Circadian immunity from bench to bedside: a practical guide
Huram Mok, … , Guy Hazan, Jeffrey A. Haspel
Huram Mok, … , Guy Hazan, Jeffrey A. Haspel
Published February 1, 2024
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2024;134(3):e175706. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI175706.
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Circadian immunity from bench to bedside: a practical guide

Abstract

The immune system is built to counteract unpredictable threats, yet it relies on predictable cycles of activity to function properly. Daily rhythms in immune function are an expanding area of study, and many originate from a genetically based timekeeping mechanism known as the circadian clock. The challenge is how to harness these biological rhythms to improve medical interventions. Here, we review recent literature documenting how circadian clocks organize fundamental innate and adaptive immune activities, the immunologic consequences of circadian rhythm and sleep disruption, and persisting knowledge gaps in the field. We then consider the evidence linking circadian rhythms to vaccination, an important clinical realization of immune function. Finally, we discuss practical steps to translate circadian immunity to the patient’s bedside.

Authors

Huram Mok, Elaine Ostendorf, Alex Ganninger, Avi J. Adler, Guy Hazan, Jeffrey A. Haspel

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Figure 2

Schematic of the core molecular clock in mammals.

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Schematic of the core molecular clock in mammals. The system consists of...
The system consists of two fundamental loops, one providing negative feedback and the other providing positive feedback. Immune functions tied to specific molecular clock constituents are depicted. E-Box and ROR response elements (RRE) are depicted by yellow and gray rectangles, respectively. Coding sequences are depicted by large arrows, and proteins are depicted by circles. Note, this representation is simplified to demonstrate the basic feedback mechanism. Multiple accessory proteins either complex with core clock proteins or regulate clock gene expression, thereby providing stability and tuning to the system (151).