A radioligand assay has been developed for the measurement of unconjugated 17β-estradiol in as little as 0.01 ml of pregnancy plasma employing rabbit uterine cytosol as specific binder and activated charcoal as nonspecific absorbant. Large numbers of samples could be processed simultaneously at relatively little expense and results were obtainable within 3 hr. The procedure was sensitive to 1 ng/ml. No diurnal or positional variations were found. Values from 250 unselected normal patients showed a constantly rising mean plasma E2 from 18 to 35 wk gestation from 4.5 to 14 ng/ml. From 35 to 40 wk, mean E2 rose only to 15 ng/ml and the range of values increased substantially. When 22 normal pregnant subjects were followed serially, rising levels of plasma E2 were found with no significant fall ever seen. By contrast, patients exhibiting fetal distress generally had falling or reduced E2 levels. However, 3 cases of Rh isoimmunization had elevated or normal E2 concentrations even after clearcut evidence of fetal demise. A decrease of 45% in E2 concentration was associated with intraamniotic instillation of hypertonic saline prior to delivery supporting the view that placental conversion of maternal adrenal precursors is responsible for about half of the E2 production in pregnancy. The postpartum clearance of endogenous E2 was measured and found to fit a two compartment model with mean half-time of 22 min and 7 hr. Follicular phase levels of E2 were attained by 35 hr postpartum. The concentration of unconjugated E2 in pregnancy plasma correlated as well with the state of the placenta as other placental hormone measurements and holds promise of being a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable method of following patients with high-risk pregnancies in a variety of clinical settings.
Dan Tulchinsky, Stanley G. Korenman
Title and authors | Publication | Year |
---|---|---|
Dynamic change of estrogen and progesterone metabolites in human urine during pregnancy
Jin C, Peng Y, Luo X, Zhu Q, Lin L, Yang J, Wang P |
Scientific Reports | 2025 |
Human Placenta Buffers the Fetus from Adverse Effects of Perceived Maternal Stress
L Vuppaladhadiam, J Lager, O Fiehn, S Weiss, M Chesney, B Hasdemir, A Bhargava |
Cells | 2021 |
Early Second Trimester Maternal Serum Steroid-Related Biomarkers Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder
DA Bilder, MS Esplin, H Coon, P Burghardt, EA Clark, A Fraser, KR Smith, W Worsham, K Chappelle, T Rayner, AV Bakian |
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | 2019 |
Combined intervention of 17β-estradiol and treadmill training ameliorates energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of female ovariectomized mice
X Li, L Fan, M Zhu, H Jiang, W Bai, J Kang |
Climacteric | 2019 |
Letrozole induced changes in bone mineral properties and mechanical functions of laying hens
Q Li, J Xia, S Wang, Z Zhou, Z Li |
Poultry science | 2019 |
Sex-Specific Analysis of Cardiovascular Function
PL Kerkhof, VM Miller |
2018 | |
Beta-Estradiol Regulates Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Estrogen Receptors in Telocytes from Human Myometrium
A Banciu, D Banciu, C Mustaciosu, M Radu, D Cretoiu, J Xiao, S Cretoiu, N Suciu, B Radu |
International journal of molecular sciences | 2018 |
Dimorphic expression of sex-related genes in different gonadal development stages of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, a primitive fish species
W Wang, H Zhu, Y Dong, ZH Tian, T Dong, HX Hu, CJ Niu |
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry | 2017 |
Gestation-specific reference intervals for comprehensive spot urinary steroid hormone metabolite analysis in normal singleton pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum
HD Mistry, N Eisele, G Escher, B Dick, D Surbek, C Delles, G Currie, D Schlembach, MG Mohaupt, C Gennari-Moser |
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | 2015 |
Anatomical, Physiological and Metabolic Changes with Gestational Age during Normal Pregnancy: A Database for Parameters Required in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling
K Abduljalil, P Furness, TN Johnson, A Rostami-Hodjegan, H Soltani |
Clinical Pharmacokinetics | 2012 |
Methods in Enzymology
JD Stone, AS Chervin, DH Aggen, DM Kranz |
Protein Engineering for Therapeutics Part B | 2012 |
Anatomical, Physiological and Metabolic Changes with Gestational Age during Normal Pregnancy : A Database for Parameters Required in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling
K Abduljalil, P Furness, TN Johnson, A Rostami-Hodjegan, H Soltani |
Clinical Pharmacokinetics | 2012 |
Exclusive breastfeeding protects against postpartum migraine recurrence attacks?
