The antigen-specific immune unresponsiveness seen in bancroftian filariasis was studied by examining lymphokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or PBMC subpopulations from 10 patients with asymptomatic microfilaremia, 13 patients with elephantiasis and 6 normal North Americans. In each group of patients, the kinetics of the lymphokine response and the response to mitogens and nonparasite antigens did not differ significantly. In marked contrast, when antigen-induced lymphokine production was examined, most patients with microfilaremia were unable to produce either interleukin 2 (IL-2) or gamma-interferon (i.e., were nonresponders), and the few who could (hyporesponders, generally with quite low microfilaremia levels) did so at levels significantly less than those of patients with elephantiasis, all of whom showed strong responses to parasite antigen. Removal of neither adherent cells or T8+ cells affected the parasite-specific anergy seen in those with microfilaremia, suggesting a state of T cell tolerance to the parasite in patients with this most common clinical manifestation of bancroftian filariasis.
T B Nutman, V Kumaraswami, E A Ottesen
Title and authors | Publication | Year |
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A filarial parasite-encoded human IL-10 receptor antagonist reveals a novel strategy to modulate host responses.
Ricciardi A, Hassan SA, Kamenyeva O, Bennuru S, Andersen J, Nutman TB |
2022 | |
Extracellular vesicles released from the filarial parasite Brugia malayi downregulate the host mTOR pathway
A Ricciardi, S Bennuru, S Tariq, S Kaur, W Wu, AG Elkahloun, A Arakelyan, J Shaik, DW Dorward, TB Nutman, RT Semnani, BL Makepeace |
PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2021 |
IL-10 and Its Related Superfamily Members IL-19 and IL-24 Provide Parallel/Redundant Immune-Modulation in Loa loa Infection
A Ricciardi, TB Nutman |
The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2020 |
Wuchereria bancrofti infection is linked to systemic activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells
I Kroidl, M Chachage, J Mnkai, A Nsojo, M Berninghoff, JJ Verweij, L Maganga, NE Ntinginya, L Maboko, P Clowes, M Hoelscher, E Saathoff, C Geldmacher, S Babu |
PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2019 |
Placental gene expression and antibody levels of mother-neonate pairs reveal an enhanced risk for inflammation in a helminth endemic country
E Ludwig, J Harder, M Lacorcia, YJ Honkpehedji, OP Nouatin, GJ van Dam, PL Corstjens, E Sartono, M Esen, SM Lobmaier, AA Adegnika, CP da Costa |
Scientific Reports | 2019 |
Helminth parasites and immune regulation
PH Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, TB Nutman |
F1000Research | 2018 |
Lymphatic Filariasis: Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention - The Indian Perspective
BK Tyagi |
2018 | |
Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites
RM Maizels, HJ McSorley |
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | 2016 |
Looking beyond the induction of Th2 responses to explain immunomodulation by helminths
TB Nutman |
Parasite Immunology | 2015 |
Interleukin 1 (IL-1)- and IL-23-Mediated Expansion of Filarial Antigen-Specific Th17 and Th22 Cells in Filarial Lymphedema
R Anuradha, PJ George, V Chandrasekaran, PP Kumaran, TB Nutman, S Babu |
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI | 2014 |
Expansion of Parasite-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Expressing IL-10 Superfamily Cytokine Members and Their Regulation in Human Lymphatic Filariasis
R Anuradha, PJ George, LE Hanna, P Kumaran, V Chandrasekaran, TB Nutman, S Babu, S Specht |
PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2014 |
Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health
F Bruschi |
2014 | |
IL-4-, TGF-β-, and IL-1-dependent expansion of parasite antigen-specific Th9 cells is associated with clinical pathology in human lymphatic filariasis
R Anuradha, PJ George, LE Hanna, V Chandrasekaran, P Kumaran, TB Nutman, S Babu |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 2013 |
Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Filarial Infection and Their Function
S Metenou, TB Nutman |
Frontiers in immunology | 2013 |
Insights into the Pathogenesis of Disease in Human Lymphatic Filariasis
TB Nutman |
Lymphatic Research and Biology | 2013 |
IL-4–, TGF-β–, and IL-1–Dependent Expansion of Parasite Antigen-Specific Th9 Cells Is Associated with Clinical Pathology in Human Lymphatic Filariasis
