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Citations to this article

Payment of clinical research subjects
Christine Grady
Christine Grady
Published July 1, 2005
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2005;115(7):1681-1687. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI25694.
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Science and Society Article has an altmetric score of 84

Payment of clinical research subjects

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Abstract

Offering payment to clinical research subjects, in an effort to enhance recruitment by providing an incentive to take part or enabling subjects to participate without financial sacrifice, is a common yet uneven and contentious practice in the US. Concern exists regarding the potential for payment to unduly influence participation and thus obscure risks, impair judgment, or encourage misrepresentation. Heightening these concerns is the participation not only of adults but also of children in pediatric research trials. Thorough assessment of risks, careful eligibility screening, and attention to a participant’s freedom to refuse all serve to reduce the possibility of compensation adversely affecting the individual and/or the study. Institutional review boards currently evaluate payment proposals with minimal guidance from federal regulations. Here, reasons for providing payment, payment models, ethical concerns, and areas for further research are examined.

Authors

Christine Grady

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Total citations by year

Year: 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2003 Total
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Ethical Criteria for Human Challenge Studies in Infectious Diseases: Table 1
B Bambery, M Selgelid, C Weijer, J Savulescu, AJ Pollard
Public Health Ethics 2015
Equitable Access to Human Biological Resources in Developing Countries
RS Chennells
2015
Unequal treatment of human research subjects
DB Resnik
Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 2014
Unreported Antiretroviral Use by HIV-1–Infected Participants Enrolling in a Prospective Research Study:
EM Kahle, A Kashuba, JM Baeten, KH Fife, C Celum, A Mujugira, M Essex, GD Bruyn, A Wald, D Donnell, G John-Stewart, S Delany-Moretlwe, NR Mugo, C Farquhar, JR Lingappa
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2014
Does incentivising pill-taking 'crowd out' risk-information processing? Evidence from a web-based experiment
E Mantzari, F Vogt, TM Marteau
Social science & medicine (1982) 2014
Adaptive and Maladaptive Personality Traits in High-Risk Gamblers
D Carlotta, RF Krueger, KE Markon, S Borroni, F Frera, A Somma, C Maffei, A Fossati
Journal of Personality Disorders 2014
Heterogeneity in IRB Policies with Regard to Disclosures about Payment for Participation in Recruitment Materials
MS Wright, CT Robertson
The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2014
What Are Fair Study Benefits in International Health Research? Consulting Community Members in Kenya
M Njue, F Kombe, S Mwalukore, S Molyneux, V Marsh, JZ Metcalfe
PloS one 2014
“I Want to Know More About Who We Are”: New Directions for Research With Older Lesbians
P Averett, A Robinson, C Jenkins, I Yoon
Journal of Gerontological Social Work 2014
Framing disability among young adults with disabilities and non-disabled young adults: an exploratory study
M Soffer, F Chew
Disability and Rehabilitation 2014
Motivational Factors for Participation in Biomedical Research: Evidence From a Qualitative Study of Biomedical Research Participation in Blantyre District, Malawi
J Mfutso-Bengo, L Manda-Taylor, F Masiye
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 2014
Lessons from the field: strategies to improve patient recruitment for low vision interventional research
AT Aw, V Drury, P Chiang, HJ Soon, CS Tey, PS Lim
International Journal of Ophthalmic Practice 2014
Conducting Health Disparities Research with Criminal Justice Populations: Examining Research, Ethics, and Participation.
Valera P, Cook S, Macklin R, Chang Y
Ethics & Behavior 2014
The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine: Griffin/The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine
J Barrett
The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine: Griffin/The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine 2013
Phase 1 clinical trials in end-stage cancer: patient understanding of trial premises and motives for participation
