Go to JCI Insight
  • About
  • Editors
  • Consulting Editors
  • For authors
  • Publication ethics
  • Publication alerts by email
  • Advertising
  • Job board
  • Contact
  • Clinical Research and Public Health
  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • By specialty
    • COVID-19
    • Cardiology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Immunology
    • Metabolism
    • Nephrology
    • Neuroscience
    • Oncology
    • Pulmonology
    • Vascular biology
    • All ...
  • Videos
    • Conversations with Giants in Medicine
    • Video Abstracts
  • Reviews
    • View all reviews ...
    • Complement Biology and Therapeutics (May 2025)
    • Evolving insights into MASLD and MASH pathogenesis and treatment (Apr 2025)
    • Microbiome in Health and Disease (Feb 2025)
    • Substance Use Disorders (Oct 2024)
    • Clonal Hematopoiesis (Oct 2024)
    • Sex Differences in Medicine (Sep 2024)
    • Vascular Malformations (Apr 2024)
    • View all review series ...
  • Viewpoint
  • Collections
    • In-Press Preview
    • Clinical Research and Public Health
    • Research Letters
    • Letters to the Editor
    • Editorials
    • Commentaries
    • Editor's notes
    • Reviews
    • Viewpoints
    • 100th anniversary
    • Top read articles

  • Current issue
  • Past issues
  • Specialties
  • Reviews
  • Review series
  • Conversations with Giants in Medicine
  • Video Abstracts
  • In-Press Preview
  • Clinical Research and Public Health
  • Research Letters
  • Letters to the Editor
  • Editorials
  • Commentaries
  • Editor's notes
  • Reviews
  • Viewpoints
  • 100th anniversary
  • Top read articles
  • About
  • Editors
  • Consulting Editors
  • For authors
  • Publication ethics
  • Publication alerts by email
  • Advertising
  • Job board
  • Contact

Citations to this article

Effects of Escherichia coli hemolysin on human monocytes. Cytocidal action and stimulation of interleukin 1 release.
S Bhakdi, … , S Korom, G Schmidt
S Bhakdi, … , S Korom, G Schmidt
Published June 1, 1990
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1990;85(6):1746-1753. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI114631.
View: Text | PDF
Research Article Article has an altmetric score of 3

Effects of Escherichia coli hemolysin on human monocytes. Cytocidal action and stimulation of interleukin 1 release.

  • Text
  • PDF
Abstract

This study reports on the potent cytocidal and interleukin-1 releasing properties of Escherichia coli hemolysin (ECH) on human monocytes. Nanomolar concentrations of purified ECH (250-2,000 ng/ml) caused rapid and irreversible depletion of cellular ATP to levels below 20% of controls within 60 min. Subcytocidal doses (10-200 ng/ml) of ECH induced rapid release within 60-120 min of large amounts of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) from cultured monocytes. IL-1 beta release occurred in the presence of actinomycin D and cycloheximide, and was thus probably due to processing and export of intracellular IL-1 beta precursor. Incubation of toxin-producing E. coli at ratios of only 0.3-3 colony-forming units per monocyte evoked approximately 50% depletion of total cellular ATP within 90 min. Toxin producers also stimulated synthesis and release of large amounts of interleukin 1, but not of tumor necrosis factor within the same time span. In contrast, non-toxin producers caused neither cell death nor rapid interleukin 1 release. Stimulation of rapid interleukin 1 release coupled with potent cytocidal effects on cells of monocytic origin may represent pathogenetically significant events incurred by bacterial strains that produce ECH and related cytolysins.

Authors

S Bhakdi, M Muhly, S Korom, G Schmidt

×

Total citations by year

Year: 2025 2024 2022 2020 2019 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2010 2009 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1979 Total
Citations: 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 7 7 9 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 2 7 1 116
Citation information
This citation data is accumulated from CrossRef, which receives citation information from participating publishers, including this journal. Not all publishers participate in CrossRef, so this information is not comprehensive. Additionally, data may not reflect the most current citations to this article, and the data may differ from citation information available from other sources (for example, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus).

