Usage Information
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2007;117(10):2920-2928. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI31692.
Abstract
The role of retinal microglial cells (MCs) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unclear. Here we demonstrated that all retinal MCs express CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and that homozygosity for the CX3CR1 M280 allele, which is associated with impaired cell migration, increases the risk of AMD. In humans with AMD, MCs accumulated in the subretinal space at sites of retinal degeneration and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In CX3CR1-deficient mice, MCs accumulated subretinally with age and albino background and after laser impact preceding retinal degeneration. Raising the albino mice in the dark prevented both events. The appearance of lipid-bloated subretinal MCs was drusen-like on funduscopy of senescent mice, and CX3CR1-dependent MC accumulation was associated with an exacerbation of experimental CNV. These results show that CX3CR1-dependent accumulation of subretinal MCs evokes cardinal features of AMD. These findings reveal what we believe to be a novel pathogenic process with important implications for the development of new therapies for AMD.
Authors
Christophe Combadière, Charles Feumi, William Raoul, Nicole Keller, Mathieu Rodéro, Adeline Pézard, Sophie Lavalette, Marianne Houssier, Laurent Jonet, Emilie Picard, Patrice Debré, Mirna Sirinyan, Philippe Deterre, Tania Ferroukhi, Salomon-Yves Cohen, Dominique Chauvaud, Jean-Claude Jeanny, Sylvain Chemtob, Francine Behar-Cohen, Florian Sennlaub
Usage data is cumulative from April 2024 through April 2025.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 1,099 | 219 |
| 85 | 105 | |
| Figure | 399 | 12 |
| Table | 52 | 0 |
| Supplemental data | 45 | 2 |
| Citation downloads | 51 | 0 |
| Totals | 1,731 | 338 |
| Total Views | 2,069 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)