Usage Information
Abstract
The secondary immune response to tetanus toxoid in 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been studied in suspension cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and synovial membrane obtained at synovectomy. Sequential cultures of PBL from three normal subjects established the optimal time of antibody response at 5 days. At this time, the antitetanus antibody produced was predominantly IgG, comprising half of this immunoglobulin fraction. Rheumatoid synovium synthesized 5-9 times more IgG than PBL, expressed as per cent of total protein synthesis, but only negligible amounts of tetanus antibody. The same results were observed in synovial cultures following repeated immunization and after the additional intra-articular injection of tetanus antigen. This marked limitation of the synovium to respond to exogenous antigen in spite of its large immunoglobulin production was considered consistent with a prior commitment of the synovial lymphoid infiltrate to other antigen.
Authors
Jerome H. Herman, John Bradley, Morris Ziff, J. Donald Smiley
Usage data is cumulative from September 2025 through September 2026.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 285 | 12 |
| 142 | 10 | |
| Scanned page | 697 | 6 |
| Citation downloads | 212 | 0 |
| Totals | 1,336 | 28 |
| Total Views | 1,364 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)