Citations to this article (116)

Title and authors Publication Year
A historical perspective on the multifunctional outer membrane channel protein TolC in Escherichia coli
Wright M, Kaur M, Thompson LK, Cox G
npj Antimicrobials and Resistance 2025
Comparison of flow cytometry and heterotrophic plate count methods for dialysis water microbial monitoring
Lucena R, Feurle J, Gil C, Ferreira A, Ponce P, Canaud B
Scientific Reports 2025
Membrane Interaction Characteristics of the RTX Toxins and the Cholesterol-Dependence of Their Cytolytic/Cytotoxic Activity
Ostolaza H, Amuategi J
International journal of molecular sciences 2024
Kingella kingae RtxA Cytotoxin in the Context of Other RTX Toxins.
Filipi K, Rahman WU, Osickova A, Osicka R
Microorganisms 2022
α-Hemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in THP-1 macrophages
V Verma, P Kumar, S Gupta, S Yadav, RS Dhanda, H Thorlacius, M Yadav
Scientific Reports 2020
Oral and intestinal bacterial exotoxins: Potential linked to carcinogenesis.
Silbergleit M, Vasquez AA, Miller CJ, Sun J, Kato I
Progress in molecular biology and translational science 2020
Retargeting from the CR3 to the LFA-1 receptor uncovers the adenylyl cyclase enzyme–translocating segment of Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin
J Masin, A Osickova, D Jurnecka, N Klimova, H Khaliq, P Sebo, R Osicka
The Journal of biological chemistry 2020
Efficient production of endotoxin depleted bioactive α-hemolysin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
V Verma, S Gupta, P Kumar, A Rawat, RS Dhanda, M Yadav
Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
Membrane Permeabilization by Pore-Forming RTX Toxins: What Kind of Lesions Do These Toxins Form?
H Ostolaza, D González-Bullón, KB Uribe, C Martín, J Amuategi, X Fernandez-Martínez
Toxins 2019
Interaction of acylated and unacylated forms of E. coli alpha-hemolysin with lipid monolayers: a PM-IRRAS study
RF Vázquez, MA Millone, FJ Pavinatto, VS Herlax, LS Bakás, ON Oliveira, ME Vela, SM Maté
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 2017
IL-36  is secreted in microparticles and exosomes by lung macrophages in response to bacteria and bacterial components
MA Kovach, BH Singer, MW Newstead, X Zeng, TA Moore, ES White, SL Kunkel, M Peters-Golden, TJ Standiford
Journal of leukocyte biology 2016
Strain- and host species-specific inflammasome activation, IL-1β release, and cell death in macrophages infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli
K Schaale, KM Peters, AM Murthy, AK Fritzsche, MD Phan, M Totsika, AA Robertson, KB Nichols, MA Cooper, KJ Stacey, GC Ulett, K Schroder, MA Schembri, MJ Sweet
Mucosal Immunology 2015
Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli O157: H7 recovered from meat and meat products relevant to Human Health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
AM Hessain, AA Al-Arfaj, AM Zakri, JK El-Jakee, OG Al-Zogibi, HA Hemeg, IM Ibrahim
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2015
Channel formation by RTX-toxins of pathogenic bacteria: Basis of their biological activity
R Benz
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2015
Microbial Toxins
I Linhartova, R Osicka, L Bumba, J Masin, P Sebo
Microbial Toxins 2015
Hemolysin of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: Structure, transport, biological activity and putative role in virulence
M Bielaszewska, T Aldick, A Bauwens, H Karch
International Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014
The RTX pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli : progress and perspectives
TJ Wiles, MA Mulvey
Future Microbiology 2013
The Type 1 secretion pathway — The hemolysin system and beyond
S Thomas, IB Holland, L Schmitt
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2013
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin Employs Outer Membrane Vesicles to Target Mitochondria and Cause Endothelial and Epithelial Apoptosis
M Bielaszewska, C Rüter, L Kunsmann, L Greune, A Bauwens, W Zhang, T Kuczius, KS Kim, A Mellmann, MA Schmidt, H Karch, SR Blanke
PLoS pathogens 2013
Advances in Applied Microbiology
JL Brooks, KK Jefferson
Advances in applied microbiology 2012
Bacteria differentially induce degradation of Bcl-xL, a survival protein, by human platelets
BF Kraemer, RA Campbell, H Schwertz, ZG Franks, AV de Abreu, K Grundler, BT Kile, BK Dhakal, MT Rondina, WH Kahr, MA Mulvey, RC Blaylock, GA Zimmerman, AS Weyrich