WA Serva, VM Serva, M de Fátima Costa Caminha, JN Figueiroa, GB Serva, MM Valença |
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria | 2012 |
Course of migraine during pregnancy among migraine sufferers before pregnancy
WA Serva, VM Serva, MF Caminha, JN Figueiroa, EC Albuquerque, GB Serva, MP Belo, MB Filho, MM Valença |
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria | 2011 |
Maternal-placental insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling and its importance to normal embryo-fetal development
CJ Bowman, RD Streck, RE Chapin |
Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology | 2010 |
Vitamins & Hormones
KJ Hare, FK Knop |
Vitamins & Hormones | 2010 |
Autonomic circulatory control during pregnancy in humans
Q Fu, BD Levine |
Seminars in reproductive medicine | 2009 |
17β-Estradiol attenuates hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in mouse C8-D1A cell line
S Huppmann, S Römer, R Altmann, M Obladen, M Berns |
Journal of Neuroscience Research | 2008 |
Hormonal Changes Throughout Life in Women
HA Zacur |
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain | 2006 |
Steroid hormone levels in pregnancy and 1 year postpartum using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry
OP Soldin, T Guo, E Weiderpass, RE Tractenberg, L Hilakivi-Clarke, SJ Soldin |
Fertility and Sterility | 2005 |
Nutrition
&NA; |
Current Opinion in Lipidology | 1999 |
Diurnal variation of plasma and saliva oestrogen, progesterone, cortisol and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in late pregnancy
FJ Darne, HH McGarrigle, GC Lachelin |
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology | 1989 |
Production of interleukin-1 by mononuclear cells of newborns and their mothers
H Bessler, L Sirota, F Dulitzky, M Djaldetti |
Clinical & Experimental Immunology | 1987 |
Placental malaria and foetoplacental function: low plasma oestradiols associated with malarial pigmentation of the placenta
M Watkinson, DI Rushton, PG Lunn |
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 1985 |
Fetal Physiology and Medicine
RP Rivers |
Fetal Physiology and Medicine | 1984 |
Spontaneous Abortion
ES Hafez |
1984 | |
Endocrine Assessments of Fetal-Placental Well-Being
D Tulchinsky |
Clinics in Perinatology | 1983 |
MATERNAL HORMONE PROFILE IN OXYTOCIN INDUCED LABOUR
PC Buchan |
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 1979 |
Diagnostic relevance of oestrogen estimations in human pregnancy
RE Oakey |
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry | 1979 |
Hormonal Steroids
W Nowaczynski, P Landais, T Murakami, M Nowaczynski, D Mavoungou, B Vitullo |
Hormonal Steroids | 1979 |
Maternal and amniotic fluid steroids throughout human pregnancy
M Nagamani, PG McDonough, JO Ellegood, VB Mahesh |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1979 |
Circadian rhythms in maternal plasma cortisol, estrone, estradiol, and estriol at 34 to 35 weeks' gestation
J Patrick, J Challis, R Natale, B Richardson |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1979 |
OESTRADIOL SECRETION IN MEN AND PRE-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
EA Lenton, ID Cooke, GA Sampson, L Sexton |
Clinical Endocrinology | 1978 |
A COMPARISON OF PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE, OESTRADIOL, UNCONJUGATED OESTRIOL AND TOTAL OESTRIOL WITH URINARY TOTAL OESTROGEN LEVELS IN CLINICAL OBSTETRIC PRACTICE
EI Allen, GC Lachelin |
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 1978 |
Intrauterine development, feto-placental function and pregnancy outcome after induction of ovulation with bromoergocryptine
MR Clemens, R Gser, E Keller, W Zubke, H Traut, AE Schindler |
Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f�r Gyn�kologie | 1978 |
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PLASMA 17beta-OESTRADIOL, PROGESTERONE, PLACENTAL LACTOGEN AND CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN ABORTION INDUCED WITH INTRA-AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN F2chi
RH Ward, GA Whyley, DV Fairweather, EI Allen, T Chard |
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 1977 |
Prognostic Value of Plasma Oestradiol-17β and Human Placental Lactogen in High-risk Pregnancies
P Chew, JA Salmon, SS Ratnam |
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 1977 |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by progesterone in the pregnant rat. Prevention by estogens
