IL-12 is the most effective costimulus with immobilized IgG for IFN-γ production by NK cells. Purified NK cells were cultured on immobilized huIgG in the presence of various human cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-12) at 10 ng/ml. Standard controls were also included. As a further control, some wells were coated with human F(ab′)2 fragment prior to the addition of NK cells (Fab). Culture supernatants were harvested after 72 hours and analyzed for IFN-γ content by ELISA. *P < 0.005 versus all conditions shown.