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Sex steroids and bone mass. A study of changes about the time of menopause.
C Slemenda, … , C Longcope, C C Johnston
C Slemenda, … , C Longcope, C C Johnston
Published November 1, 1987
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1987;80(5):1261-1269. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI113201.
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Sex steroids and bone mass. A study of changes about the time of menopause.

Abstract

To examine the relationships between bone loss and sex steroids, 84 peri- and postmenopausal women were studied at 4-mo intervals for 3 yr. At each visit, measurements were made of bone mass at the midshaft and distal radius, of steroids, of gonadotropins, and of bone gla protein (BGP). Bone loss was approximately 1% per yr among late perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups, whereas the early perimenopausal group lost no bone. Mean serum estrogen and BGP concentrations predicted rates of bone loss. BGP was negatively correlated with the rate of bone loss (r = -0.45) and with mean estrogen concentrations (r = -0.40). Multivariate regressions showed estrogen concentrations to be strong independent predictors of the slope of bone mass over time. When BGP concentrations were added to the models, the significance of estrogen was reduced, suggesting that a portion of the estrogen effect was mediated through effects on rates of bone remodelling.

Authors

C Slemenda, S L Hui, C Longcope, C C Johnston

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Can biochemical markers predict bone loss at the hip and spine?: A 4-year prospective study of 141 early postmenopausal women
RW Keen, T Nguyen, R Sobnack, LA Perry, PW Thompson, TD Spector 		Osteoporosis International 1996
Spinal bone mineral loss in estrogen-replete, calcium-replete premenopausal women
JT Citron, B Ettinger, HK Genant 		Osteoporosis International 1995
Analysis of relationships between sex hormone dynamics and bone metabolism and changes in bone mass in surgically induced menopause
Y Satoh, Y Soeda, S Dokou 		Calcified Tissue International 1995
Pathogenesis of osteoporosis
CC Johnston, CW Slemenda 		Bone 1995
Decreased bone turnover in oral contraceptive users
P Garnero, E Sornay-Rendu, PD Delmas 		Bone 1995
Evaluation of bone turnover and bone mass during tapering estrogen therapy: a preliminary report
FP Cantatore, E Cicinelli, P Galantino, V Pepe, A Popolizio, F Savino, G Balzano, S Epifani 		Arthritis & Rheumatism 1995
Sustained-release estradiol implants and a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in hormone replacement therapy
SP Suhonen, HO Allonen, P Lähteenmäki 		American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995
Changes in bone mineral density and markers of bone remodeling during lactation and postweaning in women consuming high amounts of calcium
NA Cross, LS Hillman, SH Allen, GF Krause 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1995
Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Anovulatory Women
KH Park, CH Song 		Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1995
The insulin-like growth factor system and the coupling of formation to resorption
JM Hayden, S Mohan, DJ Baylink 		Bone 1995
Comparison of the action of 17β-estradiol and progestins with insulin-like growth factors-I/-II and transforming growth factor-β1 on the growth of normal adult human bone-forming cells
HJ Verhaar, CA Damen, SA Duursma, BA Scheven 		Maturitas 1995
A longitudinal study of the perimenopausal transition: altered profiles of steroid and pituitary hormones, SHBG and bone mineral density
G Rannevik, S Jeppsson, O Johnell, B Bjerre, Y Laurell-Borulf, L Svanberg 		Maturitas 1995
Advances in Drug Research
CL Crespi 		Advances in Drug Research 1995
ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN OSTEOPOROSIS: ADVANCES AND CONTROVERSIES
RP MD 		Endocrine Practice 1995
Temporal relationship between bone loss and increased bone turnover: A longitudinal study following natural menopause
R Rosso, S Minisola, A Scarda, MT Pacitti, V Carnevale, E Romagnoli, GF Mazzuoli 		Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 1995
Menopause-related changes in bone mineral density in Japanese women: A longitudinal study on lumbar spine and proximal femur
T Tsunenari, S Yamada, M Kawakatsu, H Negishi, M Tsutsumi 		Calcified Tissue International 1995
Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des Recherches Pharmaceutiques
VK Singh, ME Gnegy, SP Gupta, R Leurs, RC Vollinga, H Timmerman, RW Fuller, NC Cohen, V Tschinke, EJ Benaksas, ED Murray, WJ Wechter, I Dwivedy, S Ray, E Jucker 		1995
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases bone loss and bone resorption in ovariectomized rats
RB Kimble, JL Vannice, DC Bloedow, RC Thompson, W Hopfer, VT Kung, C Brownfield, R Pacifici 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 1994
Impact of the menopause on skeletal metabolism and osteoporotic syndromes
LV Avioli 		Experimental Gerontology 1994
Effect of degenerative spinal and aortic calcification on bone density measurements in post-menopausal women: links between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease?
