(A) Autologous neutralizing antibodies rise following untreated HIV-1 infection. After approximately 60 days, sufficient viral replication has occurred to stimulate autologous neutralizing antibodies. Following induction, the antibodies can develop breadth and potency of neutralization (29). (B) HIV-1 infection over a 25-year timecourse on ART. The half-life of the initial latent pool of CD4⁺ T cells is approximately 44 months. After long duration of antiretroviral treatment, the latent pool increases with a doubling time of approximately 23 years due to proliferation of infected CD4⁺ T cells (25).