The top panel shows the number of publications per year from 1950 to 2010. The NIH budget doubling (1996–2005) increased the annual NIH budget from $13 billion per year to $26 billion per year, effectively doubling scientific output. The bottom panel shows the number of publications per year from 2000 to 2010. Since 2009, there has been a failure to increase the number of publications, reflecting the flat budgets since 2006 ( http://dan.corlan.net/medline-trend.html).