FW Stamler |
The American Journal of Pathology | 1977 |
The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and estradiol-17β on the maintenance of the human corpus luteum of early pregnancy
PR Garner, DT Armstrong |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1977 |
Reproductive endocrinology of female chimpanzees: A suitable model of humans
W Hobson, F Coulston, C Faiman, JS Winter, F Reyes |
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health | 1976 |
A physiologic model of the dehydroepiandrosterone to estrogen conversion system in the fetoplacental unit
DA Nagey, MJ Pupkin, J MacKenna, DW Schomberg, C Crenshaw |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1976 |
Plasma Estradiol-17 β as an Index of Fetoplacental Function
PC Chew, SS Ratnam |
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics | 1976 |
An assessment of the total estron stradiol-17β and estriol in high risk pregnancy plasma
RS Mathur, AB Leaming, HO Williamson |
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry | 1975 |
The Effect of Intra-Amniotic Injection of Hypertonic Urea on Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) Secretion
S Segal, M Ben-David, SO Anteby, WZ Polishuk |
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics | 1975 |
Biochemical Tests for the Assessment of Feto-Placental Function
CE Wilde, RE Oakey |
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry | 1975 |
Comparison of Plasma and Urinary Oestrogens in Pregnancy
R Hähnel, C Reichman, JD Martin |
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 1974 |
Studies on Scrum OestradioI-17-β in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies — Preliminary Results
MY Dawood, T Chan, SS Ratnam |
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 1974 |
Comparison of quick methods for the estimation of estradiol in plasma by radioimmunoassay
L Verdonck, A Vermeulen |
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry | 1974 |
A radioimmunoassay for plasma unconjugated estrogens in normal pregnancy
M Cohen, H Cohen |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1974 |
Endocrine functions of the human fetus and placenta
E Diczfalusy |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1974 |
Endocrinology of the maternal-fetoplacental unit
L Boots, JB Younger, JW Mullis, LR Beck |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1974 |
The Value of Plasma Estrogen Estimations in the Maragement of Preganancy
JB Brown |
Clinics in Perinatology | 1974 |
MONITORING THE FETUS DURING PREGNANCY
EM Symonds |
The Medical Journal of Australia | 1974 |
Radioimmunoassay of estrone and estradiol-17β in peripheral plasma of pregnant and non-pregnant women
R Hertogh |
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry | 1973 |
Oestrogen and oestrogen conjugate concentrations in late pregnancy plasma
J Ahmed, AE Kellie |
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry | 1973 |
A rapid competitive protein-binding assay of unconjugated oestradiol in late pregnancy plasma
J Ahmed, J Mester |
Clinica Chimica Acta | 1973 |
Measurement of steroid hormones using intracellular receptor proteins
SG Korenman |
Metabolism | 1973 |
Maternal serum 17 β-estradiol levels in normal and complicated pregnancies: A comparison with other estrogen indices of fetal health
JD Townsley, LJ Gartman, CD Crystle |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1973 |
Fetal-Placental Disorders
LD Longo |
Fetal-Placental Disorders | 1972 |
Plasma estradiol, estriol, and progesterone in human pregnancy
D Tulchinsky, CJ Hobel, E Yeager, JR Marshall |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1972 |
Plasma estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in human pregnancy
D Tulchinsky, CJ Hobel, E Yeager, JR Marshall |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1972 |
Serum human chorionic gonadotropin, human chorionic somatomammotropin, and progesterone following intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic urea
HR Raud, MJ Balsdon, JA Collins |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1972 |
A radioligand assay for plasma unconjugated estriol in normal and abnormal pregnancies
D Tulchinsky, CJ Hobel, SG Korenman |
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1971 |