R Anuradha, PJ George, LE Hanna, V Chandrasekaran, P Kumaran, TB Nutman, S Babu |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 2013 |
Immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filarial disease1
S Babu, TB Nutman |
Seminars in Immunopathology | 2012 |
Impact of filarial infections on coincident intracellular pathogens : Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum
S Metenou, S Babu, TB Nutman |
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS | 2012 |
Elevated Adaptive Immune Responses Are Associated with Latent Infections of Wuchereria bancrofti
K Arndts, S Deininger, S Specht, U Klarmann, S Mand, T Adjobimey, AY Debrah, L Batsa, A Kwarteng, C Epp, M Taylor, O Adjei, LE Layland, A Hoerauf, M Doenhoff |
PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2012 |
Altered T cell memory and effector cell development in chronic lymphatic filarial infection that is independent of persistent parasite antigen
C Steel, TB Nutman |
PloS one | 2011 |
Altered T Cell Memory and Effector Cell Development in Chronic Lymphatic Filarial Infection That Is Independent of Persistent Parasite Antigen
C Steel, TB Nutman, CK Carlow |
PloS one | 2011 |
Elimination of helminth infection restores HIV-1C vaccine-specific T cell responses independent of helminth-induced IL-10
AA Da'dara, DA Harn |
Vaccine | 2010 |
Immune responses to recombinant Brugia malayi pepsin inhibitor homolog (Bm-33) in patients with human lymphatic filariaisis
NS Krushna, C Shiny, G Manokaran, S Elango, S Babu, RB Narayanan |
Parasitology Research | 2010 |
Human type 1 and 17 responses in latent tuberculosis are modulated by coincident filarial infection through cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1
S Babu, SQ Bhat, NP Kumar, S Jayantasri, S Rukmani, P Kumaran, PG Gopi, C Kolappan, V Kumaraswami, TB Nutman |
The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2009 |
CD4+(and Not CD25+) T Cells Are the Predominant Interleukin‐10–Producing Cells in the Circulation of Filaria‐Infected Patients
E Mitre, D Chien, TB Nutman |
The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2008 |
CD4(+) (and not CD25+) T cells are the predominant interleukin-10-producing cells in the circulation of filaria-infected patients
E Mitre, D Chien, TB Nutman |
The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2008 |
Expansion of Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells in Mice Infected with the Filarial Parasite Brugia malayi
HJ McSorley, YM Harcus, J Murray, MD Taylor, RM Maizels |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 2008 |
Helminth infection suppresses T-cell immune response to HIV-DNA-based vaccine in mice
AA Da’Dara, N Lautsch, T Dudek, V Novitsky, TH Lee, M Essex, DA Harn |
Vaccine | 2006 |
Regulatory Networks Induced by Live Parasites Impair Both Th1 and Th2 Pathways in Patent Lymphatic Filariasis: Implications for Parasite Persistence
S Babu, CP Blauvelt, V Kumaraswami, TB Nutman |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 2006 |
Transcriptional control of impaired Th1 responses in patent lymphatic filariasis by T-box expressed in T cells and suppressor of cytokine signaling genes
S Babu, V Kumaraswami, TB Nutman |
Infection and immunity | 2005 |
Diminished monocyte function in microfilaremic patients with lymphatic filariasis and its relationship to altered lymphoproliferative responses
B Sasisekhar, M Aparna, DJ Augustin, P Kaliraj, SK Kar, TB Nutman, RB Narayanan |
Infection and immunity | 2005 |
Genetic variation in immune function and susceptibility to human filariasis
EH Choi, TB Nutman, SJ Chanock |
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics | 2003 |
Lung Biology in Health and Disease
N Zamel |
Lung Biology in Health and Disease: Experimental Models and Therapeutic Potential | 2003 |
Infection outcome and cytokine gene expression in Brugia pahangi- infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) sensitized with Brucella abortus
SR Chirgwin, PH Elzer, SU Coleman, JM Nowling, SD Hagius, MD Edmonds, TR Klei |
Infection and immunity | 2002 |
Interferon-gamma and nitric oxide production are not required for the immune-mediated clearance of Brugia malayi microfilariae in mice
CA Gray, RA Lawrence |
Parasite Immunology | 2002 |
Lymphatic filariasis-specific immune responses in relation to lymphoedema grade and infection status. I. Cellular responses
NO Nielsen, P Bloch, PE Simonsen |
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2002 |
The Brugia malayi genome project: expressed sequence tags and gene discovery
