Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has a crucial role in the control of energy
homeostasis through its role in the digestion, absorption, and assimilation of
ingested nutrients. Furthermore, signals from the gastrointestinal tract are
important regulators of gut motility and satiety, both of which have
implications for the long-term control of body weight. Among the specialized
cell types in the gastrointestinal mucosa, enteroendocrine cells have important
roles in regulating energy intake and glucose homeostasis through their actions
on peripheral target organs, including the endocrine pancreas. This article
reviews the biological actions of gut hormones regulating glucose homeostasis,
with an emphasis on mechanisms of action and the emerging therapeutic roles of
gut hormones for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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