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Genomic and transcriptomic features of androgen receptor signaling inhibitor resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Xiaolin Zhu, … , Michiel S. van der Heijden, Felix Y. Feng
Xiaolin Zhu, … , Michiel S. van der Heijden, Felix Y. Feng
Published October 1, 2024
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2024;134(19):e178604. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI178604.
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Clinical Research and Public Health Oncology

Genomic and transcriptomic features of androgen receptor signaling inhibitor resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

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Abstract

BACKGROUND Androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but their clinical benefit is limited by treatment resistance.METHODS To investigate the mechanisms of ARSI resistance, we analyzed the whole-genome (n = 45) and transcriptome (n = 31) sequencing data generated from paired metastatic biopsies obtained before initiation of first-line ARSI therapy for mCRPC and after radiographic disease progression. We investigated the effects of genetic and pharmacologic modulation of SSTR1 in 22Rv1 cells, a representative mCRPC cell line.RESULTS We confirmed the predominant role of tumor genetic alterations converging on augmenting androgen receptor (AR) signaling and the increased transcriptional heterogeneity and lineage plasticity during the emergence of ARSI resistance. We further identified amplifications involving a putative enhancer downstream of the AR and transcriptional downregulation of SSTR1, encoding somatostatin receptor 1, in ARSI-resistant tumors. We found that patients with SSTR1-low mCRPC tumors derived less benefit from subsequent ARSI therapy in a retrospective cohort. We showed that SSTR1 was antiproliferative in 22Rv1 cells and that the FDA-approved drug pasireotide suppressed 22Rv1 cell proliferation.CONCLUSION Our findings expand the knowledge of ARSI resistance and point out actionable next steps, exemplified by potentially targeting SSTR1, to improve patient outcomes.FUNDING National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH; Prostate Cancer Foundation; Conquer Cancer, American Society of Clinical Oncology Foundation; UCSF Benioff Initiative for Prostate Cancer Research; Netherlands Cancer Institute.

Authors

Xiaolin Zhu, Tatyanah Farsh, Daniël Vis, Ivan Yu, Haolong Li, Tianyi Liu, Martin Sjöström, Raunak Shrestha, Jeroen Kneppers, Tesa Severson, Meng Zhang, Arian Lundberg, Thaidy Moreno Rodriguez, Alana S. Weinstein, Adam Foye, Niven Mehra, Rahul R. Aggarwal, Andries M. Bergman, Eric J. Small, Nathan A. Lack, Wilbert Zwart, David A. Quigley, Michiel S. van der Heijden, Felix Y. Feng

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Figure 5

Decreased SSTR1 mRNA in ARSI-resistant mCRPC.

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Decreased SSTR1 mRNA in ARSI-resistant mCRPC.
(A) Paired DGE analysis id...
(A) Paired DGE analysis identifies SSTR1 as the most significantly altered gene after ARSI therapy (Wald test, DESeq2). BH, Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. (B) SSTR1 mRNA decreased, while mCRPC developed ARSI resistance in an unpaired analysis using all 71 RNA-Seq samples (Wilcoxon test). (C) SSTR1 downregulation was consistently observed after ARSI across 31 paired samples (paired Wilcoxon test). (D) High SSTR1 expression was associated with survival benefit in 115 WCDT patients who received ARSIs following the biopsy (Wald test).

Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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