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Abstract
The role of dextran in the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis was investigated by studying the adherence of dextran producing oral streptococci to the constituents of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) in vitro and in vivo. The adherence of Streptococcus sanguis to fibrin and platelets was determined in an in vitro assay system simulating nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Adherence was increased when the organisms were grown in sucrose-supplemented media (adherence ratio X 10(4), 177 +/- 6 in 5% sucrose vs. 140 +/- 7 in 0.5% sucrose, P less than 0.001), and decreased by incubating the organisms in dextranase (adherence ratio X 10(4), 117 +/- 16, P less than 0.001), an effect which was nullified by heat inactivating this enzyme (adherence ratio X 10(4), 192 +/- 7, P less than 0.001). The amount of dextran produced in broth by three different oral streptococci correlated directly with the adherence observed to fibrin and a fibrin-platelet matrix in vitro (P less than 0.001). These organisms adhered more readily to a fibrin-platelet matrix than to fibrin alone (adherence ratio X 10(4), 455 +/- 30 vs. 177 +/- 6, respectively, P less than 0.001). The role of dextran formation was also examined in vivo in rabbits with preexisting NBTE. After injection of 10(7) S. sanguis, 12 of 17 animals developed endocarditis. In contrast, when the organisms were pretreated with dextranase (an enzyme that removes dextran from the bacterial cell surface), the same inoculum resulted in endocarditis in only 5 of 19 animals (P less than 0.05). In addition, a fresh strain of S. sanguis that produced high levels of dextran (1,220 +/- 50 microgram/ml) and adhered avidly to fibrin (adherence ratio X 10(4), 220 +/- 11) produced endocarditis in 12 of 18 rabbits after injection of 10(7) organisms. Another isolate of the same strain that had been passed repeatedly in the laboratory produced less dextran (400 +/- 30 microgram/ml), adhered poorly to fibrin (adherence ratio X 10(4), 140 +/- 7), and produced endocarditis in only 3 of 14 rabbits under identical conditions (P less than 0.05). This study demonstrates that dextran production is important in the adherence of oral streptococci to the constituents of NBTE and may play a role in the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis by oral streptococci.
Authors
W M Scheld, J A Valone, M A Sande
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Nutritionally variant streptococci develop ultrastructural abnormalities during experimental endocarditis
C Frehel, R Hellio, AC Cremieux, A Contrepois, A Bouvet |
Microbial Pathogenesis | 1988 |
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Analysis of cross-protection between serotypes and passively transferred immune globulin in experimental nutritionally variant streptococcal endocarditis
I van de Rijn |
Infection and immunity | 1988 |
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Ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus by bovine endothelial cells results in time- and inoculum-dependent damage to endothelial cell monolayers
JM Vann, RA Proctor |
Infection and immunity | 1987 |
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Influence of Staphylococcus aureus antibody on experimental endocarditis in rabbits
DP Greenberg, JI Ward, AS Bayer |
Infection and immunity | 1987 |
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Infective endocarditis: Changing trends and general approach for examination
JB Atkinson, R Virmani |
Human Pathology | 1987 |
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Comparative adhesion of seven species of streptococci isolated from the blood of patients with sub-acute bacterial endocarditis to fibrin-platelet clots in vitro
I Crawford, C Russell |
Journal of Applied Microbiology | 1986 |
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Experimental staphylococcal endocarditis and aortitis: Morphology of the initial colonization
DJ Ferguson, AA McColm, DM Ryan, P Acred |
Virchows Archiv A Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology | 1986 |
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Bacterial adherence to human endothelial cells in vitro
SK Ogawa, ER Yurberg, VB Hatcher, MA Levitt, FD Lowy |
Infection and immunity | 1985 |
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Comparison of ciprofloxacin with azlocillin plus tobramycin in the therapy of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis
RW Strunk, JC Gratz, R Maserati, WM Scheld |
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy | 1985 |
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Pathogenesis of endocarditis
PM Sullam, TA Drake, MA Sande |
The American Journal of Medicine | 1985 |
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THE ADHESION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS TO CULTURED CELLS
T Kawashima |
The Journal of Dermatology | 1985 |
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Immunology of Rheumatic Diseases
S Gupta, N Talal |
1985 | |
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Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: exposure to penicillin and the adhesion properties of viridans streptococci onto a fibrin matrix
J Dankert, J Hess, W Joldersma, J Woltjes |
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | 1985 |
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Bacterial Adhesion
DC Savage, M Fletcher |
Bacterial Adhesion | 1985 |
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Role of culture conditions and immunization in experimental nutritionally variant streptococcal endocarditis
I van de Rijn |
Infection and immunity | 1985 |
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Plaque and systemic disease: a reappraisal of the focal infection concept
SK van Velzen, L Abraham-Inpijn, WR Moorer |
Journal of Clinical Periodontology | 1984 |
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Exopolysaccharide production by viridans streptococci in experimental endocarditis
J Mills, L Pulliam, L Dall, J Marzouk, W Wilson, JW Costerton |
Infection and immunity | 1984 |
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Role of granulocytes in the induction of an experimental endocarditis with a dextran-producing Streptococcus sanguis and its dextran-negative mutant
MJ Meddens, J Thompson, PC Leijh, R Furth |
British Journal of Experimental Pathology | 1984 |
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Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy
DM Meisler, RH Langston, TJ Naab, AA Aaby, JT McMahon, RR Tubbs |
American Journal of Ophthalmology | 1984 |
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Effect of penicillin on the adherence of Streptococcus sanguis in vitro and in the rabbit model of endocarditis