LM Banks, B Lees, JE Macsweeney, JC Stevenson 		European Journal of Clinical Investigation 1994
Nutrition, Physical Activity and Bone Health in Women
JH Wilson 		Nutrition Research Reviews 1994
Major Issues Regarding Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
JP Bilezikian 		Journal of Women's Health 1994
Bone metabolism changes after transdermal estradiol dose reduction during estrogen replacement therapy: A 1-year prospective study
E Cicinelli, P Galantino, V Pepe, A Popolizio, F Savino, G Balzano, S Epifani, FP Cantatore 		Maturitas 1994
Ovarian hormone status, life-style factors, and markers of bone metabolism in women aged 50 years
A Leino, J Jrvisalo, O Impivaara, M Kaitsaari 		Calcified Tissue International 1994
Comprehensive Management of Menopause
J Lorrain, L Plouffe, VA Ravnikar, L Speroff, NB Watts 		1994
Premenopausal bone loss: Fact or artifact?
BJ Riis 		Osteoporosis International 1994
Nutrition and Osteoporosis
HH Draper 		1994
The Clinical Biochemistry of the Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy
SM Gow, EI Turner, A Glasier 		Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 1994
The Female Athlete Triad: The Inter-Relatedness of Disordered Eating, Amenorrhea, and Osteoporosis
A Nattiv, R Agostini, B Drinkwater, KK Yeager 		Clinics in Sports Medicine 1994
HETEROGENEITY IN OSTEOPOROSIS
ES Orwoll, M Bliziotes 		Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America 1994
High-Dose gestagens modulate bone resorption and formation and enhance estrogen-induced endosteal bone formation in the ovariectomized mouse
SD Bain, E Jensen, DL Celino, MC Bailey, MM Lantry, MW Edwards 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1993
Biochemical markers of bone turnover
PD Delmas 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1993
Influence of breastfeeding and other reproductive factors on bone mass later in life
LJ Melton, SC Bryant, HW Wahner, WM O'Fallon, GD Malkasian, HL Judd, BL Riggs 		Osteoporosis International 1993
Differences in axial bone mineral density, serum levels of sex steroids, and bone metabolism between postmenopausal and age- and body size-matched premenopausal subjects
H Ohta, T Ikeda, T Masuzawa, K Makita, Y Suda, S Nozawa 		Bone 1993
Urinary hydroxypyridinium crosslinks of collagen as markers of bone resorption and estrogen efficacy in postmenopausal osteoporosis
MJ Seibel, F Cosman, V Shen, S Gordon, DW Dempster, A Ratcliffe, R Lindsay 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1993
Les marqueurs osseux
C Cormier, JC Souberbielle, C Kindermans, CJ Menkes, C Sachs 		Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée 1993
Estrogen status and bone mass in the premenopausal period: Is osteoporosis a developmental disease?
R Civitelli, DT Villareal, R Armamento-Villareal 		Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 1993
Thiazides and seasonal bone change in healthy postmenopausal women
B Dawson-Hughes, S Harris 		Bone and Mineral 1993
Pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis
R Lindsay 		Baillière's Clinical Rheumatology 1993
Osteoporosis: screening, prevention, and management**Presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the American Fertility Society, Orlando, Florida, October 21 to 24, 1991
M Notelovitz 		Fertility and Sterility 1993
Osteoporosis and Hip Fracture
SJ Birge 		Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 1993
Humoral Factors in the Regulation of Tissue Growth
PP Foà 		1993
Physiology and Pharmacology of Bone
GR Mundy, TJ Martin 		1993
Effect of weight manipulation on bone loss due to ovariectomy and the protective effects of estrogen in the rat
RE Roudebush, DE Magee, DN Benslay, AM Bendele, HU Bryant 		Calcified Tissue International 1993
Biochemical markers of bone turnover for the clinical investigation of osteoporosis
PD Delmas 		Osteoporosis International 1993
Menopausal bone loss is partially regulated by dietary intake of vitamin D
B Lukert, J Higgins, M Stoskopf 		Calcified Tissue International 1992
Is there a causal role for IL-1 in postmenopausal bone loss?