M Blaxter, J Daub, D Guiliano, J Parkinson, C Whitton, TF Project |
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2002 |
Transmission intensity determines lymphocyte responsiveness and cytokine bias in human lymphatic filariasis
CL King, M Connelly, MP Alpers, M Bockarie, JW Kazura |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 2001 |
Regulation of the immune response in lymphatic filariasis: perspectives on acute and chronic infection with Wuchereria bancrofti in South India
TB Nutman, V Kumaraswami |
Parasite Immunology | 2001 |
Immunity to filarial nematodes
RA Lawrence |
Veterinary Parasitology | 2001 |
Common features of T cell reactivity in persistent helminth infections: lymphatic filariasis and schistosomiasis
M Yazdanbakhsh |
Immunology Letters | 1999 |
Proinflammatory Cytokines Secreted by Monocytes of Filarial Patients
U Raman, D Eswaran, RB Narayanan, K Jayaraman, P Kaliraj |
Microbiology and Immunology | 1999 |
Down regulation of macrophage activation in Brugia pahangi-infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus)
C Nasarre, JL Krahenbuhl, TR Klei |
Infection and immunity | 1998 |
Diminished Production of T Helper 1 Cytokines and Lack of Induction of IL-2R+T Cells Correlate with T-Cell Unresponsiveness in Rhesus Monkeys Chronically Infected withBrugia malayi
GH Giambartolomei, BL Lasater, F Villinger, VA Dennis |
Experimental Parasitology | 1998 |
In utero exposure to helminth and mycobacterial antigens generates cytokine responses similar to that observed in adults
I Malhotra, J Ouma, A Wamachi, J Kioko, P Mungai, A Omollo, L Elson, D Koech, JW Kazura, CL King |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1997 |
Regulation of parasite antigen-driven immune responses by interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 in lymphatic filariasis
S Mahanty, M Ravichandran, U Raman, K Jayaraman, V Kumaraswami, TB Nutman |
Infection and immunity | 1997 |
Brugia pahangi:Differential Induction and Regulation of Jird Inflammatory Responses by Life-Cycle Stages
C Nasarre, SU Coleman, UR Rao, TR Klei |
Experimental Parasitology | 1997 |
Regulatory cytokines in the lymphatic pathology of athymic mice infected with Brugia malayi
UR Rao, AC Vickery, BH Kwa, JK Nayar |
International Journal for Parasitology | 1996 |
Xenotransplantation: Lessons from nature
T Sablinski |
Xenotransplantation | 1996 |
Malaria and onchocerciasis: On HLA and related matters
CG Meyer, PG Kremsner |
Parasitology Today | 1996 |
Immunoregulation in human lymphatic filariasis: the role of interleukin 10
S Mahanty, TB Nutman |
Parasite Immunology | 1995 |
T-cell activation and the balance of antibody isotypes in human lymphatic filariasis
RM Maizels, E Sartono, A Kurniawan, F Partono, ME Selkirk, M Yazdanbakhsh |
Parasitology Today | 1995 |
Acquisition and expression of humoral reactivity to antigens of infective stages of filarial larvae
JW Bailey, AW Hightower, ML Eberhard, PJ Lammie |
Parasite Immunology | 1995 |
Impact of microfilaremia on maintenance of a hyporesponsive cellular immune response in Brugia-infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
SC Bosshardt, SU Coleman, CS McVay, KL Jones, TR Klei |
Infection and immunity | 1995 |
Differential antibody isotype reactivity to specific antigens in human lymphatic filariasis: gp15/400 preferentially induces immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG4, and IgG2
M Yazdanbakhsh, WA Paxton, A Brandenburg, RV Ree, M Lens, F Partono, RM Maizels, ME Selkirk |
Infection and immunity | 1995 |
Human autoantibody to defensin: disease association with hyperreactive onchocerciasis (sowda)
MY Gallin, AB Jacobi, DW Büttner, O Schönberger, T Marti, KD Erttmann |
Journal of Experimental Medicine | 1995 |
Vaccine Design
MF Powell, MJ Newman |
Vaccine Design | 1995 |
Immune activation, a co-factor for HIV transmission in Thailand?
DO Freedman, A Lujan-Trangay, C Steel, C Gonzalez-Peralta, TB Nutman |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1994 |
Long-term effect of prenatal exposure to maternal microfilaraemia on immune responsiveness to filarial parasite antigens
C Steel, JS McCarthy, E Ottesen, A Guinea |
The Lancet | 1994 |
Enhanced antibody response to a detergent-soluble antigen in human filariasis after treatment with diethylcarbamazine
AK Praharaj, MK Das |
Journal of Biosciences | 1994 |
Immune activation, a co-factor for HIV transmission in Thailand?
DO Freedman, A Lujan-Trangay, C Steel, C Gonzalez-Peralta, TB Nutman |
Nature | 1994 |
Immune activation, a co-factor for HIV transmission in Thailand?