FD Lowy, DS Chang, EG Neuhaus, DS Horne, A Tomasz, NH Steigbigel |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1983 |
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Aggregation of human platelets and adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis
MC Herzberg, KL Brintzenhofe, CC Clawson |
Infection and immunity | 1983 |
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Cell-free released components of Streptococcus sanguis inhibit human platelet aggregation
MC Herzberg, KL Brintzenhofe, CC Clawson |
Infection and immunity | 1983 |
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Influence of preformed antibody on the pathogenesis of experimental Candida albicans endocarditis
WM Scheld, RA Calderone, JP Brodeur, MA Sande |
Infection and immunity | 1983 |
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ADP-like platelet aggregation activity generated by viridans streptococci incubated with exogenous ATP
MC Herzberg, KL Brintzenhofe |
Infection and immunity | 1983 |
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An assay for measuring specific adhesion of anEscherichia coli strain to tissue culture cells
K Vosbeck, U Huber |
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology | 1982 |
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Fundus lesions after carotid injection of Streptococcus mutans in monkeys
SM Meyers, M Rodrigues, ML Vasil |
Infection and immunity | 1982 |
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Septicaemia: A Symposium Held in Stockholm, Sweden September 5–6, 1980
S Holm, A Lindberg, CE Nord, R Norrby |
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases | 1982 |
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The role of bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis
J Thompson, MJ Meddens, L Thörig, R van Furth |
Infection | 1982 |
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Fibronectin binding to Staphylococcus aureus
RA Proctor, DF Mosher, PJ Olbrantz |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 1982 |
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Vancomycin prophylaxis of experimental Streptococcus sanguis. Inhibition of bacterial adherence rather than bacterial killing
JP Bernard, P Francioli, MP Glauser |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1981 |
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Bacterial adhesion in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. Effect of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations on streptococcal adhesion in vitro and the development of endocarditis in rabbits
WM Scheld, O Zak, K Vosbeck, MA Sande |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1981 |
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New Developments in Bacteriology for Dermatologists
GW Cole |
International Journal of Dermatology | 1981 |
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Effect of immunization on the genesis of pneumococcal endocarditis in rabbits
SW nd, DS Selinger, WP Reed |
Infection and immunity | 1981 |
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Effect of immunization on the induction and course of experimental streptococcus sanguis and staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis
L Thörig, J Thompson, R Furth |
Infection | 1980 |
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Detection of circulating antigen in experimental Candida albicans endocarditis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
WM Scheld, RS Brown, SA Harding, MA Sande |
Journal of clinical microbiology | 1980 |
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Septic choroiditis with serous retinal detachment in Streptococcus mutans-injected dogs
SM Meyers, ML Vasil |
Infection and immunity | 1980 |
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Effects of molecular weight of dextran on the adherence of Streptococcus sanguis to damaged heart valves
CH Ramirez-Ronda |
Infection and immunity | 1980 |
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Adherence of Candida albicans to a fibrin-platelet matrix formed in vitro
PA Maisch, RA Calderone |
Infection and immunity | 1980 |
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Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans
S Hamada, HD Slade |
Microbiological reviews | 1980 |
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Effects of immunization and anticoagulation on the development of experimental Escherichia coli endocarditis
L Thörig, J Thompson, R Furth |
Infection and immunity | 1980 |
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Infective endocarditis: therapeutic considerations
WR Wilson, DR Nichols, RL Thompson, ER Giuliani, JE Geraci |
American Heart Journal | 1980 |
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Effects of monocytopenia and anticoagulation in experimental Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis
L Thörig, J Thompson, F Eulderink, JJ Emeis, RV Furth |
British Journal of Experimental Pathology | 1980 |
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Symposium on Host-Parasite Interactions: Umeå, Sweden, June 6–8, 1979
SE Holm, B Björkstén, L Gothefors, M Sande |
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases | 1980 |
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Bacterial Adherence
EH Beachey |
1980 | |
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Enhancement of generation of monocyte tissue thromboplastin by bacterial phagocytosis: possible pathway for fibrin formation on infected vegetations in bacterial endocarditis
CJ van Ginkel, L Thörig, J Thompson, JI Oh, WG van Aken |
Infection and immunity | 1979 |
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Influence of preformed antibody on experimental Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis
WM Scheld, JH Thomas, MA Sande |
Infection and immunity | 1979 |
|
Experimental infective endocarditis
LR Freedman, J Valone |
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases | 1979 |
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Imaging experimental infective endocarditis with indium-111-labeled blood cellular components
AL Riba, ML Thakur, A Gottschalk, VT Andriole, BL Zaret |
Circulation | 1979 |
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Adherence of Glucan-Positive and Glucan-Negative Streptococcal Strains to Normal and Damaged Heart Valves
CH Ramirez-Ronda |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1978 |
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EXPERIMENTAL ENDOCARDITIS IN RABBITS
E Gutschik, N Christensen |
Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology | 1978 |
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Physiology
HE Hoff, HJ Scott |
New England Journal of Medicine | 1948 |
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