentrations in the absence of adequate concentrations of organic osmolytes may be relevant to the development of central pontine myelinolysis.

Authors

Y H Lien, J I Shapiro, L Chan

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The Use of Hypertonic Saline in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury
JA Doyle, DP Davis, DB Hoyt
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 2001
Exercise-associated hyponatremia in marathon runners: a two-year experience
DP Davis, JS Videen, A Marino, GM Vilke, JV Dunford, SP van Camp, LG Maharam
The Journal of Emergency Medicine 2001
Cerebral Metabolic Abnormalities in COPD Patients Detected by Localized Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
TS Shim, JH Lee, SY Kim, TH Lim, SJ Kim, DS Kim, WD Kim
Chest 2001
Magnetization transfer imaging and proton MR spectroscopy in the evaluation of axonal injury: correlation with clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury
G Sinson, L J Bagley, K M Cecil, M Torchia, J C McGowan, R E Lenkinski, T K McIntosh, R I Grossman
American Journal of Neuroradiology 2001
Efflux of osmolyte amino acids during isovolumic regulation in hippocampal slices
R Franco, O Quesada, H Pasantes-Morales
Journal of Neuroscience Research 2000
Osmotic demyelination disorders: central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis
WD Brown
Current Opinion in Neurology 2000
Increased Aquaporin-4 Immunoreactivity in Rat Brain in Response to Systemic Hyponatremia
Z Vajda, D Promeneur, T Dóczi, E Sulyok, J Frøkiær, OP Ottersen, S Nielsen
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2000
Hyponatremia
HJ Adrogué, NE Madias
New England Journal of Medicine 2000
Azotemia (48 h) decreases the risk of brain damage in rats after correction of chronic hyponatremia
A Soupart, R Penninckx, A Stenuit, G Decaux
Brain Research 2000
Isovolumetric regulation of rat glial cells during development and correction of hypo-osmolality
J Lohr
Neuroscience Letters 2000
Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in congestive heart failure detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
CW Lee, JH Lee, JJ Kim, SW Park, MK Hong, ST Kim, TH Lim, SJ Park
Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1999
Amino acid efflux and cell volume regulation in cerebrocortical minislices prepared from chronically hyponatraemic and hypernatraemic rats
RO Law
Neurochemistry International 1999
Leukoencephalopathy associated with a disturbance in the metabolism of polyols
MS van der Knaap, RA Wevers, EA Struys, NM Verhoeven, PJ Pouwels, UF Engelke, W Feikema, J Valk, C Jakobs
Annals of Neurology 1999
Effect of Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP on the Kinetics of myo-Inositol Transport in Cultured Astrocytes
RE Isaacks, AS Bender, JS Reuben, CY Kim, YF Shi, MD Norenberg
Journal of Neurochemistry 1999
Treatment of central pontine myelinolysis with therapeutic plasmapheresis
D Bibl, C Lampl, C Gabriel, G Jüngling, H Brock, G Köstler
The Lancet 1999
Homonuclear uncoupled 1H-spectroscopy of the human brain using weighted accumulation schemes
B Kühn, W Dreher, D Leibfritz, M Heller
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1999
Brain Adaptation to Water Loading in Rabbits as Assessed by NMR Relaxometry
Z Vajda, E Berényi, P Bogner, I Repa, T Dóczi, E Sulyok
Pediatric Research 1999
Treatment of Sodium Balance Disorders
SM Angelos, DC van Metre
Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice 1999
Developmental changes in choline- and ethanolamine-containing compounds measured with proton-decoupled31P MRS in in vivo human brain
S Blml, KJ Seymour, BD Ross
Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 1999
Progressive Changes in Cortical Water and Electrolyte Content at Three Stages of Rat Infantile Hydrocephalus and the Effect of Shunt Treatment
HC Jones, RW Andersohn
Experimental Neurology 1998
Dissimilar Effects of Lithium and Valproic Acid on GABA and Glutamine Concentrations in Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid
C Vargas, M Tannhauser, HM Barros
General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 1998
Functional Significance of Cell Volume Regulatory Mechanisms
F Lang, GL Busch, M Ritter, H Völkl, S Waldegger, E Gulbins, D Häussinger
Physiological reviews 1998
Critical Care Nephrology
C Ronco, R Bellomo
1998
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Syndrome
D Gravenstein
Anesthesia & Analgesia 1997
Localized in vivo H-MRS of traumatic brain injury
M Zampolini, R Tarducci, G Gobbi, M Franceschini, E Todeschini, O Presciutti
European Journal of Neurology 1997
Progressive Changes in Cortical Metabolites at Three Stages of Infantile Hydrocephalus Studied byIn VitroNMR Spectroscopy
H Jones, N Harris, J Rocca, R Andersohn
Journal of Neurotrauma 1997
Cerebral abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging: Cerebral abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging
A Geissler, G Lock, R Fründ, P Held, S Hollerbach, T Andus, J Schölmerich, S Feuerbach, A Holstege
Hepatology 1997
Neurochemistry
A Teelken, J Korf
Neurochemistry International 1997
Volume regulation in brain cells: Cellular and molecular mechanisms
H Pasantes-Morales
Metabolic Brain Disease 1996
Dialysis and transplantation affect cerebral abnormalities of end-stage renal disease