Blood 2012
Different Types of Cell Death Induced by Enterotoxins
CF Lin, CL Chen, WC Huang, YL Cheng, CY Hsieh, CY Wang, MY Hong
Toxins 2010
RTX proteins: a highly diverse family secreted by a common mechanism
I Linhartová, L Bumba, J Mašín, M Basler, R Osička, J Kamanová, K Procházková, I Adkins, J Hejnová-Holubová, L Sadílková, J Morová, P Sebo
FEMS Microbiology Reviews 2010
 -Hemolysin from Escherichia coli uses endogenous amplification through P2X receptor activation to induce hemolysis
M Skals, NR Jorgensen, J Leipziger, HA Praetorius
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2009
Externalization of the Leaderless Cytokine IL-1F6 Occurs in Response to Lipopolysaccharide/ATP Activation of Transduced Bone Marrow Macrophages
U Martin, J Scholler, J Gurgel, B Renshaw, JE Sims, CA Gabel
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2009
P2 purinergic receptor modulation of cytokine production
CA Gabel
Purinergic Signalling 2007
Sepsis
JM O’Brien, NA Ali, SK Aberegg, E Abraham
The American Journal of Medicine 2007
HlyA knock out yields a safer Escherichia coli A0 34/86 variant with unaffected colonization capacity in piglets
V Sheshko, J Hejnova, Z Rehakova, J Sinkora, M Faldyna, P Alexa, J Felsberg, R Nemcova, A Bomba, P Sebo
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 2006
The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins
JD Dubreuil
The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins 2006
Hemolysin chrysolysin™ from Penicillium chrysogenum promotes inflammatory response
M Donohue, Y Chung, ML Magnuson, M Ward, MJ Selgrade, S Vesper
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2005
Occurrence of hlyA and sheA Genes in Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Strains
M Kerényi, HE Allison, I Bátai, A Sonnevend, L Emödy, N Plaveczky, T Pál
Journal of clinical microbiology 2005
BHV-1 infection and inflammatory cytokines amplify the interaction of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin with bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro
F Leite, C Kuckleburg, D Atapattu, R Schultz, CJ Czuprynski
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2004
Glu 496 to Ala Polymorphism in the P2X 7 Receptor Impairs ATP-Induced IL-1β Release from Human Monocytes
R Sluyter, AN Shemon, JS Wiley
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2004
Maitotoxin Induces Biphasic Interleukin-1β Secretion and Membrane Blebbing in Murine Macrophages
PA Verhoef, SB Kertesy, M Estacion, WP Schilling, GR Dubyak
Molecular pharmacology 2004
Hyperpermeability of pulmonary endothelial monolayer: Protective role of phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 3 and 4
N Suttorp, P Ehreiser, S Hippenstiel, M Fuhrmann, M Krll, H Tenor, C Schudt
Lung 2004
Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) inhibits in vitro enterohemolysin (EHly) activity produced by enteropathogenicEscherichia coli
PM Figueirêdo, CF Catani, T Yano
FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 2003
The streptococcal exotoxin streptolysin O activates mast cells to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase- and protein kinase C-dependent pathways
M Stassen, C Müller, C Richter, C Neudörfl, L Hültner, S Bhakdi, I Walev, E Schmitt
Infection and immunity 2003
Prior exposure to Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin or LPS enhances β2-integrin expression by bovine neutrophils and augments LKT cytotoxicity
F Leite, S Gyles, D Atapattu, SK Maheswaran, CJ Czuprynski
Microbial Pathogenesis 2003
Glutathione S -Transferase Omega 1-1 Is a Target of Cytokine Release Inhibitory Drugs and May Be Responsible for Their Effect on Interleukin-1β Posttranslational Processing
RE Laliberte, DG Perregaux, LR Hoth, PJ Rosner, CK Jordan, KM Peese, JF Eggler, MA Dombroski, KF Geoghegan, CA Gabel
The Journal of biological chemistry 2003
Enterohemolysin operon of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: a virulence function of inflammatory cytokine production from human monocytes
I Taneike, HM Zhang, N Wakisaka-Saito, T Yamamoto
FEBS Letters 2002
Escherichia Coli
KS Kim
Escherichia Coli 2002
Purinergic (P2X7) Receptor Activation of Microglia Induces Cell Death via an Interleukin-1-Independent Mechanism
D Brough, RA le Feuvre, Y Iwakura, NJ Rothwell
Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 2002
Role of the Legionella pneumophila rtxA gene in amoebae
M Littman, JD Cirillo, L Yan, MM Samrakandi, SL Cirillo