T Godskesen, P Nygren, K Nordin, M Hansson, U Kihlbom
Supportive Care in Cancer 2013
Ethical Considerations for Conducting Health Disparities Research in Community Health Centers: A Social-Ecological Perspective
C Boutin-Foster, E Scott, J Melendez, A Rodriguez, R Ramos, B Kanna, W Michelen
American journal of public health 2013
Ethical considerations in HIV cure research: points to consider
B Lo, C Grady
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2013
Safety Monitoring in Clinical Trials
B Yao, L Zhu, Q Jiang, H Xia
Pharmaceutics 2013
Pediatric clinical trials
SB Bavdekar
Perspectives in Clinical Research 2013
Compensation in clinical research: The debate continues
M Pandya, C Desai
Perspectives in Clinical Research 2013
Ethical issues in clinical research
V Muthuswamy
Perspectives in Clinical Research 2013
Recent Changes to Clinical Trial Regulation in India: Focus on Serious Adverse Events, Compensation and Registration of Ethics Committees
M Karwa, S Arora, SG Agrawal
Pharmaceutical medicine 2013
Concealment and fabrication by experienced research subjects
EG Devine, ME Waters, M Putnam, C Surprise, K OMalley, C Richambault, RL Fishman, CM Knapp, EH Patterson, O Sarid-Segal, C Streeter, L Colanari, DA Ciraulo
Clinical trials (London, England) 2013
Concealment and fabrication: The hidden price of payment for research participation?
NW Dickert
Clinical trials (London, England) 2013
Reliability and Validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): Predicting DSM-IV Personality Disorders and Psychopathy in Community-Dwelling Italian Adults
A Fossati, RF Krueger, KE Markon, S Borroni, C Maffei
Assessment 2013
Regenerative Medicine Ethics
LF Hogle
2013
The impact of health insurance mandates on drug innovation: evidence from the United States.
Chun N, Park M
2013
Phase 1 clinical trials in end-stage cancer: patient understanding of trial premises and motives for participation.
Godskesen T, Nygren P, Nordin K, Hansson M, Kihlbom U
Supportive Care in Cancer 2013
Precommitting to Serve the Underserved
N Eyal, T Bärnighausen
The American Journal of Bioethics 2012
Forms of benefit sharing in global health research undertaken in resource poor settings: a qualitative study of stakeholders' views in Kenya
GM Lairumbi, M Parker, R Fitzpatrick, MC English
Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM 2012
The impact of health insurance mandates on drug innovation: evidence from the United States
N Chun, M Park
The European Journal of Health Economics 2012
Payment of Research Subjects, Ethical Issues in
LD Castro, CL Teoh
Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics 2012
New York State’s landmark policies on oversight and compensation for egg donation to stem cell research
BE Roxland
Regenerative Medicine 2012
Principles and Practice of Clinical Research
J Sun, BD Freeman, C Natanson
Principles and Practice of Clinical Research 2012
Patient Recruitment into a Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial for Kidney Disease: Report of the Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Clinical Trial (FSGS CT)
M Ferris, V Norwood, M Radeva, JJ Gassman, A Al-Uzri, D Askenazi, T Matoo, M Pinsk, A Sharma, W Smoyer, J Stults, S Vyas, R Weiss, D Gipson, F Kaskel, A Friedman, M Moxey-Mims, H Trachtman
Clinical and Translational Science 2012
Paying Patients for Their Tissue: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks
RD Truog, AS Kesselheim, S Joffe
Science 2012
MASAC Consensus Conference: impediments to conducting clinical research in persons with haemophilia, von Willebrand's disease and rare bleeding disorders
MA Koerper, N Frick, CM Kessler
Haemophilia 2012
A randomized controlled trial of short and standard-length consent forms for a genetic cohort study: is longer better?
K Matsui, RK Lie, TC Turin, Y Kita
Journal of Epidemiology 2012
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Short and Standard-Length Consent Forms for a Genetic Cohort Study: Is Longer Better?
K Matsui, RK Lie, TC Turin, Y Kita
Journal of Epidemiology 2012
MONEY, COERCION, AND UNDUE INDUCEMENT: A SURVEY OF ATTITUDES ABOUT PAYMENTS TO RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS
Emily A. Largent, Christine Grady, Franklin G. Miller, Alan Wertheimer
IRB Ethics and Human Research 2012
Incentives for Offender Research Participation Are Both Ethical and Practical
RK Hanson, EJ Letourneau, ME Olver, RJ Wilson, MH Miner