DO Freedman, A Lujan-Trangay, C Steel, C Gonzalez-Peralta, TB Nutman |
Nature | 1994 |
Helminthology
N Chowdhury, I Tada |
1994 | |
Cytokine control of parasite-specific anergy in human lymphatic filariasis. Preferential induction of a regulatory T helper type 2 lymphocyte subset
CL King, S Mahanty, V Kumaraswami, JS Abrams, J Regunathan, K Jayaraman, EA Ottesen, TB Nutman |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1993 |
Elevated levels of T cell activation antigen CD27 and increased interleukin-4 production in human lymphatic filariasis
M Yazdanbakhsh, E Sartono, YC Kruize, A Kumiawan, T der Pouw-Kraan, PH van der Meide, ME Selkirk, F Partono, RQ Hintzen, RA van Lier, RM Maizels |
European Journal of Immunology | 1993 |
Dynamic interaction between Leishmania infection in mice and Th1-type CD4+T-cells: complexity in outcome without a requirement for Th2-type responses
AN Schweitzer, J Swinton, RM Anderson |
Parasite Immunology | 1993 |
Immunologic tolerance in lymphatic filariasis. Diminished parasite-specific T and B lymphocyte precursor frequency in the microfilaremic state
CL King, V Kumaraswami, RW Poindexter, S Kumari, K Jayaraman, DW Alling, EA Ottesen, TB Nutman |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1992 |
Understanding chronic nematode infections: Evolutionary considerations, current hypotheses and the way forward
JM Behnke, CJ Barnard, D Wakelin |
International Journal for Parasitology | 1992 |
The Wellcome Trust Lecture: Infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis: an immunological perspective
EA OtteSen |
Parasitology | 1992 |
Infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis: an epidemiological approach
BT Grenfell, E Michael |
Parasitology | 1992 |
Ivermectin-facilitated immunity in onchocerciasis. Reversal of lymphocytopenia, cellular anergy and deficient cytokine production after single treatment
PT Soboslay, CM Dreweck, WH Hoffmann, CG Lüder, C Heuschkel, H Görgen, M Banla, H Schulz-Key |
Clinical & Experimental Immunology | 1992 |
Stimuli for acquired resistance to Heligmosomoides polygyrus from intestinal tissue resident L3 and L4 larvae
FN Wahid, JM Behnke |
International Journal for Parasitology | 1992 |
Induction of protective immunity to Brugia pahangi in jirds by drug-abbreviated infection
Y Horii, H Nakanishi, A Mori, M Ueda, K Kurokawa, M Zaitsu, T Oda, K Fujita |
Journal of Helminthology | 1992 |
Immunity and the prospects for vaccination against filariasis
ME Selkirk, RM Maizels, M Yazdanbakhsh |
Immunobiology | 1992 |
Onchocerca volvulus: Immunization of chimpanzees with X-irradiated third-stage (L3) larvae
AM Prince, B Brotman, EH Johnson, A Smith, D Pascual, S Lustigman |
Experimental Parasitology | 1992 |
Characterization of a muscle-associated antigen from Wuchereria bancrofti
N Raghavan, CV Maina, PC Fitzgerald, RS Tuan, BE Slatko, EA Ottesen, TB Nutman |
Experimental Parasitology | 1992 |
Theoretical and Experimental Insights into Immunology
AS Perelson, G Weisbuch |
1992 | |
Ivermectin-facilitated immunity in onchocerciasis. Reversal of lymphocytopenia, cellular anergy and deficient cytokine production after single treatment.
Soboslay PT, Dreweck CM, Hoffmann WH, Lüder CG, Heuschkel C, Görgen H, Banla M, Schulz-Key H |
Clinical & Experimental Immunology | 1992 |
Immune responses to filarial parasites
RM Maizels, A Kurniawan, ME Selkirk, M Yazdanbakhsh |
Immunology Letters | 1991 |
Regulation of the immune response in lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis
CL King, TB Nutman |
Parasitology Today | 1991 |
Immunological tolerance: The key feature in human filariasis?
RM Maizels, RA Lawrence |
Parasitology Today | 1991 |
Differential recognition of microfilarial antigens by sera from immigrants into an area endemic for brugian filariasis
L Kurniawan, E Basundari, J Fuhrman, H Turner, H Purtoma, W Piessens |
Parasite Immunology | 1990 |
γ-Glutamyl-transpeptidase in lymphatic tissues ofMastomys natalensis during an infection withAcanthocheilonema viteae
SN Singh, AK Srivastava, SC Gupta, RK Chatterjee, KC Saxena |
Experientia | 1990 |
Elevated levels of soluble CD8 molecule in patients with lymphatic filariasis
RB Lal, RM Ramzy, AA Gad |
Immunology Letters | 1990 |
Lymphocyte subpopulations in Bancroftian filariasis: activated (DR+) CD8+ T cells in patients with chronic lymphatic obstruction
RB Lal, V Kumaraswami, N Krishnan, TB Nutman, EA Ottesen |
Clinical & Experimental Immunology | 1989 |
Human T-cell stimulation, molecular characterization and in situ mRNA localization of a Brugia malayi recombinant antigen
P Arasu, TB Nutman, C Steel, MM Mulligan, D Abraham, RS Tuan, FB Perler |
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology | 1989 |
Immunity to helminths
D Wakelin |
Current Opinion in Immunology | 1989 |
The lymphatic pathology of chronic Brugia pahangi infection in the dog
KF Snowden, B Hammerberg |
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 1989 |
Protective immunity in lymphatic filariasis
TB Nutman |
Experimental Parasitology | 1989 |