Microbiology 2002
A Uropathogenicity Island Contributes to the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli Strains That Cause Neonatal Meningitis
V Houdouin, S Bonacorsi, N Brahimi, O Clermont, X Nassif, E Bingen
Infection and immunity 2002
Antimicrobial Peptides Initiate IL-1β Posttranslational Processing: A Novel Role Beyond Innate Immunity
DG Perregaux, K Bhavsar, L Contillo, J Shi, CA Gabel
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2002
Effects of Azithromycin on Shiga Toxin Production by Escherichia coli and Subsequent Host Inflammatory Response
T Ohara, S Kojio, I Taneike, S Nakagawa, F Gondaira, Y Tamura, F Gejyo, HM Zhang, T Yamamoto
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2002
Lipopolysaccharide enhances cytolysis and inflammatory cytokine induction in bovine alveolar macrophages exposed toPasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica leukotoxin
RL Lafleur, C Malazdrewich, S Jeyaseelan, E Bleifield, MS Abrahamsen, SK Maheswaran
Microbial Pathogenesis 2001
Interleukin-1? posttranslational processing?exploration of P2X7 receptor involvement
DG Perregaux, J Labasi, R Laliberte, E Stam, M Solle, B Koller, R Griffiths, CA Gabel
Drug Development Research 2001
Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences
E Raz
2001
Pore-Forming Toxins
FG van der Goot
2001
Initial Characterization of the Hemolysin Stachylysin from Stachybotrys chartarum
RN Moore, SJ Vesper, ML Magnuson, DG Dearborn, I Yike, RA Haugland
Infection and immunity 2001
Resealing of large transmembrane pores produced by streptolysin O in nucleated cells is accompanied by NF‐κB activation and downstream events
I Walev, M Hombach, W Bobkiewicz, D Fenske, S Bhakdi, M Husmann
The FASEB Journal 2001
Subcytocidal Attack by Staphylococcal Alpha-Toxin Activates NF-κB and Induces Interleukin-8 Production
DL Burns, Y Dragneva, CD Anuradha, A Valeva, A Hoffmann, S Bhakdi, M Husmann
Infection and immunity 2001
The role of immunostimulatory CpG-DNA in septic shock
H Wagner, GB Lipford, H Häcker
Springer Seminars in Immunopathology 2000
Modification of Cytokine Networks Induced in the Host by Intestinal Bacteria Producing Exotoxins
CM Mastrantonio
Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 2000
Altered Cytokine Production in Mice Lacking P2X 7 Receptors
M Solle, J Labasi, DG Perregaux, E Stam, N Petrushova, BH Koller, RJ Griffiths, CA Gabel
The Journal of biological chemistry 2000
Glycophorin as a Receptor for Escherichia coli α-Hemolysin in Erythrocytes
AL Cortajarena, FM Goñi, H Ostolaza
The Journal of biological chemistry 2000
Staphylococcal α-Toxin Provokes Coronary Vasoconstriction and Loss in Myocardial Contractility in Perfused Rat Hearts: Role of Thromboxane Generation
U Sibelius, U Grandel, M Buerke, D Mueller, L Kiss, HJ Kraemer, R Braun-Dullaeus, W Haberbosch, W Seeger, F Grimminger
Circulation 2000
Dangerous signals from E. coli toxin
A Ludwig, W Goebel
Nature Medicine 2000
ATP Acts as an Agonist to Promote Stimulus-Induced Secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in Human Blood
DG Perregaux, P McNiff, R Laliberte, M Conklyn, CA Gabel
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2000
Kinetics and Mechanism of ATP-Dependent IL-1β Release from Microglial Cells
JM Sanz, FD Virgilio
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2000
Contribution of Escherichia coli Alpha-Hemolysin to Bacterial Virulence and to Intraperitoneal Alterations in Peritonitis
JT Barbieri, AK May, TG Gleason, RG Sawyer, TL Pruett
Infection and immunity 2000
Escherichia coliPromotes Macrophage Apoptosis
KG Stravodimos, PC Singhal, S Sharma, K Reddy, AD Smith
Journal of Endourology 1999
Immunoglobulin A1 protease, an exoenzyme of pathogenic Neisseriae, is a potent inducer of proinflammatory cytokines
DR Lorenzen, F Düx, U Wölk, A Tsirpouchtsidis, G Haas, TF Meyer
Journal of Experimental Medicine 1999
Immunoglobulin A1 Protease, an Exoenzyme of Pathogenic Neisseriae, Is a Potent Inducer of Proinflammatory Cytokines
DR Lorenzen, F Dux, U Wolk, A Tsirpouchtsidis, G Haas, TF Meyer
Journal of Experimental Medicine 1999
ATP Treatment of Human Monocytes Promotes Caspase-1 Maturation and Externalization
RE Laliberte, J Eggler, CA Gabel
The Journal of biological chemistry 1999
Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections
JC Paton, AW Paton
Clinical microbiology reviews 1998