Criminal Justice and Behavior 2012
Translation of Family Health History Questions on Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes with Implications for Latina Health and Nursing Practice
GT Mudd, MC Martinez
Nursing Clinics of North America 2011
Ethical issues in adult oncology randomized clinical trials
EP Hamilton, JM Peppercorn
Clinical Investigation 2011
‘I am going to be a dad’: experiences and expectations of adolescent and young adult expectant fathers
L Wilkes, J Mannix, D Jackson
Journal of Clinical Nursing 2011
Clinical Research Participation among Aging Adults Enrolled in an Alzheimer’s Disease Center Research Registry
AL Jefferson, S Lambe, C Chaisson, J Palmisano, KJ Horvath, J Karlawish
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2011
Challenges and Strategies in Recruiting, Interviewing, and Retaining Recent Latino Immigrants in Substance Abuse and HIV Epidemiologic Studies : Recent Latino Immigrants, Substance Abuse and HIV Studies
MD la Rosa, R Babino, A Rosario, NV Martinez, L Aijaz
American Journal on Addictions 2011
Challenges and Strategies in Recruiting, Interviewing, and Retaining Recent Latino Immigrants in Substance Abuse and HIV Epidemiologic Studies: Recent Latino Immigrants, Substance Abuse and HIV Studies
MD la Rosa, R Babino, A Rosario, NV Martinez, L Aijaz
American Journal on Addictions 2011
Perceptions of moral integrity: Contradictions in need of explanation
C Laabs
Nursing Ethics 2011
So different, yet so similar: meta-analysis and policy modeling of willingness to participate in clinical trials among Brazilians and Indians
G Zammar, H Meister, J Shah, A Phadtare, L Cofiel, R Pietrobon
PloS one 2010
Strategies to recruit and retain college smokers in cessation trials
MM Davidson, NJ Cronk, KJ Harris, S Harrar, D Catley, GE Good
Research in Nursing & Health 2010
A Legal Defense for Compensating Research Egg Donors
SL Crockin
Cell Stem Cell 2010
Who’s Doing the Math? Are We Really Compensating Research Participants?
E Ripley, F Macrina, M Markowitz, C Gennings
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 2010
Why do we pay? A national survey of investigators and IRB chairpersons
E Ripley, F Macrina, M Markowitz, C Gennings
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 2010
Comprehension and Informed Consent: Assessing the Effect of a Short Consent Form
Leanne Stunkel, Meredith Benson, Louise McLellan, Ninet Sinaii, Gabriella Bedarida, Ezekiel Emanuel, Christine Grady
IRB Ethics and Human Research 2010
Comprehension and informed consent: assessing the effect of a short consent form
Leanne Stunkel, Meredith Benson, Louise McLellan, Ninet Sinaii, Gabriella Bedarida, Ezekiel Emanuel, Christine Grady
IRB Ethics and Human Research 2010
So Different, yet So Similar: Meta-Analysis and Policy Modeling of Willingness to Participate in Clinical Trials among Brazilians and Indians
G Zammar, H Meister, J Shah, A Phadtare, L Cofiel, R Pietrobon, G Malaga
PloS one 2010
Who's Doing the Math? Are We Really Compensating Research Participants?
E Ripley, F Macrina, M Markowitz, C Gennings
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 2010
Clinical Pharmacology: Current Topics and Case Studies
M Müller
2010
Pulmonary surfactant: an immunological perspective
ZC Chroneos, Z Sever-Chroneos, VL Shepherd
Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 2009
Financial Remuneration for Clinical and Behavioral Research Participation: Ethical and Practical Considerations
J Permuth-Wey, AR Borenstein
Annals of Epidemiology 2009
Manufacturing Mistrust: Issues in the Controversy Regarding Foster Children in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials
J Slomka
Science and Engineering Ethics 2009
Chapitre 9. Offrir un manuel d'auto-traitement en guise de compensation éthiquement acceptable pour avoir participé à un projet de recherche en psychiatrie
S Bouchard, M Michaud, G Labonté-Chartrand
Journal International de Bioéthique 2009
Effective Strategies for Maintaining Research Participation in Clinical Trials
A Zweben, LM Fucito, SS O'Malley
Drug Information Journal 2009
Manufacturing mistrust: issues in the controversy regarding foster children in the pediatric HIV/AIDS clinical trials.
Slomka J
Science and Engineering Ethics 2009
Payments to normal healthy volunteers in phase 1 trials: avoiding undue influence while distributing fairly the burdens of research participation.
Iltis AS