R Pacifici 		Calcified Tissue International 1992
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the forearm: Reproducibility and correlation with single-photon absorptiometry
MS Leboff, GE Fuleihan, JE Angell, S Chung, K Curtis 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1992
Change in bone mass immediately before menopause
RR Recker, JM Lappe, KM Davies, DB Kimmel 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1992
Minimal levels of serum estradiol prevent postmenopausal bone loss
JY Reginster, N Sarlet, R Deroisy, A Albert, U Gaspard, P Franchimont 		Calcified Tissue International 1992
Can urinary pyridinium crosslinks and urinary oestrogens predict bone mass and rate of bone loss after the menopause?
PA Mole, MH Walkinshaw, SP Robins, CR Paterson 		European Journal of Clinical Investigation 1992
Changes in Skeletal Tissue During the Aging Process
CC Johnston, CW Slemenda 		Nutrition Reviews 1992
Biochemical parameters associated with low bone density in healthy men and women
SS Sherman, JD Tobin, BW Hollis, CM Gundberg, TA Roy, CC Plato 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1992
Radial bone mineral changes in pre- and postmenopausal healthy japanese women: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
H Hagino, K Yamamoto, R Teshima, H Kishimoto, T Kagawa 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1992
Calcium Supplementation and Increases in Bone Mineral Density in Children
CC Johnston, JZ Miller, CW Slemenda, TK Reister, S Hui, JC Christian, M Peacock 		New England Journal of Medicine 1992
Rates of change in bone mineral density of the spine, heel, femoral neck and radius in healthy postmenopausal women
S Harris, B Dawson-Hughes 		Bone and Mineral 1992
Influence of body weight on rates of change in bone density of the spine, hip, and radius in postmenopausal women
S Harris, GE Dallal, B Dawson-Hughes 		Calcified Tissue International 1992
An effective regimen of intranasal salmon calcitonin in early postmenopausal bone loss
C Gennari, D Agnusdei, M Montagnani, S Gonnelli, R Civitelli 		Calcified Tissue International 1992
Cigarette smoking, steroid hormones, and bone mineral density in young women
M Daniel, AD Martin, DT Drinkwater 		Calcified Tissue International 1992
Endogenous sex hormones and bone mineral density among community-based postmenopausal women
S Murphy, KT Khaw, MJ Sneyd, JE Compston 		Postgraduate medical journal 1992
Women with climacteric symptoms: A target group for prevention of rapid bone loss and osteoporosis
T Naessén, I Persson, S Ljunghall, R Bergström 		Osteoporosis International 1992
Potential value of urinary oestrogen assays in the identification of fast bone losers after the menopause
MH Walkinshaw, PA Mole, CR Paterson 		Osteoporosis International 1992
Antiestrogen chemoprevention of breast cancer: Critical issues and research
RR Love 		Preventive Medicine 1991
Homeostatic control of bone structure: An application of feedback theory
CH Turner 		Bone 1991
Serum bone GLA protein in streak gonad syndrome
J Zséli, P Bösze, P Lakatos, P Vargha, G Tarján, É Kollin, C Horváth, J László, I Holló 		Calcified Tissue International 1991
Interpretation of bone mass determinations as they relate to fracture: Implications for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism
M Peacock 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1991
Significance of osteoporosis: A growing international health care problem
LV Avioli 		Calcified Tissue International 1991
Urinary excretion of pyridinoline crosslinks correlates with bone turnover measured on iliac crest biopsy in patients with vertebral osteoporosis
PD Delmas, A Schlemmer, E Gineyts, B Riis, C Christiansen 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1991
Osteoporosis in the U. S
CC Johnston, CW Slemenda 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 1991
Estrogen, Calcium Metabolism and the Skeleton
R Lindsay, F Cosman 		Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1991
No evidence for an effect of lactase deficiency on bone mass in pre- or postmenopausal women
CW Slemenda, JC Christian, S Hui, J Fitzgerald, CC Johnston 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1991
Role of physical activity in the development of skeletal mass in children
CW Slemenda, JZ Miller, SL Hui, TK Reister, CC Johnston 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1991