Human monocyte stimulus-coupled IL-1β posttranslational processing: modulation via monovalent cations
DG Perregaux, CA Gabel
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 1998
Actin enhances the haemolytic activity of Escherichia coli
RJ Basaraba, AN Byerly, GC Stewart, DA Mosier, BW Fenwick, MM Chengappa, WW Laegreid
Microbiology 1998
Hemolytically Active (Acylated) Alpha-Hemolysin Elicits Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) but Augments the Lethality of Escherichia coli by an IL-1- and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Independent Mechanism
RN Moore, TG Gleason, CW Houlgrave, AK May, TD Crabtree, RG Sawyer, W Denham, JG Norman, TL Pruett
Infection and immunity 1998
Acylation of Escherichia coli Hemolysin: A Unique Protein Lipidation Mechanism Underlying Toxin Function
P Stanley, V Koronakis, C Hughes
Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 1998
Reinfektionsprophylaxe durch L-Methionin bei Patienten mit einer rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfektion
R Fünfstück, E Straube, O Schildbach, U Tietz
Medizinische Klinik 1997
Are bacterial exotoxins cytokine network regulators?
B Henderson, M Wilson, B Wren
Trends in Microbiology 1997
Biochemical and physiological characteristics of hlya, a pore-forming cytolysin of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1
V Sathyamoorthy, JS Huntley, AC Hall, RH Hall
Toxicon 1997
Synergism Between Endotoxin Priming and Exotoxin Challenge in Provoking Severe Vascular Leakage in Rabbit Lungs
H Schütte, S Rosseau, R Czymek, L Ermert, D Walmrath, HJ Krämer, W Seeger, F Grimminger
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 1997
Membrane attack induced by HlyA, a pore-forming toxin of Vibrio cholerae
JS Huntley, V Sathyamoorthy, RH Hall, AC Hall
Human & Experimental Toxicology 1997
Independent interaction of the acyltransferase HlyC with two maturation domains of the Escherichia coli toxin HlyA
P Stanley, V Koronakis, K Hardie, C Hughes
Molecular Microbiology 1996
Microbial/host interactions in health and disease: Who controls the cytokine network?
B Henderson, S Poole, M Wilson
Immunopharmacology 1996
Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis
B Henderson, S Poole, M Wilson
Microbiological reviews 1996
Analysis of the in vivo activation of hemolysin (HlyA) from Escherichia coli
A Ludwig, F Garcia, S Bauer, T Jarchau, R Benz, J Hoppe, W Goebel
Journal of bacteriology 1996
Selective killing of human monocytes and cytokine release provoked by sphingomyelinase (beta-toxin) of Staphylococcus aureus
I Walev, U Weller, S Strauch, T Foster, S Bhakdi
Infection and immunity 1996
In vivo cytokine response to Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin determined with genetically engineered hemolytic and nonhemolytic E. coli variants
AK May, RG Sawyer, T Gleason, A Whitworth, TL Pruett
Infection and immunity 1996
Pathology of Septic Shock
ET Rietschel, H Wagner
1996
Cytokine-inducing components of periodontopathogenic bacteria
M Wilson, K Reddi, B Henderson
Journal of Periodontal Research 1996
Modulins: A new class of cytokine-inducing, pro-inflammatory bacterial virulence factor
B Henderson, M Wilson
Inflammation Research 1995
Binding of antibodies to functional epitopes on the pore formed by Escherichia coli hemolysin in cells and model membranes
G Menestrina, M Ropele, MD Serra, C Pederzolli, F Hugo, S Pellet, RA Welch
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1995
Biological effects of RTX toxins: the possible role of lipopolysaccharide
CJ Czuprynski, RA Welch
Trends in Microbiology 1995
Molecular analysis of the plasmid-encoded hemolysin of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL 933
H Schmidt, L Beutin, H Karch
Infection and immunity 1995
Dissociation of cytolysis and monokine release by bovine mononuclear phagocytes incubated with Pasteurella haemolytica partially purified leukotoxin and lipopolysaccharide
P Stevens, C Czuprynski
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche vétérinaire 1995
Bacterial hemolysins and leukotoxins affect target cells by forming large exogenous pores into their plasma membrane.Escherichia coli hemolysin a as a case example
G Menestrina, M Serra, C Pederzolli, M Bregante, F Gambale
Bioscience Reports 1995
Molecular mechanisms of action of bacterial protein toxins
G Menestrina, G Schiavo, C Montecucco
Molecular Aspects of Medicine 1994
Pore-formation by Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) and other members of the RTX toxins family
