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Research Article Free access | 10.1172/JCI118732

Identification and characterization of glima 38, a glycosylated islet cell membrane antigen, which together with GAD65 and IA2 marks the early phases of autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes.

H J Aanstoot, S M Kang, J Kim, L A Lindsay, U Roll, M Knip, M Atkinson, P Mose-Larsen, S Fey, and J Ludvigsson

Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0534, USA.

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Published June 15, 1996 - More info

Published in Volume 97, Issue 12 on June 15, 1996
J Clin Invest. 1996;97(12):2772–2783. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118732.
© 1996 The American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published June 15, 1996 - Version history
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Abstract

Immunoprecipitating IgG autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65, and/or a tyrosine phosphatase, IA2, are present in the majority of individuals experiencing pancreatic beta cell destruction and development of type 1 diabetes. Here we identify a third islet cell autoantigen, a novel 38-kD protein, which is specifically immunoprecipitated with sera from a subset of prediabetic individuals and newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients. The 38-kD autoantigen, named glima 38, is an amphiphilic membrane glycoprotein, specifically expressed in islet and neuronal cell lines, and thus shares the neuroendocrine expression patterns of GAD65 and IA2. Removal of N-linked carbohydrates results in a protein of 22,000 M(r). Glima 38 autoantibodies were detected in 16/86 (19%) of newly diagnosed patients, including three very young children, who had a rapid onset of disease, and in 6/44 (14%) of prediabetic individuals up to several years before clinical onset. The cumulative incidence of GAD65 and glima 38 antibodies in these two groups was 83 and 80%, respectively, and the cumulative incidence of GAD65, glima 38, and IA2 antibodies in the same groups was 91 and 84%, respectively. GAD65, IA2, and glima 38 represent three distinct targets of immunoprecipitating IgG autoantibodies associated with beta cell destruction and type 1 diabetes.

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