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Striatal Kir2 K+ channel inhibition mediates the antidyskinetic effects of amantadine
Weixing Shen, … , Alfred L. George Jr., D. James Surmeier
Weixing Shen, … , Alfred L. George Jr., D. James Surmeier
Published April 20, 2020
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2020;130(5):2593-2601. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI133398.
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Research Article Neuroscience Article has an altmetric score of 2

Striatal Kir2 K+ channel inhibition mediates the antidyskinetic effects of amantadine

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Abstract

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) poses a significant health care challenge for Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Amantadine is currently the only drug proven to alleviate LID. Although its efficacy in treating LID is widely assumed to be mediated by blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, our experiments demonstrate that at therapeutically relevant concentrations, amantadine preferentially blocks inward-rectifying K+ channel type 2 (Kir2) channels in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) — not NMDA receptors. In so doing, amantadine enhances dendritic integration of excitatory synaptic potentials in SPNs and enhances — not antagonizes — the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at excitatory, axospinous synapses. Taken together, our studies suggest that the alleviation of LID in PD patients is mediated by diminishing the disparity in the excitability of direct- and indirect-pathway SPNs in the on state, rather than by disrupting LTP induction. This insight points to a pharmacological approach that could be used to effectively ameliorate LID and improve the quality of life for PD patients.

Authors

Weixing Shen, Wenjie Ren, Shenyu Zhai, Ben Yang, Carlos G. Vanoye, Ananya Mitra, Alfred L. George Jr., D. James Surmeier

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Figure 1

AMT preferentially blocks inwardly rectifying Kir2 channels at therapeutically relevant concentrations.

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AMT preferentially blocks inwardly rectifying Kir2 channels at therapeut...
(A) The experimental configuration. Representative traces showing the control NMDAR-mediated synaptic current and the currents evoked after application of the labeled doses of AMT. (B) Dose-response relationship of the AMT modulation of NMDAR-mediated current in dSPNs and iSPNs. IC50 = 641 μM (iSPN n = 5–10); IC50 = 648 μM (dSPN n = 5–11). (C) Current-voltage relationship at negative membrane potentials revealed an inwardly rectifying current. Cells were held at –60 mV and stepped up to –130 mV in –10-mV increments in the presence of tetrodotoxin (1 μM). Subsequent bath application of Ba2+ (200 μM) blocked all Kir2 channel currents, leaving currents attributable to KCNK channels. Subtraction of the records before and after Ba2+ application showed a Ba2+-sensitive Kir2 current. (D) The Ba2+-subtracted current plotted against the step potential. The data points were fit with a Boltzmann equation. (E) The Kir2 current evoked by a voltage steps from –60 mV to –130 mV was reduced by a range of AMT concentrations (10, 50, or 100 μM). (F) Dose-response relationship of the AMT suppression of Kir2 current. IC50 = 29 μM (n = 4–6). (G) Box plot showing the effect of AMT on IC50s between iSPNs and dSPNs (iSPN n = 5, dSPN n = 4, P > 0.05 by Mann-Whitney test). NS, not significant. (H) Average Ba2+-sensitive currents recorded at –120 mV from CHO-K1 cells stably expressing Kir2.1 and exposed to vehicle, 3, 10, 100, 500, or 3000 μM AMT. (I) Dose-response curve of Kir2.1 current measured after exposure to various AMT concentrations (n = 12–23) and IC50 = 38.3 ± 3.1 μM. Data are shown as mean ± SEM.

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