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2009
The influence of monetary compensation on relapse among addicted participants: empirical vs. anecdotal evidence
JP Dempsey, SE Back, AE Waldrop, L Jenkins, KT Brady
The American journal on addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions 2008
Environmental Health Research Involving Human Subjects: Ethical Issues
DB Resnik
Environmental health insights 2008
Participant Recruitment and Retention in Rehabilitation Research
KR Bell, F Hammond, T Hart, AK Bickett, NR Temkin, S Dikmen
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2008
Increasing the amount of payment to research subjects
DB Resnik, DB Resnick
Journal of medical ethics 2008
Compensating clinical trial participants from limited resource settings in internationally sponsored clinical trials: a proposal
P Ndebele, J Mfutso-Bengo, T Mduluza
Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi 2008
Compensating clinical trial participants from limited resource settings in internationally sponsored clinical trials : A proposal
P Ndebele, J Mfutso-Bengo, T Mduluza
Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi 2008
Increasing the amount of payment to research subjects
DB Resnick
Journal of medical ethics 2008
Effect of Participation Incentives on the Composition of National Health Surveys
A Moyer, M Brown
Journal of Health Psychology 2008
Ethical Issues in Disaster Research: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina
CY Ausbrooks, EJ Barrett, M Martinez-Cosio
Population Research and Policy Review 2008
Community consultation and communication for a population-based DNA biobank: the Marshfield clinic personalized medicine research project.
McCarty CA, Chapman-Stone D, Derfus T, Giampietro PF, Fost N
American journal of medical genetics. Part A 2008
Perceptions of financial payment for research participation among African-American drug users in HIV studies
J Slomka, S McCurdy, EA Ratliff, S Timpson, ML Williams
Journal of General Internal Medicine 2007
Recruiting vulnerable populations into research: a systematic review of recruitment interventions
SJ UyBico, S Pavel, CP Gross
Journal of General Internal Medicine 2007
Lessons learned from the Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study
DB Resnik, S Wing
American journal of public health 2007
Recruitment of research volunteers: methods, interest, and incentives
LR Goldenberg, EF Owens, JG Pickar
The Journal of chiropractic education 2007
Ethical issues in child psychopharmacology research and practice: emphasis on preschoolers
L Spetie, LE Arnold
Psychopharmacology 2007
First-in-Man (FIM) Clinical Trials Post-TeGenero: A Review of the Impact of the TeGenero Trial on the Design, Conduct, and Ethics of FIM Trials
A Nada, J Somberg
American Journal of Therapeutics 2007
Offering Parents Individualized Feedback on the Results of Psychological Testing Conducted for Research Purposes With Children: Ethical Issues and Recommendations
M Lefaivre, CT Chambers, CV Fernandez
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2007
Ethics and the payment of research subjects
L Beckford, MR Broome
Psychiatry 2007
Ethical issues in child psychopharmacology research and practice: emphasis on preschoolers.
Spetie L, Arnold LE
Psychopharmacology 2007
Phase I oncology trials: why the therapeutic misconception will not go away
W Glannon
Journal of medical ethics 2006
Ethical guideposts to clinical trials in oncology
M Bernstein
Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) 2006
The Ethics of Paying Drug Users Who Participate in Research: A Review and Practical Recommendations
CL Fry, W Hall, A Ritter, R Jenkinson
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 2006
¿Los pacientes deben recibir una remuneración económica por su participación en ensayos clínicos terapéuticos?
R Dal-Ré, X Carné
Medicina Clínica 2006
Spending of Remuneration by Subjects in Non-Treatment Drug Abuse Research Studies
JE Kurlander, SL Simon-Dack, DA Gorelick
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2006
Guinea Pig Duties: 5. Coercion and Inducement into Clinical Research
TJ Steiner
Research Ethics 2006
Financial capacity in persons with schizophrenia and serious mental illness: clinical and research ethics aspects
DC Marson, R Savage, J Phillips
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2005
The Vaccine Book
CA Siegrist
The Vaccine Book 2003

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