Pregnant women exposed to climate change are affected by stress, respiratory disease, nutritional issues, infections, heat-induced illnesses, and poverty. Children are affected in utero, leading to increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW), and prematurity. Fetal programming and epigenetic changes during development also cause long-term adverse effects induced by climate change as children grow due to increased predisposition to a number of conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other neurodevelopmental disorders; cognitive deficits; congenital heart diseases; allergic rhinitis; asthma and eczema; congenital infections; malignancy; mood disorders; schizophrenia; obesity; type 2 diabetes; and cardiovascular and metabolic problems.