International Review of Cytology
RA Miller 		International Review of Cytology 1991
3 What do we know about biochemical bone markers?
PD Delmas 		Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1991
5 Why do oestrogens prevent bone loss?
R Lindsay 		Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1991
The effects of muscle-building exercise on forearm bone mineral content and osteoblast activity in drug-free and anabolic steroids sell-administering young men
CE Fiore, E Cottini, GD Salvo, R Foti, M Rastagliesi 		Bone and Mineral 1991
Non-trauma mortality in elderly women with low bone mineral density
WS Browner, DG Seeley, SR Cummings, TM Vogt 		The Lancet 1991
Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in women with endometriosis**Supported by Syntex Laboratories, Inc., Palo Alto, California
N Lane, J Baptista, E Orwoll 		Fertility and Sterility 1991
Comparison of vitamin D metabolism in early healthy and late osteoporotic postmenopausal women
D Hartwell, BJ Riis, C Christiansen 		Calcified Tissue International 1990
REVIEW OSTEOPOROSIS
JE Compston 		Clinical Endocrinology 1990
Estrogens, bone loss and preservation
C Christiansen, R Lindsay 		Osteoporosis International 1990
Screening procedure for women at risk of developing postmenopausal osteoporosis
C Christiansen, BJ Riis, P Rødbro 		Osteoporosis International 1990
Estrogen in Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosisa
R Lindsay, F Cosman 		Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1990
Sex steroids and osteoporosis: Effects of deficiencies and substitutive treatments
LP Schot, AH Schuurs 		The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1990
Premenopausal Bone Loss — A Risk Factor for Osteoporosis
CC Johnston, C Longcope 		New England Journal of Medicine 1990
Spinal Bone Loss and Ovulatory Disturbances
JC Prior, YM Vigna, MT Schechter, AE Burgess 		New England Journal of Medicine 1990
Androgen and estrogen dynamics: Stability over a two year interval in peri-menopausal women
C Longcope, CC Johnston 		Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 1990
Relationship between plasma calcium fractions, other bone-related variables, and serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women
BE Nordin, HA Morris, AG Need, M Horowitz, WG Robertson 		American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1990
Bone mass and anthropometric measurements in adult females
CW Slemenda, SL Hui, CJ Williams, JC Christian, FJ Meaney, CC Johnston 		Bone and Mineral 1990
Pathophysiology of bone loss in castrated animals
LP Schot, AH Schuurs 		The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1990
Endocrine Function and Aging
HJ Armbrecht, RM Coe, N Wongsurawat 		1990
The pathophysiology of peri- and postmenopausal bone loss
L Nilas, C Christiansen 		BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1989
Cigarette smoking, obesity, and bone mass
CW Slemenda, SL Hui, C Longcope, CC Johnston 		Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1989
The application of plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase to assess changes in bone resorption in response to artificial menopause and its treatment with estrogen or norethisterone
JJ Štěpán, J Pospíchal, V Schreiber, J Kaňka, J Menšík, J Presl, V Pacovský 		Calcified Tissue International 1989
The effect of ovariectomy on spine bone mineral density in rhesus monkeys
C Longcope, L Hoberg, S Steuterman, D Baran 		Bone 1989
Heritability of bone mass: a longitudinal study in aging male twins
JC Christian, PL Yu, CW Slemenda, CC Johnston 		The American Journal of Human Genetics 1989
Ovarian steroid treatment blocks a postmenopausal increase in blood monocyte interleukin 1 release
R Pacifici, L Rifas, R McCracken, I Vered, C McMurtry, LV Avioli, WA Peck 		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1989
Non-invasive techniques for the measurement of bone mineral
E Seeman, TJ Martin 		Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1989
Bone-derived proteins
S Epstein 		Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 1989
Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in a prospective study
SL Hui, CW Slemenda, CC Johnston 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 1988
Bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Effect of calcitonin treatment
R Civitelli, S Gonnelli, F Zacchei, S Bigazzi, A Vattimo, LV Avioli, C Gennari 		Journal of Clinical Investigation 1988
Some determinants of low bone mass and fracture among the elderly
CC Johnston 		Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association 1988
Diminished Rates of Bone Formation in Normal Black Adults
RS Weinstein, NH Bell 		New England Journal of Medicine 1988
OSTEOPOROSIS
AM Cooks 		The Lancet 1955

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