G Menestrina, C Moser, S Pellet, R Welch
Toxicology 1994
Mechanism of action of equinatoxin II, a cytolysin from the sea anemone Actinia equina L. belonging to the family of actinoporins
P Maček, G Belmonte, C Pederzolli, G Menestrina
Toxicology 1994
Pore formation by the Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin: role for mediator release from human inflammatory cells
B König, A Ludwig, W Goebel, W König
Infection and immunity 1994
Endotoxin "priming" potentiates lung vascular abnormalities in response to Escherichia coli hemolysin: an example of synergism between endo- and exotoxin
D Walmrath, HA Ghofrani, S Rosseau, H Schütte, A Cramer, W Kaddus, F Grimminger, S Bhakdi, W Seeger
Journal of Experimental Medicine 1994
Effect of growth factors on Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin-induced mediator release from human inflammatory cells: involvement of the signal transduction pathway
B König, W König
Infection and immunity 1994
A cytolysin encoded by Salmonella is required for survival within macrophages
SJ Libby, W Goebel, A Ludwig, N Buchmeier, F Bowe, FC Fang, DG Guiney, JG Songer, F Heffron
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1994
Purified Shiga-like toxins induce expression of proinflammatory cytokines from murine peritoneal macrophages
VL Tesh, B Ramegowda, JE Samuel
Infection and immunity 1994
Gene targeting and generation of mutant mice for studies of cell-extracellular matrix interactions
KL Philpott, JL Viney, G Kay, S Rastan, EM Gardiner, S Chae, AC Hayday, MJ Owen
Methods in enzymology 1994
Proteinaceous bacterial toxins and pathogenesis of sepsis syndrome and septic shock: the unknown connection
S Bhakdi, F Grimminger, N Suttorp, D Walmrath, W Seeger
Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1994
Induction and suppression of cytokine release (tumour necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta) by Escherichia coli pathogenicity factors (adhesions, alpha-haemolysin)
B König, W König
Immunology 1993
Cytocidal effects of Escherichia coli hemolysin on human T lymphocytes
D Jonas, B Schultheis, C Klas, PH Krammer, S Bhakdi
Infection and immunity 1993
Expression of contact-dependent cytolytic activity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and isolation of the genomic locus that encodes the activity
CH King, S Mundayoor, JT Crawford, TM Shinnick
Infection and immunity 1993
Pathophysiology of Shock, Sepsis, and Organ Failure
G Schlag, H Redl
1993
In vivo effects of intravascularly applied Escherichia coli hemolysin: dissociation between induction of granulocytopenia and lethality in monkeys
D Vagts, HP Dienes, PJ Barth, H Ronneberger, KD Hungerer, S Bhakdi
Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1993
A guide to the use of pore-forming toxins for controlled permeabilization of cell membranes
S Bhakdi, U Weller, I Walev, E Martin, D Jonas, M Palmer
Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1993
Inflammatory Host Responses in Sepsis
JJ Zimmerman, TV Ringer
Critical Care Clinics 1992
Mononuclear Phagocytes
R van Furth
1992
Pore-forming cytolysins of Gram-negative bacteria
RA Welch
Molecular Microbiology 1991
Cytokine response by human monocytes to Clostridium difficile toxin A and toxin B
WA Flegel, F Müller, W Däubener, HG Fischer, U Hadding, H Northoff
Infection and immunity 1991
Superoxide generation by human neutrophils induced by low doses of Escherichia coli hemolysin
S Bhakdi, E Martin
Infection and immunity 1991
Lung Vascular Injury after Administration of Viable Hemolysin-forming Escherichia coli in Isolated Rabbit Lungs
W Seeger, R Obernitz, M Thomas, D Walmrath, N Suttorn, IB Holland, F Grimminger, B EberspäCher, F Hugo, S Bhakdi
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 1991
Molecular Aspects of Inflammation
H Sies, L Flohé, G Zimmer
1991
Infektionen auf Intensivstationen
E Deutsch, H Gadner, W Graninger, G Kleinberger, K Lenz, R Ritz, HP Schuster, HA Zaunschirm
1991
The different hemolysins of Escherichia coli
L Beutin
Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1991
Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis
W Drukker, FM Parsons, JF Maher
1979

← Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next →

Advertisement

Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

Sign up for email alerts

Referenced in 2 patents
18 readers on Mendeley
See more details