T Michaelis, JS Videen, MS Linsey, BD Ross
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1996
Brain swelling after dialysis: Old urea or New Osmoles?
SM Silver, RH Sterns, ML Halperin
American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1996
Depletion of glutathione from brain cells in hyponatremia
EC Clark, D Thomas, J Baer, RH Sterns
Kidney International 1996
New aspects of brain physiology
BD Ross, S Blüml
NMR in Biomedicine 1996
Neuronal and glial handling of glutamate and glutamine during hypoosmotic stress: A biochemical and quantitative immunocytochemical analysis using the rat cerebellum as a model
EA Nagelhus, A Lehmann, OP Ottersen
Neuroscience 1996
Expression of Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter mRNA in normal and hypertonic stress rat eyes
H Morimura, S Shimada, Y Otori, A Yamauchi, Y Minami, K Inoue, A Miyai, I Ishimoto, Y Tano, M Tohyama
Molecular Brain Research 1996
Volume regulation and the efflux of amino acids from cells in incubated slices of rat cerebral cortex. I. Characteristics of transport mechanisms
RO Law
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1996
Glutamine, myo -inositol, and organic brain osmolytes after portocaval anastomosis in the rat: Implications for ammonia-induced brain edema: Glutamine, myo -inositol, and organic brain osmolytes after portocaval anastomosis in the rat: Implications for ammonia-induced brain edema
J Córdoba, J Gottstein, AT Blei
Hepatology 1996
Osmotic Demyelirtation Syndrome in a Patient with Pituitary Apoplexy
WP Rennert
Clinical Pediatrics 1996
Central pontine myelinolysis: clinical presentation and radiologic findings
J Laubenberger, B Schneider, O Ansorge, F Gtz, D Hussinger, B Volk, M Langer
European Radiology 1996
Measuring intracerebral osmolytes in hyponatremic disorders
I Kurtz
Journal of Clinical Investigation 1995
Human cerebral osmolytes during chronic hyponatremia. A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
JS Videen, T Michaelis, P Pinto, BD Ross
Journal of Clinical Investigation 1995
Role of organic osmolytes in myelinolysis. A topographic study in rats after rapid correction of hyponatremia
YH Lien
Journal of Clinical Investigation 1995
Role of Increased Cerebralmyo-Inositol in the Dementia of Down Syndrome
T Shonk, BD Ross
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 1995
Central pontine myelinolysis as a complication of partial ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency
LR Mattson, NM Lindor, DH Goldman, JT Goodwin, RV Groover, J Vockley
American Journal of Medical Genetics 1995
Central pontine myelinolysis following ‘slow’ correction of hyponatremia
S Pradhan, R Jha, M Singh, S Gupta, R Phadke, V Kher
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 1995
Effect of rapid correction of hyponatremia on the blood-brain barrier of rats
S Adler, JG Verbalis, D Williams
Brain Research 1995
Sodium and Water Homeostasis
H Trachtman
Pediatric Clinics of North America 1995
Prevention of brain demyelination in rats after excessive correction of chronic hyponatremia by serum sodium lowering
A Soupart, R Penninckx, L Crenier, A Stenuit, O Perier, G Decaux
Kidney International 1994
Scyllo-inositol depletion in hepatic encephalopathy
YH Lien, T Michaelis, RA Moats, BD Ross
Life Sciences 1994
Myélinolyse centropontine: à propos d'une forme paucisymptomatique
P Meyer, P Jouanny, MC Laurain, PE Bollaërt, M Braun, JP Mallié, C Jeandel
La Revue de Médecine Interne 1994
Effects of extracellular bicarbonate ions and pH on volume-regulatory taurine efflux from rat cerebral cortical slices in vitro: evidence for separate neutral and anionic transport mechanisms
RO Law
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1994
Osmotic regulation ofmyo-inositol uptake in primary astrocyte cultures
RE Isaacks, AS Bender, CY Kim, NM Prieto, MD Norenberg
Neurochemical Research 1994
Rapid correction of hyponatremia produces differential effects on brain osmolyte and electrolyte reaccumulation in rats
JG Verbalis, SR Gullans
Brain Research 1993
Perturbations in Sodium Balance: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia
MV DeVita, MF Michelis
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 1993
Maintenance of cell volume in the central nervous system
K Strange
Pediatric Nephrology 1993
In vivo31P NMR study of early cellular responses to hyperosmotic shock in cultured glioma cells
YH Lien, HZ Zhou, C Job, JA Barry, RJ Gillies
Biochimie 1992
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) in the rat: Role of the “reverse urea effect”
SM Silver, JA DeSimone, DA Smith, RH Sterns
Kidney International 1992
Osmotic shifts, metabolic compromise, and the vulnerability of the pons
AC McKee
The Western journal of medicine 1992
Treatment of chronic hyponatremia in rats by intravenous saline: Comparison of rate versus magnitude of correction
A Soupart, R Penninckx, A Stenuit, O Perier, G Decaux
Kidney International 1992
Cell volume regulation: a review of cerebral adaptive mechanisms and implications for clinical treatment of osmolal disturbances: II
H Trachtman
Pediatric Nephrology 1992
Hyponatremia: pathophysiology and treatment, a pediatric perspective
AB Gruskin, A Sarnaik
Pediatric Nephrology 1992

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