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HEXIM1 controls satellite cell expansion after injury to regulate skeletal muscle regeneration
Peng Hong, … , Xian-Cheng Jiang, M.A.Q. Siddiqui
Peng Hong, … , Xian-Cheng Jiang, M.A.Q. Siddiqui
Published October 1, 2012
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2012;122(11):3873-3887. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI62818.
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Research Article Muscle biology Article has an altmetric score of 12

HEXIM1 controls satellite cell expansion after injury to regulate skeletal muscle regeneration

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Abstract

The native capacity of adult skeletal muscles to regenerate is vital to the recovery from physical injuries and dystrophic diseases. Currently, the development of therapeutic interventions has been hindered by the complex regulatory network underlying the process of muscle regeneration. Using a mouse model of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, we identified hexamethylene bisacetamide inducible 1 (HEXIM1, also referred to as CLP-1), the inhibitory component of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex, as a pivotal regulator of skeletal muscle regeneration. Hexim1-haplodeficient muscles exhibited greater mass and preserved function compared with those of WT muscles after injury, as a result of enhanced expansion of satellite cells. Transplanted Hexim1-haplodeficient satellite cells expanded and improved muscle regeneration more effectively than WT satellite cells. Conversely, HEXIM1 overexpression restrained satellite cell proliferation and impeded muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, dissociation of HEXIM1 from P-TEFb and subsequent activation of P-TEFb are required for satellite cell proliferation and the prevention of early myogenic differentiation. These findings suggest a crucial role for the HEXIM1/P-TEFb pathway in the regulation of satellite cell–mediated muscle regeneration and identify HEXIM1 as a potential therapeutic target for degenerative muscular diseases.

Authors

Peng Hong, Kang Chen, Bihui Huang, Min Liu, Miao Cui, Inna Rozenberg, Brahim Chaqour, Xiaoyue Pan, Elisabeth R. Barton, Xian-Cheng Jiang, M.A.Q. Siddiqui

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Figure 6

HMBA-induced HEXIM1 expression restrains satellite cell proliferation and promotes differentiation.

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HMBA-induced HEXIM1 expression restrains satellite cell proliferation an...
(A) Immunoblots of satellite cells cultured in GM for the indicated period of time with or without 10 mM HMBA. (B) BrdU incorporation of satellite cells cultured in GM with HMBA for the indicated time periods. 200 nuclei per slide were counted (n = 6 slides). (C) Satellite cells cultured in GM for 3 days stained for myogenin (green) and Pax7 (red) and (D) percentages of differentiating cells (myogenin+) (n = 6). (C and D) Green arrowheads indicate differentiating cells. Scale bar: 40 μm. (E) Immunoblots of satellite cells cultured in DM. (F) Apoptosis of satellite cells cultured in DM for 1 day. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Plots were representative of 3 independent experiments.

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