Oligodendrocyte precursors induce early blood-brain barrier opening after white matter injury
Ji Hae Seo, … , Eng H. Lo, Ken Arai
Ji Hae Seo, … , Eng H. Lo, Ken Arai
Published January 2, 2013
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2013;123(2):782-786. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI65863.
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Oligodendrocyte precursors induce early blood-brain barrier opening after white matter injury

Abstract

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are thought to maintain homeostasis and contribute to long-term repair in adult white matter; however, their roles in the acute phase after brain injury remain unclear. Mice that were subjected to prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion stress developed white matter demyelination over time. Prior to demyelination, we detected increased MMP9 expression, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and neutrophil infiltration in damaged white matter. Notably, at this early stage, OPCs made up the majority of MMP9-expressing cells. The standard MMP inhibitor GM6001 reduced the early BBB leakage and neutrophil infiltration, indicating that OPC-derived MMP9 induced early BBB disruption after white matter injury. Cell-culture experiments confirmed that OPCs secreted MMP9 under pathological conditions, and conditioned medium prepared from the stressed OPCs weakened endothelial barrier tightness in vitro. Our study reveals that OPCs can rapidly respond to white matter injury and produce MMP9 that disrupts the BBB, indicating that OPCs may mediate injury in white matter under disease conditions.

Authors

Ji Hae Seo, Nobukazu Miyamoto, Kazuhide Hayakawa, Loc-Duyen D. Pham, Takakuni Maki, Cenk Ayata, Kyu-Won Kim, Eng H. Lo, Ken Arai

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Figure 1

OPCs and MMP9 under white matter pathology.

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OPCs and MMP9 under white matter pathology. (A) Cerebral prolonged hypop...
(A) Cerebral prolonged hypoperfusion stress–induced demyelination in the mouse corpus callosum. n = 5. Quantitative data are shown in Supplemental Figure 1. (B) In our white matter injury model, MMP9 but not MMP2 was increased in the white matter. (C–E) At day 3, most MMP9 signals were observed in NG2/PDGF-R-α–positive OPCs. But at later time points, at days 7 and 14, CD31-positive cerebral endothelial cells (EC) were colocalized with MMP9 signals. n = 5. (F) Notably, OPCs (PDGF-R-α) existed around BBB leakage areas (IgG) at day 3.